Document (#2364)

Author

Rada, R.
You, G.-N.

Title

Balanced outlines and hypertext

Source

Journal of documentation. 48(1992) no.1, S.20-44

Year

1992

Abstract

Navigation problems in a hypertext migth be reduced, if mutiple, coherent views of the hypertext were available. Document outlines help readers appreciate the structure and meaning of the document. Proposes measures of syntactic and lexical balance in an outline and show in a sample of documents the degree to which these balances occur. Based on balance in an outline, a method for semi-automatically generating an alternative outline is applied to one textbook. The textbook with both its original and its alternative outline is availbale in hypertext, and subjects who were asked to evaluate this hypertext noted that the alternative outline would help readers compare concepts in the textbook

Theme

Hypertext

Similar documents (author)

1. Rada, R.: Writing and reading hypertext : an overview (1989) 5.09

   5.085331 = sum of:
     5.085331 = weight(author_txt:rada in 738) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.085331 = fieldWeight in 738, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.13653 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=42740)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=738)
   

2. Rada, R.: Connecting and evaluating thesauri : issues and cases (1987) 5.09

   5.085331 = sum of:
     5.085331 = weight(author_txt:rada in 823) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.085331 = fieldWeight in 823, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.13653 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=42740)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=823)
   

3. Rada, R.: Maintaining thesauri and metathesauri (1990) 5.09

   5.085331 = sum of:
     5.085331 = weight(author_txt:rada in 2223) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.085331 = fieldWeight in 2223, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.13653 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=42740)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2223)
   

4. Rada, R.: Small, medium, and large hypertext (1991) 5.09

   5.085331 = sum of:
     5.085331 = weight(author_txt:rada in 3834) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.085331 = fieldWeight in 3834, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.13653 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=42740)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3834)
   

5. Rada, R.: ¬The GALEN dream (1992) 5.09

   5.085331 = sum of:
     5.085331 = weight(author_txt:rada in 4251) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.085331 = fieldWeight in 4251, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.13653 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=42740)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4251)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Heo, M.; Hirtle, S.C.: ¬An empirical comparison of visualization tools to assist information retrieval on the Web (2001) 0.14

   0.14352627 = sum of:
     0.14352627 = product of:
       0.5125938 = sum of:
         0.019973038 = weight(abstract_txt:compare in 216) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019973038 = score(doc=216,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07578144 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.622636 = idf(docFreq=419, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             0.26356107 = fieldWeight in 216, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.622636 = idf(docFreq=419, maxDocs=42740)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=216)
         0.023311198 = weight(abstract_txt:navigation in 216) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023311198 = score(doc=216,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.084005915 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0528669 = boost
               5.9198875 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             0.27749473 = fieldWeight in 216, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.9198875 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=42740)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=216)
         0.023698155 = weight(abstract_txt:views in 216) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023698155 = score(doc=216,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.084933005 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0586607 = boost
               5.9524636 = idf(docFreq=301, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             0.27902174 = fieldWeight in 216, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.9524636 = idf(docFreq=301, maxDocs=42740)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=216)
         0.025291657 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 216) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025291657 = score(doc=216,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.06535392 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3133165 = boost
               3.69215 = idf(docFreq=2894, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             0.38699526 = fieldWeight in 216, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.69215 = idf(docFreq=2894, maxDocs=42740)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=216)
         0.035257272 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 216) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.035257272 = score(doc=216,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.087852865 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.52269 = boost
               4.280766 = idf(docFreq=1606, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             0.40132183 = fieldWeight in 216, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.280766 = idf(docFreq=1606, maxDocs=42740)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=216)
         0.1011547 = weight(abstract_txt:hypertext in 216) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1011547 = score(doc=216,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.38216197 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.0214286 = boost
               5.6467333 = idf(docFreq=409, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             0.26469064 = fieldWeight in 216, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.6467333 = idf(docFreq=409, maxDocs=42740)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=216)
         0.2839078 = weight(abstract_txt:outline in 216) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2839078 = score(doc=216,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.5272314 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.897992 = boost
               6.6324525 = idf(docFreq=152, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             0.53848803 = fieldWeight in 216, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.6324525 = idf(docFreq=152, maxDocs=42740)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=216)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

2. Botafogo, R.A.; Shneiderman, B.; Rivlin, E.: Structural analysis of hypertexts identifying hierarchies and useful metrics (1992) 0.12

