Document (#25078)

Author
Rouault, J.
Title
About abuctive reasoning
Source
Structures and relations in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the 5th International ISKO-Conference, Lille, 25.-29.8.1998. Ed.: W. Mustafa el Hadi et al
Imprint
Würzburg : Ergon
Year
1998
Pages
S.13-17
Series
Advances in knowledge organization; vol.6
Abstract
In natural languages, the modes of reasoning are seldom deductive. In most cases (anaphoras, negation,...) they involve a "bet" which is tested in the sequel of the text. We consider here a kind of such reasoning: the abductive one, and give two examples of application. Note: To avoid misunderstandings about our concepts, we present most examples in French (with English translation)

Similar documents (content)

  1. McIlwaine, I.: Guide d'utilisation de la CDU (1995) 0.09 
    0.08597289 = sum of:
  0.08597289 = product of:
    0.53733057 = sum of:
      0.1005303 = weight(abstract_txt:english in 5918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.1005303 = score(doc=5918,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.115419514 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2180628 = boost
            5.574394 = idf(docFreq=455, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.8709991 = fieldWeight in 5918, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.574394 = idf(docFreq=455, maxDocs=44218)
            0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=5918)
      0.13667993 = weight(abstract_txt:translation in 5918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.13667993 = score(doc=5918,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.1416504 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.3493944 = boost
            6.1754265 = idf(docFreq=249, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.9649104 = fieldWeight in 5918, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.1754265 = idf(docFreq=249, maxDocs=44218)
            0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=5918)
      0.15610649 = weight(abstract_txt:french in 5918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.15610649 = score(doc=5918,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.15477303 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.4105148 = boost
            6.45514 = idf(docFreq=188, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          1.0086156 = fieldWeight in 5918, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.45514 = idf(docFreq=188, maxDocs=44218)
            0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=5918)
      0.14401385 = weight(abstract_txt:examples in 5918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.14401385 = score(doc=5918,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.18479666 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.1796768 = boost
            4.9875827 = idf(docFreq=819, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.7793098 = fieldWeight in 5918, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.9875827 = idf(docFreq=819, maxDocs=44218)
            0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=5918)
    0.16 = coord(4/25)
  2. Hodgson, J.P.E.: Knowledge representation and language in AI (1991) 0.08 
    0.08315417 = sum of:
  0.08315417 = product of:
    0.41577086 = sum of:
      0.032418538 = weight(abstract_txt:languages in 1529) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.032418538 = score(doc=1529,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.0999778 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.1336573 = boost
            5.188118 = idf(docFreq=670, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.32425737 = fieldWeight in 1529, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.188118 = idf(docFreq=670, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1529)
      0.04212469 = weight(abstract_txt:cases in 1529) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.04212469 = score(doc=1529,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.11905082 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2370756 = boost
            5.6614056 = idf(docFreq=417, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.35383785 = fieldWeight in 1529, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.6614056 = idf(docFreq=417, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1529)
      0.02799291 = weight(abstract_txt:about in 1529) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.02799291 = score(doc=1529,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.11422206 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.7136416 = boost
            3.9211915 = idf(docFreq=2381, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.24507447 = fieldWeight in 1529, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            3.9211915 = idf(docFreq=2381, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1529)
      0.05760554 = weight(abstract_txt:examples in 1529) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.05760554 = score(doc=1529,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.18479666 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.1796768 = boost
            4.9875827 = idf(docFreq=819, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.31172392 = fieldWeight in 1529, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.9875827 = idf(docFreq=819, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1529)
      0.25562918 = weight(abstract_txt:reasoning in 1529) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.25562918 = score(doc=1529,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.453397 = queryWeight, product of:
            4.1814795 = boost
            6.378767 = idf(docFreq=203, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.5638087 = fieldWeight in 1529, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            6.378767 = idf(docFreq=203, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1529)
    0.2 = coord(5/25)
  3. Oard, D.W.: Alternative approaches for cross-language text retrieval (1997) 0.08 
    0.082816675 = sum of:
  0.082816675 = product of:
    0.25880212 = sum of:
      0.019667221 = weight(abstract_txt:application in 1164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.019667221 = score(doc=1164,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.0777929 = queryWeight, product of:
            4.5764427 = idf(docFreq=1236, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.25281513 = fieldWeight in 1164, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            4.5764427 = idf(docFreq=1236, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1164)
      0.035094097 = weight(abstract_txt:languages in 1164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.035094097 = score(doc=1164,freq=3.0), product of:
          0.0999778 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.1336573 = boost
            5.188118 = idf(docFreq=670, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.3510189 = fieldWeight in 1164, product of:
            1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
              3.0 = termFreq=3.0
            5.188118 = idf(docFreq=670, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1164)
      0.02428059 = weight(abstract_txt:here in 1164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.02428059 = score(doc=1164,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.1127961 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2041402 = boost
            5.510679 = idf(docFreq=485, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.2152609 = fieldWeight in 1164, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.510679 = idf(docFreq=485, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1164)
      0.025132574 = weight(abstract_txt:english in 1164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.025132574 = score(doc=1164,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.115419514 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2180628 = boost
            5.574394 = idf(docFreq=455, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.21774977 = fieldWeight in 1164, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.574394 = idf(docFreq=455, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1164)
      0.02976548 = weight(abstract_txt:kind in 1164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.02976548 = score(doc=1164,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.1292002 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2887291 = boost
