Document (#27755)

Author

Campos, L.M.
Fernez-Luna, J.M.
Huste, J.

Title

Managing documents with Bayesian belief networks : a brief survey of applications and models

Source

Challenges in knowledge representation and organization for the 21st century: Integration of knowledge across boundaries. Proceedings of the 7th ISKO International Conference Granada, Spain, July 10-13, 2002. Ed.: M. López-Huertas

Imprint

Würzburg : Ergon Verlag

Year

2003

Pages

S.443-449

Series

Advances in knowledge organization; vol.8

Abstract

Belief networks are very appropriate tools to deal with uncertainty. They have been successfully applied to different environments. Information Retrieval has been one of these fields, where this propery (uncertainty) is a very important feature, which has not been well managed by the classical models. In this paper, we present a brief overview of the different applications found in the specialised literature where these graphical models have been used to solve specific problems or to design complete Information Retrieval Models. 1. Introduction The entire Information Retrieval (IR) cycle may be classified as an uncertain process because (Turtle & Croft, 1997): (1) The construction of the representations of documents and queries gives as a result incomplete characterisations, in the form of a set of terms. (2) The submitted query is just a vague description of the users' information need. (3) The computation of the relevance degree of each document with respect to the query inherits the previous uncertainty sources, but also presents the problems that can cause the different representations that a concept may have, as well as, that these concepts are not independent among them. Probabilistic models (Crestani et al., 1998) tried to solve these problems although they have some limitations to overcome them. The development of Belief Networks and their applications to actual problems, with good results, caused that several researchers in the field of IR focused their attention an them. They realised that these kind of networks could be adequate models to be employed in IR, specially designed to work with a high performance in environments in which uncertainty is a very important feature, as the case of IR is. Also, because they can properly represent the relationships among variables.

Similar documents (author)

1. Campos, L.M. de; Fernández-Luna, J.M.; Huete, J.F.: Using context information in structured document retrieval : an approach based on influence diagrams (2004) 4.02

   4.0219097 = sum of:
     4.0219097 = sum of:
       1.7476312 = weight(author_txt:campos in 2804) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.7476312 = score(doc=2804,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.64272153 = queryWeight, product of:
             8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
             0.07386623 = queryNorm
           2.719111 = fieldWeight in 2804, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
             0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=2804)
       2.2742784 = weight(author_txt:luna in 2804) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         2.2742784 = score(doc=2804,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.76609993 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.0917703 = boost
             9.499662 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44218)
             0.07386623 = queryNorm
           2.9686446 = fieldWeight in 2804, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             9.499662 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44218)
             0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=2804)
   

2. Campos, L.M. de; Fernández-Luna, J.M.; Huete, J.F.: Implementing relevance feedback in the Bayesian network retrieval model (2003) 4.02

   4.0219097 = sum of:
     4.0219097 = sum of:
       1.7476312 = weight(author_txt:campos in 825) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.7476312 = score(doc=825,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.64272153 = queryWeight, product of:
             8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
             0.07386623 = queryNorm
           2.719111 = fieldWeight in 825, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
             0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=825)
       2.2742784 = weight(author_txt:luna in 825) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         2.2742784 = score(doc=825,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.76609993 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.0917703 = boost
             9.499662 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44218)
             0.07386623 = queryNorm
           2.9686446 = fieldWeight in 825, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             9.499662 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44218)
             0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=825)
   

3. Campos, L.M. de; Fernández-Luna, J.M.; Huete, J.F.; Martín-Dancausa, C.J.: Managing structured queries in probabilistic XML retrieval systems (2010) 3.22

   3.2175276 = sum of:
     3.2175276 = sum of:
       1.3981049 = weight(author_txt:campos in 4237) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.3981049 = score(doc=4237,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.64272153 = queryWeight, product of:
             8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
             0.07386623 = queryNorm
           2.1752887 = fieldWeight in 4237, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
             0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=4237)
       1.8194227 = weight(author_txt:luna in 4237) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.8194227 = score(doc=4237,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.76609993 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.0917703 = boost
             9.499662 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44218)
             0.07386623 = queryNorm
           2.3749156 = fieldWeight in 4237, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             9.499662 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44218)
             0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=4237)
   