   0.1203045 = sum of:
     0.1203045 = product of:
       0.6015225 = sum of:
         0.034575406 = weight(abstract_txt:degree in 4027) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.034575406 = score(doc=4027,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07772233 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0127249 = boost
               5.694183 = idf(docFreq=390, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             0.44485804 = fieldWeight in 4027, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.694183 = idf(docFreq=390, maxDocs=42740)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4027)
         0.039496925 = weight(abstract_txt:views in 4027) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.039496925 = score(doc=4027,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.084933005 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0586607 = boost
               5.9524636 = idf(docFreq=301, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             0.4650362 = fieldWeight in 4027, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.9524636 = idf(docFreq=301, maxDocs=42740)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4027)
         0.02938106 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 4027) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02938106 = score(doc=4027,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.087852865 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.52269 = boost
               4.280766 = idf(docFreq=1606, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             0.33443484 = fieldWeight in 4027, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.280766 = idf(docFreq=1606, maxDocs=42740)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4027)
         0.0851068 = weight(abstract_txt:readers in 4027) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0851068 = score(doc=4027,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1785201 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1705866 = boost
               6.102209 = idf(docFreq=259, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             0.4767351 = fieldWeight in 4027, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.102209 = idf(docFreq=259, maxDocs=42740)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4027)
         0.41296232 = weight(abstract_txt:hypertext in 4027) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.41296232 = score(doc=4027,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.38216197 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.0214286 = boost
               5.6467333 = idf(docFreq=409, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             1.080595 = fieldWeight in 4027, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.6467333 = idf(docFreq=409, maxDocs=42740)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4027)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

3. Morrell, K.; Trigg, R.H.: From books to workstations : problems in developing a computer-based curriculum in the humanities (1989) 0.10

   0.09996315 = sum of:
     0.09996315 = product of:
       1.2495394 = sum of:
         0.67732203 = weight(abstract_txt:textbook in 5768) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.67732203 = score(doc=5768,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.45442688 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.2414193 = boost
               7.9493184 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             1.4904972 = fieldWeight in 5768, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.9493184 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=42740)
               0.1875 = fieldNorm(doc=5768)
         0.57221735 = weight(abstract_txt:hypertext in 5768) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.57221735 = score(doc=5768,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.38216197 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.0214286 = boost
               5.6467333 = idf(docFreq=409, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             1.4973162 = fieldWeight in 5768, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.6467333 = idf(docFreq=409, maxDocs=42740)
               0.1875 = fieldNorm(doc=5768)
       0.08 = coord(2/25)
   

4. Rada, R.; Liu, Z.; Zheng, M.: Connecting educational information spaces (1997) 0.09

   0.09009036 = sum of:
     0.09009036 = product of:
       0.750753 = sum of:
         0.022621546 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 1314) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022621546 = score(doc=1314,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06535392 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3133165 = boost
               3.69215 = idf(docFreq=2894, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             0.34613907 = fieldWeight in 1314, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.69215 = idf(docFreq=2894, maxDocs=42740)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1314)
         0.050809406 = weight(abstract_txt:help in 1314) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050809406 = score(doc=1314,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11208639 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.719927 = boost
               4.8352613 = idf(docFreq=922, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             0.45330575 = fieldWeight in 1314, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.8352613 = idf(docFreq=922, maxDocs=42740)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1314)
         0.67732203 = weight(abstract_txt:textbook in 1314) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.67732203 = score(doc=1314,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.45442688 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.2414193 = boost
               7.9493184 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             1.4904972 = fieldWeight in 1314, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               7.9493184 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=42740)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1314)
       0.12 = coord(3/25)
   

5. Treloar, A.E.: Classifying Internet access tools : a user-centered approach (1994) 0.08

   0.083393514 = sum of:
     0.083393514 = product of:
       0.5212095 = sum of:
         0.046622396 = weight(abstract_txt:navigation in 1847) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.046622396 = score(doc=1847,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.084005915 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0528669 = boost
               5.9198875 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             0.55498946 = fieldWeight in 1847, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.9198875 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=42740)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1847)
         0.035257272 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 1847) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.035257272 = score(doc=1847,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.087852865 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.52269 = boost
               4.280766 = idf(docFreq=1606, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             0.40132183 = fieldWeight in 1847, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.280766 = idf(docFreq=1606, maxDocs=42740)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1847)
         0.11150129 = weight(abstract_txt:alternative in 1847) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11150129 = score(doc=1847,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.21667418 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9287531 = boost
               5.4891043 = idf(docFreq=479, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             0.5146035 = fieldWeight in 1847, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4891043 = idf(docFreq=479, maxDocs=42740)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1847)
         0.3278285 = weight(abstract_txt:outline in 1847) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.3278285 = score(doc=1847,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5272314 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.897992 = boost
               6.6324525 = idf(docFreq=152, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0134779215 = queryNorm
             0.62179244 = fieldWeight in 1847, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.6324525 = idf(docFreq=152, maxDocs=42740)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1847)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)