Document (#23200)

Author
Ketelaar, E.
Title
Can we trust information?
Source
International information and library review. 29(1997) nos.3/4, S.333-338
Year
1997
Abstract
Reliability and authenticity determine the credibility and usefulness of information. These concepts, developed in different cultures and at different times, are essential for information society and its dependence on trusting information. In the creation and distribution of digital information, conditions should be met to ensure the reliability and authenticity of the information
Footnote
Contribution to an issue devoted to papers from the UNESCO conference Info-Ethics: first International Congress on Ethical, Legal and Societal Aspects of Digital Information, held in Monaco, 10-12 March, 1997
Theme
Information

Similar documents (content)

  1. Lucassen, T.; Schraagen, J.M.: Factual accuracy and trust in information : the role of expertise (2011) 0.22
    0.21685165 = sum of:
      0.21685165 = product of:
        0.7125126 = sum of:
          0.014167 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 4475) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.014167 = score(doc=4475,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.041048877 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.34512514 = fieldWeight in 4475, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4475)
          0.061249096 = weight(abstract_txt:conditions in 4475) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.061249096 = score(doc=4475,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1571169 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9564142 = boost
                6.237302 = idf(docFreq=234, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.38983136 = fieldWeight in 4475, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.237302 = idf(docFreq=234, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4475)
          0.22694668 = weight(abstract_txt:trust in 4475) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.22694668 = score(doc=4475,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.19667071 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1888661 = boost
                6.9783883 = idf(docFreq=111, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              1.1539425 = fieldWeight in 4475, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                6.9783883 = idf(docFreq=111, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4475)
          0.024862211 = weight(abstract_txt:different in 4475) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.024862211 = score(doc=4475,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.10852413 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.2994688 = boost
                3.6655018 = idf(docFreq=3075, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.22909386 = fieldWeight in 4475, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.6655018 = idf(docFreq=3075, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4475)
          0.10811314 = weight(abstract_txt:credibility in 4475) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10811314 = score(doc=4475,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22947855 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.364397 = boost
                7.538004 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.47112525 = fieldWeight in 4475, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.538004 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4475)
          0.2245374 = weight(abstract_txt:trusting in 4475) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.2245374 = score(doc=4475,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.37355015 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.0166423 = boost
                9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.6010904 = fieldWeight in 4475, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4475)
          0.052637085 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 4475) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.052637085 = score(doc=4475,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.1420205 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.556176 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.3706302 = fieldWeight in 4475, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4475)
        0.3043478 = coord(7/23)
    
  2. Gilliland-Swetland, A.: Electronic records management (2004) 0.20
    0.20266528 = sum of:
      0.20266528 = product of:
        0.5179224 = sum of:
          0.008675479 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 4280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.008675479 = score(doc=4280,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.041048877 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.2113451 = fieldWeight in 4280, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4280)
          0.0217793 = weight(abstract_txt:digital in 4280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0217793 = score(doc=4280,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.075823106 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.359096 = boost
                4.332974 = idf(docFreq=1577, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.2872383 = fieldWeight in 4280, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.332974 = idf(docFreq=1577, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4280)
          0.016490046 = weight(abstract_txt:should in 4280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.016490046 = score(doc=4280,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07935912 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3904257 = boost
                4.432857 = idf(docFreq=1427, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.20779017 = fieldWeight in 4280, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.432857 = idf(docFreq=1427, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4280)
          0.027214706 = weight(abstract_txt:determine in 4280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.027214706 = score(doc=4280,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.110828474 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6431419 = boost
                5.2385488 = idf(docFreq=637, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.24555698 = fieldWeight in 4280, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.2385488 = idf(docFreq=637, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4280)
          0.06433334 = weight(abstract_txt:trust in 4280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06433334 = score(doc=4280,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.19667071 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1888661 = boost
                6.9783883 = idf(docFreq=111, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.32711196 = fieldWeight in 4280, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.9783883 = idf(docFreq=111, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4280)
          0.01864666 = weight(abstract_txt:different in 4280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01864666 = score(doc=4280,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.10852413 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.2994688 = boost
                3.6655018 = idf(docFreq=3075, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.1718204 = fieldWeight in 4280, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.6655018 = idf(docFreq=3075, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4280)
          0.12183887 = weight(abstract_txt:reliability in 4280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.12183887 = score(doc=4280,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.37929997 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.2988844 = boost
                6.8527 = idf(docFreq=126, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.32122034 = fieldWeight in 4280, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.8527 = idf(docFreq=126, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4280)
          0.022792527 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 4280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.022792527 = score(doc=4280,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.1420205 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.556176 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.16048759 = fieldWeight in 4280, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4280)
          0.21615146 = weight(abstract_txt:authenticity in 4280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.21615146 = score(doc=4280,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.5558587 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.204111 = boost
                8.29569 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.38886046 = fieldWeight in 4280, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.29569 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4280)
        0.39130434 = coord(9/23)
    
