Document (#19567)

Author

Fricke, M.

Title

Information using likeness measures

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 48(1997) no.10, S.882-892

Year

1997

Abstract

The information in a theory can be evaluated by measuring either its distance from the perfect theory or by measuring its distance from the right answer to the information seeking question that led to it. The measures here are provided by the Tichy-Hilpinen-Oddie-Niiniluoto-likeness measures which were introduced in the context of the philosophical problem of verisimilitude. It does not use or depend on probabilities or uncertainty and it permits false views or theories to possess information

Theme

Information

Similar documents (content)

1. Della Mea, V.; Demartini, G.; Di Gaspero, L.; Mizzaro, S.: Measuring retrieval effectiveness with Average Distance Measure (ADM) (2006) 0.20

   0.19733007 = sum of:
     0.19733007 = product of:
       0.82220864 = sum of:
         0.015916536 = weight(abstract_txt:from in 774) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015916536 = score(doc=774,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06142677 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0859544 = boost
               2.7638826 = idf(docFreq=7577, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.259114 = fieldWeight in 774, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.7638826 = idf(docFreq=7577, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=774)
         0.09332942 = weight(abstract_txt:either in 774) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09332942 = score(doc=774,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.12583005 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.099031 = boost
               5.5943284 = idf(docFreq=446, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.7417101 = fieldWeight in 774, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5943284 = idf(docFreq=446, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=774)
         0.037054066 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 774) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.037054066 = score(doc=774,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.09425813 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9024233 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.3931127 = fieldWeight in 774, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=774)
         0.2032718 = weight(abstract_txt:distance in 774) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2032718 = score(doc=774,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3356166 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5383673 = boost
               6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.60566676 = fieldWeight in 774, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=774)
         0.21584012 = weight(abstract_txt:measuring in 774) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21584012 = score(doc=774,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.34931192 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5896404 = boost
               6.590942 = idf(docFreq=164, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.6179008 = fieldWeight in 774, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.590942 = idf(docFreq=164, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=774)
         0.25679672 = weight(abstract_txt:measures in 774) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.25679672 = score(doc=774,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.3563461 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2034237 = boost
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.72063845 = fieldWeight in 774, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=774)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

2. Zachary, J.; Iyengar, S.S.: Information theoretic similarity measures for content based image retrieval (2001) 0.19

   0.18999167 = sum of:
     0.18999167 = product of:
       0.67854166 = sum of:
         0.01326378 = weight(abstract_txt:from in 6523) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01326378 = score(doc=6523,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06142677 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0859544 = boost
               2.7638826 = idf(docFreq=7577, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.21592833 = fieldWeight in 6523, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.7638826 = idf(docFreq=7577, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6523)
         0.10757311 = weight(abstract_txt:depend in 6523) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10757311 = score(doc=6523,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19680612 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3744756 = boost
               6.996407 = idf(docFreq=109, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.5465943 = fieldWeight in 6523, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.996407 = idf(docFreq=109, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6523)
         0.13624595 = weight(abstract_txt:permits in 6523) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13624595 = score(doc=6523,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23038377 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.487112 = boost
               7.5697527 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.5913869 = fieldWeight in 6523, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.5697527 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6523)
         0.082919076 = weight(abstract_txt:theory in 6523) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.082919076 = score(doc=6523,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.16545217 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7822515 = boost
               4.5360413 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.50116646 = fieldWeight in 6523, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.5360413 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6523)
         0.017827647 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 6523) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017827647 = score(doc=6523,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09425813 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9024233 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.18913643 = fieldWeight in 6523, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6523)
         0.16939318 = weight(abstract_txt:distance in 6523) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16939318 = score(doc=6523,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3356166 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5383673 = boost
               6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.5047223 = fieldWeight in 6523, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6523)
         0.15131891 = weight(abstract_txt:measures in 6523) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15131891 = score(doc=6523,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3563461 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2034237 = boost
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.4246403 = fieldWeight in 6523, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6523)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

3. Della Mea, V.; Mizzaro, S.: Measuring retrieval effectiveness : a new proposal and a first experimental validation (2004) 0.18

