Document (#27220)

Author

Foster, A.

Title

¬A nonlinear model of information-seeking behavior

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 55(2004) no.3, S.228-237

Year

2004

Abstract

This paper offers a new, nonlinear model of information seeking behavior, which contrasts with earlier stage models of information behavior and represents a potential cornerstone for a shift toward a new perspective for understanding user information behavior. The model is based an the findings of a study an interdisciplinary information-seeking behavior. The study followed a naturalistic inquiry approach using interviews of 45 academics. The interview results were inductively analyzed and an alternative framework for understanding information-seeking behavior was developed. This model illustrates three core processes and three levels of contextual interaction, each composed of several individual activities and attributes. These interact dynamically through time in a nonlinear manner. The behavioral patterns are analogous to an artist's palette, in which activities remain available throughout the course of information-seeking. In viewing the processes in this way, neither start nor finish points are fixed, and each process may be repeated or lead to any other until either the query or context determine that information-seeking can end. The interactivity and shifts described by the model show information-seeking to be nonlinear, dynamic, holistic, and flowing. The paper offers four main implications of the model as it applies to existing theory and models, requirements for future research, and the development of information literacy curricula. Central to these implications is the creation of a new nonlinear perspective from which user information-seeking can be interpreted.

Similar documents (author)

1. Foster, W.: OPAC design : a library school perspective (1988) 5.25

   5.2506566 = sum of:
     5.2506566 = weight(author_txt:foster in 890) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.2506566 = fieldWeight in 890, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.401051 = idf(docFreq=26, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=890)
   

2. Foster, J.: Collaborative information seeking and retrieval (2006) 5.25

   5.2506566 = sum of:
     5.2506566 = weight(author_txt:foster in 4321) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.2506566 = fieldWeight in 4321, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.401051 = idf(docFreq=26, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4321)
   

3. Foster, W.: Information retrieval : towards the multimedia network (1993) 5.25

   5.2506566 = sum of:
     5.2506566 = weight(author_txt:foster in 6715) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.2506566 = fieldWeight in 6715, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.401051 = idf(docFreq=26, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=6715)
   

4. Foster, A.: Why is the Internet important for business information professionals? (1994) 5.25

   5.2506566 = sum of:
     5.2506566 = weight(author_txt:foster in 7232) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.2506566 = fieldWeight in 7232, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.401051 = idf(docFreq=26, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=7232)
   

5. Foster, A.: Using the Internet for business information (1994) 5.25

   5.2506566 = sum of:
     5.2506566 = weight(author_txt:foster in 3126) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.2506566 = fieldWeight in 3126, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.401051 = idf(docFreq=26, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3126)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Savolainen, R.: Modeling the interplay of information seeking and information sharing (2019) 0.42

   0.42222375 = sum of:
     0.42222375 = product of:
       0.87963283 = sum of:
         0.016235389 = weight(abstract_txt:each in 5498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016235389 = score(doc=5498,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.063069314 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0882105 = boost
               4.118742 = idf(docFreq=1954, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.25742137 = fieldWeight in 5498, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.118742 = idf(docFreq=1954, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5498)
         0.008648526 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 5498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.008648526 = score(doc=5498,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.04744256 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1559353 = boost
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.18229467 = fieldWeight in 5498, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5498)
         0.020013005 = weight(abstract_txt:three in 5498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020013005 = score(doc=5498,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07250776 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1667991 = boost
               4.41619 = idf(docFreq=1451, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.27601188 = fieldWeight in 5498, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.41619 = idf(docFreq=1451, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5498)
         0.020916156 = weight(abstract_txt:implications in 5498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020916156 = score(doc=5498,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07467311 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1840934 = boost
               4.481647 = idf(docFreq=1359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.28010294 = fieldWeight in 5498, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.481647 = idf(docFreq=1359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5498)
         0.021687023 = weight(abstract_txt:understanding in 5498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021687023 = score(doc=5498,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07649674 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1984649 = boost
               4.5360413 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.28350258 = fieldWeight in 5498, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5360413 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5498)
         0.02323619 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 5498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02323619 = score(doc=5498,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.080097616 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2263477 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.2900984 = fieldWeight in 5498, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5498)
         0.05208929 = weight(abstract_txt:activities in 5498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05208929 = score(doc=5498,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.095126495 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3364557 = boost
               5.0583196 = idf(docFreq=763, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.54757917 = fieldWeight in 5498, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.0583196 = idf(docFreq=763, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5498)
         0.03304907 = weight(abstract_txt:perspective in 5498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03304907 = score(doc=5498,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.101301484 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3791507 = boost
               5.219915 = idf(docFreq=649, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.32624468 = fieldWeight in 5498, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.219915 = idf(docFreq=649, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5498)
         0.044154868 = weight(abstract_txt:model in 5498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.044154868 = score(doc=5498,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1772294 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1596017 = boost
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.24913962 = fieldWeight in 5498, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5498)
         0.074767284 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 5498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.074767284 = score(doc=5498,freq=17.0), product of:
             0.11984556 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5180025 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.6238636 = fieldWeight in 5498, product of:
               4.1231055 = tf(freq=17.0), with freq of:
                 17.0 = termFreq=17.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5498)
         0.19707617 = weight(abstract_txt:behavior in 5498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19707617 = score(doc=5498,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.30265844 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.1289616 = boost
               5.2092032 = idf(docFreq=656, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.6511504 = fieldWeight in 5498, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.2092032 = idf(docFreq=656, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5498)
         0.3677598 = weight(abstract_txt:seeking in 5498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.3677598 = score(doc=5498,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.38532302 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.3795543 = boost
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.9544195 = fieldWeight in 5498, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5498)
       0.48 = coord(12/25)
   