            5.8977947 = idf(docFreq=329, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.2303826 = fieldWeight in 1164, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.8977947 = idf(docFreq=329, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1164)
      0.068339966 = weight(abstract_txt:translation in 1164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.068339966 = score(doc=1164,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.1416504 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.3493944 = boost
            6.1754265 = idf(docFreq=249, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.4824552 = fieldWeight in 1164, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            6.1754265 = idf(docFreq=249, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1164)
      0.03902662 = weight(abstract_txt:french in 1164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.03902662 = score(doc=1164,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.15477303 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.4105148 = boost
            6.45514 = idf(docFreq=188, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.2521539 = fieldWeight in 1164, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.45514 = idf(docFreq=188, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1164)
      0.017495569 = weight(abstract_txt:about in 1164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.017495569 = score(doc=1164,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.11422206 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.7136416 = boost
            3.9211915 = idf(docFreq=2381, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.15317154 = fieldWeight in 1164, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            3.9211915 = idf(docFreq=2381, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1164)
    0.32 = coord(8/25)
  4. Classification Research Group: ¬The need for a faceted classification as the basis of all methods of information retrieval (1985) 0.08 
    0.08125439 = sum of:
  0.08125439 = product of:
    0.33856 = sum of:
      0.042094745 = weight(abstract_txt:kind in 3640) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.042094745 = score(doc=3640,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.1292002 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2887291 = boost
            5.8977947 = idf(docFreq=329, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.3258102 = fieldWeight in 3640, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            5.8977947 = idf(docFreq=329, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3640)
      0.051316243 = weight(abstract_txt:modes in 3640) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.051316243 = score(doc=3640,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.18576242 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.5452863 = boost
            7.071914 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.27624664 = fieldWeight in 3640, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            7.071914 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3640)
      0.017495569 = weight(abstract_txt:about in 3640) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.017495569 = score(doc=3640,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.11422206 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.7136416 = boost
            3.9211915 = idf(docFreq=2381, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.15317154 = fieldWeight in 3640, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            3.9211915 = idf(docFreq=2381, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3640)
      0.03082789 = weight(abstract_txt:most in 3640) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.03082789 = score(doc=3640,freq=3.0), product of:
          0.11553673 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.7234752 = boost
            3.943693 = idf(docFreq=2328, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.2668233 = fieldWeight in 3640, product of:
            1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
              3.0 = termFreq=3.0
            3.943693 = idf(docFreq=2328, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3640)
      0.08385232 = weight(abstract_txt:deductive in 3640) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.08385232 = score(doc=3640,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.25771004 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.8201019 = boost
            8.329592 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.32537466 = fieldWeight in 3640, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            8.329592 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3640)
      0.1129732 = weight(abstract_txt:reasoning in 3640) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.1129732 = score(doc=3640,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.453397 = queryWeight, product of:
            4.1814795 = boost
            6.378767 = idf(docFreq=203, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.24917059 = fieldWeight in 3640, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.378767 = idf(docFreq=203, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3640)
    0.24 = coord(6/25)
  5. Evens, M.W.: Natural language interface for an expert system (2002) 0.08 
    0.08042239 = sum of:
  0.08042239 = product of:
    0.3350933 = sum of:
      0.046577744 = weight(abstract_txt:natural in 3719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.046577744 = score(doc=3719,freq=6.0), product of:
          0.09583478 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.1099198 = boost
            5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.4860213 = fieldWeight in 3719, product of:
            2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
              6.0 = termFreq=6.0
            5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3719)
      0.020261586 = weight(abstract_txt:languages in 3719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.020261586 = score(doc=3719,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.0999778 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.1336573 = boost
            5.188118 = idf(docFreq=670, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.20266086 = fieldWeight in 3719, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.188118 = idf(docFreq=670, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3719)
      0.025132574 = weight(abstract_txt:english in 3719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.025132574 = score(doc=3719,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.115419514 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2180628 = boost
            5.574394 = idf(docFreq=455, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.21774977 = fieldWeight in 3719, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.574394 = idf(docFreq=455, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3719)
      0.029950505 = weight(abstract_txt:give in 3719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.029950505 = score(doc=3719,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.12973507 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2913939 = boost
            5.90999 = idf(docFreq=325, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.23085898 = fieldWeight in 3719, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.90999 = idf(docFreq=325, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3719)
      0.017495569 = weight(abstract_txt:about in 3719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.017495569 = score(doc=3719,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.11422206 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.7136416 = boost
            3.9211915 = idf(docFreq=2381, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.15317154 = fieldWeight in 3719, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            3.9211915 = idf(docFreq=2381, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3719)
      0.19567531 = weight(abstract_txt:reasoning in 3719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.19567531 = score(doc=3719,freq=3.0), product of:
          0.453397 = queryWeight, product of:
            4.1814795 = boost
            6.378767 = idf(docFreq=203, maxDocs=44218)
            0.016998552 = queryNorm
          0.4315761 = fieldWeight in 3719, product of:
            1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
              3.0 = termFreq=3.0
            6.378767 = idf(docFreq=203, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3719)
    0.24 = coord(6/25)