   0.17764682 = sum of:
     0.17764682 = product of:
       0.7401951 = sum of:
         0.015916536 = weight(abstract_txt:from in 2263) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015916536 = score(doc=2263,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06142677 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0859544 = boost
               2.7638826 = idf(docFreq=7577, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.259114 = fieldWeight in 2263, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.7638826 = idf(docFreq=7577, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2263)
         0.09332942 = weight(abstract_txt:either in 2263) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09332942 = score(doc=2263,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.12583005 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.099031 = boost
               5.5943284 = idf(docFreq=446, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.7417101 = fieldWeight in 2263, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5943284 = idf(docFreq=446, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2263)
         0.03025452 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 2263) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03025452 = score(doc=2263,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09425813 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9024233 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.32097518 = fieldWeight in 2263, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2263)
         0.2032718 = weight(abstract_txt:distance in 2263) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2032718 = score(doc=2263,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3356166 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5383673 = boost
               6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.60566676 = fieldWeight in 2263, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2263)
         0.21584012 = weight(abstract_txt:measuring in 2263) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21584012 = score(doc=2263,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.34931192 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5896404 = boost
               6.590942 = idf(docFreq=164, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.6179008 = fieldWeight in 2263, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.590942 = idf(docFreq=164, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2263)
         0.18158269 = weight(abstract_txt:measures in 2263) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.18158269 = score(doc=2263,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3563461 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2034237 = boost
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.50956833 = fieldWeight in 2263, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2263)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

4. Sánchez, D.; Batet, M.; Valls, A.; Gibert, K.: Ontology-driven web-based semantic similarity (2010) 0.16

   0.15620476 = sum of:
     0.15620476 = product of:
       0.65085316 = sum of:
         0.013130472 = weight(abstract_txt:from in 335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.013130472 = score(doc=335,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.06142677 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0859544 = boost
               2.7638826 = idf(docFreq=7577, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.21375814 = fieldWeight in 335, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.7638826 = idf(docFreq=7577, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=335)
         0.07530117 = weight(abstract_txt:depend in 335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07530117 = score(doc=335,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19680612 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3744756 = boost
               6.996407 = idf(docFreq=109, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.382616 = fieldWeight in 335, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.996407 = idf(docFreq=109, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=335)
         0.1627735 = weight(abstract_txt:probabilities in 335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1627735 = score(doc=335,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.26114592 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.583286 = boost
               8.059301 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.6233048 = fieldWeight in 335, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.059301 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=335)
         0.021614872 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021614872 = score(doc=335,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.09425813 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9024233 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.22931573 = fieldWeight in 335, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=335)
         0.11857522 = weight(abstract_txt:distance in 335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11857522 = score(doc=335,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3356166 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5383673 = boost
               6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.3533056 = fieldWeight in 335, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=335)
         0.2594579 = weight(abstract_txt:measures in 335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2594579 = score(doc=335,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.3563461 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2034237 = boost
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.72810644 = fieldWeight in 335, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=335)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

5. Shibata, N.; Kajikawa, Y.; Sakata, I.: Measuring relatedness between communities in a citation network (2011) 0.13

   0.12630318 = sum of:
     0.12630318 = product of:
       0.63151586 = sum of:
         0.01326378 = weight(abstract_txt:from in 4484) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01326378 = score(doc=4484,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06142677 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0859544 = boost
               2.7638826 = idf(docFreq=7577, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.21592833 = fieldWeight in 4484, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.7638826 = idf(docFreq=7577, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4484)
         0.054994892 = weight(abstract_txt:either in 4484) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.054994892 = score(doc=4484,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12583005 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.099031 = boost
               5.5943284 = idf(docFreq=446, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.4370569 = fieldWeight in 4484, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5943284 = idf(docFreq=446, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4484)
         0.16939318 = weight(abstract_txt:distance in 4484) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16939318 = score(doc=4484,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3356166 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5383673 = boost
               6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.5047223 = fieldWeight in 4484, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4484)
         0.17986676 = weight(abstract_txt:measuring in 4484) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.17986676 = score(doc=4484,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.34931192 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5896404 = boost
               6.590942 = idf(docFreq=164, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.5149173 = fieldWeight in 4484, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.590942 = idf(docFreq=164, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4484)
         0.21399726 = weight(abstract_txt:measures in 4484) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21399726 = score(doc=4484,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.3563461 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2034237 = boost
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.020465694 = queryNorm
             0.60053205 = fieldWeight in 4484, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4484)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)