Document (#15386)

Author
Rettig, J.
Title
Future reference : 'sired by a hurricane, dam'd by an earthquake'
Source
Reference librarian. 1996, no.54, S.75-94
Year
1996
Abstract
During the past decade, changes in the environment in which reference librarians work have prompted questions about the effectiveness of time honoured service patterns and mechanisms. In response to internal and external pressures and forces, during the 1990s some refe4rence managers transformed questioning into action and conducted experiements with modifications in service structures and methods. Several trends are beginning to emerge. The common thread among them is a fcous on the needs of the individual user. These trends may reshape the way reference service is performed
Theme
Informationsdienstleistungen

Similar documents (content)

  1. Brandt, K.A.; Campbell, J.M.; Bryant, W.F.: Reflections on reference services (1996) 0.13
    0.12706628 = sum of:
      0.12706628 = product of:
        0.6353314 = sum of:
          0.066774614 = weight(abstract_txt:past in 4668) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.066774614 = score(doc=4668,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.10969241 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.565661 = idf(docFreq=459, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.60874414 = fieldWeight in 4668, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.565661 = idf(docFreq=459, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4668)
          0.08849275 = weight(abstract_txt:external in 4668) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08849275 = score(doc=4668,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13234498 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0984124 = boost
                6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.6686521 = fieldWeight in 4668, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4668)
          0.10939283 = weight(abstract_txt:decade in 4668) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10939283 = score(doc=4668,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.15243858 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1788516 = boost
                6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.71761906 = fieldWeight in 4668, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4668)
          0.19180062 = weight(abstract_txt:trends in 4668) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.19180062 = score(doc=4668,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.22165065 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.0103016 = boost
                5.5943284 = idf(docFreq=446, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.8653285 = fieldWeight in 4668, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.5943284 = idf(docFreq=446, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4668)
          0.17887062 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 4668) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17887062 = score(doc=4668,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.2115737 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.405488 = boost
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.84542936 = fieldWeight in 4668, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4668)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  2. Massey-Burzio, V.: From the other side of the reference desk : a focus group study (1998) 0.13
    0.12573555 = sum of:
      0.12573555 = product of:
        0.6286777 = sum of:
          0.15607403 = weight(abstract_txt:prompted in 5227) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.15607403 = score(doc=5227,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.24177317 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4846215 = boost
                8.2629 = idf(docFreq=30, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.6455391 = fieldWeight in 5227, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.2629 = idf(docFreq=30, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5227)
          0.16858351 = weight(abstract_txt:pressures in 5227) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.16858351 = score(doc=5227,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.25452536 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5232712 = boost
                8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.66234463 = fieldWeight in 5227, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5227)
          0.09687395 = weight(abstract_txt:trends in 5227) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09687395 = score(doc=5227,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22165065 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.0103016 = boost
                5.5943284 = idf(docFreq=446, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.4370569 = fieldWeight in 5227, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.5943284 = idf(docFreq=446, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5227)
          0.12776473 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 5227) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.12776473 = score(doc=5227,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.2115737 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.405488 = boost
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.60387814 = fieldWeight in 5227, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5227)
          0.079381466 = weight(abstract_txt:service in 5227) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.079381466 = score(doc=5227,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22218129 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.465052 = boost
                4.5732145 = idf(docFreq=1240, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.3572824 = fieldWeight in 5227, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.5732145 = idf(docFreq=1240, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5227)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  3. Whitlatch, J.B.: Customer service : implications for reference practice (1995) 0.11
    0.107869305 = sum of:
      0.107869305 = product of:
        0.6741832 = sum of:
          0.0953923 = weight(abstract_txt:past in 2615) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0953923 = score(doc=2615,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.10969241 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.565661 = idf(docFreq=459, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.8696345 = fieldWeight in 2615, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.565661 = idf(docFreq=459, maxDocs=44218)
                0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=2615)
          0.15627547 = weight(abstract_txt:decade in 2615) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.15627547 = score(doc=2615,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.15243858 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1788516 = boost
                6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              1.0251701 = fieldWeight in 2615, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
                0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=2615)
          0.14753 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 2615) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.14753 = score(doc=2615,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.2115737 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.405488 = boost
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.6972984 = fieldWeight in 2615, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=2615)
          0.27498543 = weight(abstract_txt:service in 2615) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.27498543 = score(doc=2615,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.22218129 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.465052 = boost
                4.5732145 = idf(docFreq=1240, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              1.2376624 = fieldWeight in 2615, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.5732145 = idf(docFreq=1240, maxDocs=44218)
                0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=2615)
        0.16 = coord(4/25)
    
  4. Clark, J.M.; Cary, K.: ¬An approach to the evaluation of ready reference collections (1995) 0.09
    0.09496792 = sum of:
      0.09496792 = product of:
        0.47483957 = sum of:
          0.067407385 = weight(abstract_txt:action in 1741) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.067407385 = score(doc=1741,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13814208 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1222115 = boost
                6.2458487 = idf(docFreq=232, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.48795694 = fieldWeight in 1741, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.2458487 = idf(docFreq=232, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1741)
          0.06989016 = weight(abstract_txt:beginning in 1741) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06989016 = score(doc=1741,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.14151366 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1358236 = boost
                6.321609 = idf(docFreq=215, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.4938757 = fieldWeight in 1741, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.321609 = idf(docFreq=215, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1741)
          0.06299672 = weight(abstract_txt:during in 1741) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06299672 = score(doc=1741,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1663705 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.741666 = boost
                4.846761 = idf(docFreq=943, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.37865323 = fieldWeight in 1741, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.846761 = idf(docFreq=943, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1741)
          0.19516386 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 1741) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.19516386 = score(doc=1741,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.2115737 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.405488 = boost
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.9224391 = fieldWeight in 1741, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1741)
          0.079381466 = weight(abstract_txt:service in 1741) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.079381466 = score(doc=1741,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22218129 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.465052 = boost
                4.5732145 = idf(docFreq=1240, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.3572824 = fieldWeight in 1741, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.5732145 = idf(docFreq=1240, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1741)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  5. Stephenson, N.K.; St.Clair, L.: Extending the class : graduate assistantships in the reference department (1996) 0.09
    0.08833808 = sum of:
      0.08833808 = product of:
        0.552113 = sum of:
          0.18728884 = weight(abstract_txt:prompted in 6534) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.18728884 = score(doc=6534,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.24177317 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4846215 = boost
                8.2629 = idf(docFreq=30, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.7746469 = fieldWeight in 6534, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.2629 = idf(docFreq=30, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6534)
          0.116248734 = weight(abstract_txt:trends in 6534) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.116248734 = score(doc=6534,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22165065 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.0103016 = boost
                5.5943284 = idf(docFreq=446, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.5244683 = fieldWeight in 6534, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.5943284 = idf(docFreq=446, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6534)
          0.15331767 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 6534) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.15331767 = score(doc=6534,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.2115737 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.405488 = boost
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.7246537 = fieldWeight in 6534, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6534)
          0.09525775 = weight(abstract_txt:service in 6534) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09525775 = score(doc=6534,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22218129 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.465052 = boost
                4.5732145 = idf(docFreq=1240, maxDocs=44218)
                0.019708784 = queryNorm
              0.42873886 = fieldWeight in 6534, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.5732145 = idf(docFreq=1240, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6534)
        0.16 = coord(4/25)