Document (#24596)

Author
Schmauks, D.
Title
Schweigende Texte, sprechende Bilder
Source
Herausforderungen an die Wissensorganisation: Visualisierung, multimediale Dokumente, Internetstrukturen. 5. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Berlin, 07.-10. Oktober 1997. Hrsg.: H. Czap u.a
Imprint
Würzburg : Ergon Verlag
Year
1998
Pages
S.3-12
Series
Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.5
Abstract
Kombinationen von Bild und Text haben vielfältige Funktionen. In Lexikonartikeln zum Beispiel ergänzen die beiden Medien sich gegenseitig, während Bilderwitze oft einen Widerspruch zeigen. Diese Arbeit untersucht einen weiteren Typ von Kombination, der unter bestimmten Bedingungen produziert wird. In solchen Fällen verschweigt der Autor im Text eine bestimmte Information, die ein aufmerksamer Betrachter jedoch aus dem Bild gewinnen kann. Er will also, daß nur Eingeweihte seine Nachricht verstehen, während sie für andere Personen vorübergehend oder dauernd unverständlich bleibt. Die hier vorgeschlagene Typologie der Fälle geht von den unterschiedlichen Motiven für so eine zweigleisige Strategie aus. Da Bilder immer mehrdeutig sind, kann man durch sie unauffällig mitteilen, was explizit gesagt Anstoß erregen würde, etwa weil es ein Tabu verletzt. Bilder fordern ihren Betrachter vor allem dann zur eigenen Deutung auf, wenn sie Informationen beinhalten, die nicht aus dem Text gewonnen werden können. Während beim Lösen von Rätseln das lustvolle Entdecken im Vordergrund steht, geht es in didaktischen Kontexten um das Einüben kognitiver Fähigkeiten. Zwischen wirtschaftlichen Gegnern oder politischen Feinden schließlich ist die ständige Geheimhaltung wichtiger Informationen unerläßlich. Die Vielfalt von Geheimnissen kann anhand ihrer jeweiligen Reflexionsstufe charakterisiert werden. Der Terminus "Kryptographie" bezeichnet Fälle, in denen sogar ein Laie erkennt, daß ein verschlüsselter Text vorliegt. Bei der Steganographie hingegen erscheint eine Nachricht als einfacher Klartext und ihre zweite Interpretationsebene bleibt gänzlich unbemerkt - und dadurch auch geheim im stärksten Sinn des Wortes
Form
Bilder

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