2. Lavranos, C.; Kostagiolas, P.A.; Martzoukou, K.; Papadatos, J.: Music information seeking behaviour as motivator for musical creativity : conceptual analysis and literature review (2015) 0.28

   0.28055918 = sum of:
     0.28055918 = product of:
       0.6376345 = sum of:
         0.011234764 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 2323) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011234764 = score(doc=2323,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.04744256 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1559353 = boost
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.23680772 = fieldWeight in 2323, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2323)
         0.021226995 = weight(abstract_txt:three in 2323) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021226995 = score(doc=2323,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07250776 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1667991 = boost
               4.41619 = idf(docFreq=1451, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.2927548 = fieldWeight in 2323, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.41619 = idf(docFreq=1451, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2323)
         0.015687117 = weight(abstract_txt:implications in 2323) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015687117 = score(doc=2323,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07467311 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1840934 = boost
               4.481647 = idf(docFreq=1359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.2100772 = fieldWeight in 2323, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.481647 = idf(docFreq=1359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2323)
         0.016265268 = weight(abstract_txt:understanding in 2323) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016265268 = score(doc=2323,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07649674 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1984649 = boost
               4.5360413 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.21262693 = fieldWeight in 2323, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5360413 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2323)
         0.017427143 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 2323) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017427143 = score(doc=2323,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.080097616 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2263477 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.21757379 = fieldWeight in 2323, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2323)
         0.022555323 = weight(abstract_txt:activities in 2323) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022555323 = score(doc=2323,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.095126495 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3364557 = boost
               5.0583196 = idf(docFreq=763, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.23710874 = fieldWeight in 2323, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.0583196 = idf(docFreq=763, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2323)
         0.023765808 = weight(abstract_txt:offers in 2323) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023765808 = score(doc=2323,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.098500215 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3599484 = boost
               5.1472363 = idf(docFreq=698, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.24127671 = fieldWeight in 2323, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1472363 = idf(docFreq=698, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2323)
         0.024786802 = weight(abstract_txt:perspective in 2323) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024786802 = score(doc=2323,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.101301484 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3791507 = boost
               5.219915 = idf(docFreq=649, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.2446835 = fieldWeight in 2323, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.219915 = idf(docFreq=649, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2323)
         0.074049965 = weight(abstract_txt:model in 2323) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.074049965 = score(doc=2323,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.1772294 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1596017 = boost
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.41781986 = fieldWeight in 2323, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2323)
         0.06662758 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 2323) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06662758 = score(doc=2323,freq=24.0), product of:
             0.11984556 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5180025 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.5559453 = fieldWeight in 2323, product of:
               4.8989797 = tf(freq=24.0), with freq of:
                 24.0 = termFreq=24.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2323)
         0.3440078 = weight(abstract_txt:seeking in 2323) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.3440078 = score(doc=2323,freq=14.0), product of:
             0.38532302 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.3795543 = boost
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.8927777 = fieldWeight in 2323, product of:
               3.7416575 = tf(freq=14.0), with freq of:
                 14.0 = termFreq=14.0
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2323)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)
   

3. Heinström, J.: Fast surfing, broad scanning and deep diving : the influence of personality and study approach on students' information-seeking behavior (2005) 0.24