  3. Gladney, H.M.; Bennett, J.L.: What do we mean by authentic? : what's the real McCoy? (2003) 0.17
    0.172215 = sum of:
      0.172215 = product of:
        0.5658493 = sum of:
          0.008675479 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 1201) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.008675479 = score(doc=1201,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.041048877 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.2113451 = fieldWeight in 1201, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1201)
          0.04074534 = weight(abstract_txt:digital in 1201) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04074534 = score(doc=1201,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.075823106 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.359096 = boost
                4.332974 = idf(docFreq=1577, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.53737366 = fieldWeight in 1201, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                4.332974 = idf(docFreq=1577, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1201)
          0.016490046 = weight(abstract_txt:should in 1201) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.016490046 = score(doc=1201,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07935912 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3904257 = boost
                4.432857 = idf(docFreq=1427, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.20779017 = fieldWeight in 1201, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.432857 = idf(docFreq=1427, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1201)
          0.03330476 = weight(abstract_txt:essential in 1201) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03330476 = score(doc=1201,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.12680016 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7575564 = boost
                5.6033173 = idf(docFreq=442, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.2626555 = fieldWeight in 1201, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.6033173 = idf(docFreq=442, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1201)
          0.06433334 = weight(abstract_txt:trust in 1201) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06433334 = score(doc=1201,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.19667071 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1888661 = boost
                6.9783883 = idf(docFreq=111, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.32711196 = fieldWeight in 1201, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.9783883 = idf(docFreq=111, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1201)
          0.027915029 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 1201) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.027915029 = score(doc=1201,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.1420205 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.556176 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.19655634 = fieldWeight in 1201, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1201)
          0.3743853 = weight(abstract_txt:authenticity in 1201) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.3743853 = score(doc=1201,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.5558587 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.204111 = boost
                8.29569 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.67352605 = fieldWeight in 1201, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                8.29569 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1201)
        0.3043478 = coord(7/23)
    
  4. Lankes, R.D.: Credibility on the internet : shifting from authority to reliability (2008) 0.16
    0.15562238 = sum of:
      0.15562238 = product of:
        0.59655243 = sum of:
          0.008179321 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 2348) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.008179321 = score(doc=2348,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.041048877 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.19925809 = fieldWeight in 2348, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2348)
          0.036286272 = weight(abstract_txt:determine in 2348) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.036286272 = score(doc=2348,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.110828474 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6431419 = boost
                5.2385488 = idf(docFreq=637, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.3274093 = fieldWeight in 2348, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.2385488 = idf(docFreq=637, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2348)
          0.10490869 = weight(abstract_txt:dependence in 2348) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10490869 = score(doc=2348,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22492139 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3408024 = boost
                7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.4664238 = fieldWeight in 2348, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2348)
          0.24174833 = weight(abstract_txt:credibility in 2348) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.24174833 = score(doc=2348,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.22947855 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.364397 = boost
                7.538004 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              1.0534681 = fieldWeight in 2348, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                7.538004 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2348)
          0.16245182 = weight(abstract_txt:reliability in 2348) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.16245182 = score(doc=2348,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.37929997 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.2988844 = boost
                6.8527 = idf(docFreq=126, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.42829376 = fieldWeight in 2348, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.8527 = idf(docFreq=126, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2348)
          0.042978 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 2348) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.042978 = score(doc=2348,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.1420205 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.556176 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.3026183 = fieldWeight in 2348, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2348)
        0.26086956 = coord(6/23)
    
  5. Heastrom, M.: Descriptive practices for electronic records : deciding what is essential and imaging what is possible (1993) 0.15
    0.14896289 = sum of:
      0.14896289 = product of:
        0.6852293 = sum of:
          0.054429412 = weight(abstract_txt:determine in 8332) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.054429412 = score(doc=8332,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.110828474 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6431419 = boost
                5.2385488 = idf(docFreq=637, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.49111396 = fieldWeight in 8332, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.2385488 = idf(docFreq=637, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=8332)
          0.06660952 = weight(abstract_txt:essential in 8332) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06660952 = score(doc=8332,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.12680016 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7575564 = boost
                5.6033173 = idf(docFreq=442, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.525311 = fieldWeight in 8332, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.6033173 = idf(docFreq=442, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=8332)
          0.09965391 = weight(abstract_txt:ensure in 8332) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09965391 = score(doc=8332,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.16586643 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.0101507 = boost
                6.4086204 = idf(docFreq=197, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.60080814 = fieldWeight in 8332, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.4086204 = idf(docFreq=197, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=8332)
          0.0322335 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 8332) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0322335 = score(doc=8332,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1420205 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.556176 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.22696373 = fieldWeight in 8332, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=8332)
          0.43230292 = weight(abstract_txt:authenticity in 8332) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.43230292 = score(doc=8332,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.5558587 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.204111 = boost
                8.29569 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44218)
                0.012875536 = queryNorm
              0.7777209 = fieldWeight in 8332, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.29569 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=8332)
        0.2173913 = coord(5/23)