   0.23639706 = sum of:
     0.23639706 = product of:
       0.6566585 = sum of:
         0.008648526 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 4400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.008648526 = score(doc=4400,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.04744256 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1559353 = boost
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.18229467 = fieldWeight in 4400, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4400)
         0.03466354 = weight(abstract_txt:three in 4400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03466354 = score(doc=4400,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.07250776 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1667991 = boost
               4.41619 = idf(docFreq=1451, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.4780666 = fieldWeight in 4400, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.41619 = idf(docFreq=1451, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4400)
         0.020916156 = weight(abstract_txt:implications in 4400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020916156 = score(doc=4400,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07467311 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1840934 = boost
               4.481647 = idf(docFreq=1359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.28010294 = fieldWeight in 4400, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.481647 = idf(docFreq=1359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4400)
         0.021687023 = weight(abstract_txt:understanding in 4400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021687023 = score(doc=4400,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07649674 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1984649 = boost
               4.5360413 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.28350258 = fieldWeight in 4400, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5360413 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4400)
         0.03304907 = weight(abstract_txt:perspective in 4400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03304907 = score(doc=4400,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.101301484 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3791507 = boost
               5.219915 = idf(docFreq=649, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.32624468 = fieldWeight in 4400, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.219915 = idf(docFreq=649, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4400)
         0.044154868 = weight(abstract_txt:model in 4400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.044154868 = score(doc=4400,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1772294 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1596017 = boost
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.24913962 = fieldWeight in 4400, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4400)
         0.05128993 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 4400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05128993 = score(doc=4400,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.11984556 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5180025 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.4279669 = fieldWeight in 4400, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4400)
         0.19707617 = weight(abstract_txt:behavior in 4400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19707617 = score(doc=4400,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.30265844 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.1289616 = boost
               5.2092032 = idf(docFreq=656, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.6511504 = fieldWeight in 4400, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.2092032 = idf(docFreq=656, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4400)
         0.24517319 = weight(abstract_txt:seeking in 4400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24517319 = score(doc=4400,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.38532302 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.3795543 = boost
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.63627964 = fieldWeight in 4400, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4400)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

4. Foster, A.; Urquhart, C.: Modelling nonlinear information behaviour : transferability and progression (2012) 0.23

   0.2277505 = sum of:
     0.2277505 = product of:
       0.9489604 = sum of:
         0.020916156 = weight(abstract_txt:implications in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020916156 = score(doc=645,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07467311 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1840934 = boost
               4.481647 = idf(docFreq=1359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.28010294 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.481647 = idf(docFreq=1359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.031452056 = weight(abstract_txt:processes in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.031452056 = score(doc=645,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.098011196 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3565683 = boost
               5.1344433 = idf(docFreq=707, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.3209027 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1344433 = idf(docFreq=707, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.1324646 = weight(abstract_txt:model in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1324646 = score(doc=645,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.1772294 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1596017 = boost
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.7474189 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.03626746 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03626746 = score(doc=645,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.11984556 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5180025 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.3026183 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.21232621 = weight(abstract_txt:seeking in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21232621 = score(doc=645,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.38532302 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.3795543 = boost
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.55103433 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.5155339 = weight(abstract_txt:nonlinear in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.5155339 = score(doc=645,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.68126774 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.6550016 = boost
               8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.75672734 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

5. Whitmire, E.: Undergraduates' information seeking behavior : the role of epistemological development theories and models (1999) 0.23

   0.22672905 = sum of:
     0.22672905 = product of:
       0.7085283 = sum of:
         0.0108106565 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 599) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0108106565 = score(doc=599,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.04744256 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1559353 = boost
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.22786833 = fieldWeight in 599, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=599)
         0.02710878 = weight(abstract_txt:understanding in 599) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02710878 = score(doc=599,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07649674 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1984649 = boost
               4.5360413 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.35437822 = fieldWeight in 599, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5360413 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=599)
         0.05809048 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 599) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05809048 = score(doc=599,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.080097616 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2263477 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.725246 = fieldWeight in 599, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=599)
         0.03931507 = weight(abstract_txt:processes in 599) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03931507 = score(doc=599,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.098011196 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3565683 = boost
               5.1344433 = idf(docFreq=707, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.40112838 = fieldWeight in 599, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1344433 = idf(docFreq=707, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=599)
         0.055193584 = weight(abstract_txt:model in 599) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.055193584 = score(doc=599,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1772294 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1596017 = boost
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.31142452 = fieldWeight in 599, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=599)
         0.039260678 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 599) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.039260678 = score(doc=599,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.11984556 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5180025 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.32759392 = fieldWeight in 599, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=599)
         0.21334122 = weight(abstract_txt:behavior in 599) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21334122 = score(doc=599,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.30265844 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.1289616 = boost
               5.2092032 = idf(docFreq=656, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.704891 = fieldWeight in 599, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.2092032 = idf(docFreq=656, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=599)
         0.26540777 = weight(abstract_txt:seeking in 599) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.26540777 = score(doc=599,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.38532302 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.3795543 = boost
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014071508 = queryNorm
             0.68879294 = fieldWeight in 599, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.090237 = idf(docFreq=739, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=599)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)