4. Reyes, L. Luna- => Luna-Reyes, L.: 1.93

   1.9297892 = sum of:
     1.9297892 = product of:
       3.8595784 = sum of:
         3.8595784 = weight(author_txt:luna in 857) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.8595784 = score(doc=857,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.76609993 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0917703 = boost
               9.499662 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44218)
               0.07386623 = queryNorm
             5.0379567 = fieldWeight in 857, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.499662 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=857)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

5. Campos, F.: Standards: bibliographic and encoding (1992) 1.75

   1.7476312 = sum of:
     1.7476312 = product of:
       3.4952624 = sum of:
         3.4952624 = weight(author_txt:campos in 3657) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.4952624 = score(doc=3657,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.64272153 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
               0.07386623 = queryNorm
             5.438222 = fieldWeight in 3657, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3657)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Kelly, D.: Implicit feedback : using behavior to infer relevance (2005) 0.31

   0.30620047 = sum of:
     0.30620047 = product of:
       0.5888471 = sum of:
         0.024729218 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024729218 = score(doc=645,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11097661 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.22283271 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.011314711 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011314711 = score(doc=645,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.05756472 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0185386 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.19655634 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.020493696 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020493696 = score(doc=645,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08895939 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0965433 = boost
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.23037136 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.043440815 = weight(abstract_txt:environments in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043440815 = score(doc=645,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16156842 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2065978 = boost
               5.735882 = idf(docFreq=387, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.26886946 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.735882 = idf(docFreq=387, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.08192136 = weight(abstract_txt:feature in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08192136 = score(doc=645,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.17099452 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.241296 = boost
               5.9008293 = idf(docFreq=328, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.47908765 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.9008293 = idf(docFreq=328, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.020255493 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020255493 = score(doc=645,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.06892875 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2461046 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.29386133 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.0262428 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0262428 = score(doc=645,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.100863546 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3482375 = boost
               3.2046018 = idf(docFreq=4876, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.26018122 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.2046018 = idf(docFreq=4876, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.0368249 = weight(abstract_txt:applications in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0368249 = score(doc=645,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16565937 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4963663 = boost
               4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.2222929 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.021796236 = weight(abstract_txt:been in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021796236 = score(doc=645,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12853523 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5219849 = boost
               3.617579 = idf(docFreq=3226, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.16957402 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.617579 = idf(docFreq=3226, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.054376967 = weight(abstract_txt:they in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.054376967 = score(doc=645,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.13826783 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5785555 = boost
               3.7520406 = idf(docFreq=2820, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.39327273 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.7520406 = idf(docFreq=2820, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.032300245 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032300245 = score(doc=645,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.12478661 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6766341 = boost
               3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.25884384 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.14609262 = weight(abstract_txt:belief in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14609262 = score(doc=645,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.41515198 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3688276 = boost
               7.5072327 = idf(docFreq=65, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.35190153 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.5072327 = idf(docFreq=65, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.06905808 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06905808 = score(doc=645,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.31740075 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.929199 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.21757379 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
       0.52 = coord(13/25)
   

2. Correa, C.A.; Kobashi, N.Y.: ¬A hybrid model of automatic indexing based on paraconsitent logic 0.30

   0.2990582 = sum of:
     0.2990582 = product of:
       0.7476455 = sum of:
         0.021775171 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 3537) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021775171 = score(doc=3537,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.05756472 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0185386 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.37827286 = fieldWeight in 3537, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3537)
         0.03415616 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 3537) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03415616 = score(doc=3537,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08895939 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0965433 = boost
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.38395226 = fieldWeight in 3537, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3537)
         0.028342469 = weight(abstract_txt:different in 3537) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028342469 = score(doc=3537,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.098972425 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1566103 = boost
               3.6655018 = idf(docFreq=3075, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.28636733 = fieldWeight in 3537, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6655018 = idf(docFreq=3075, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3537)
         0.025519524 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3537) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025519524 = score(doc=3537,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.06892875 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2461046 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.3702305 = fieldWeight in 3537, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3537)
         0.014981911 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 3537) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014981911 = score(doc=3537,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.076715566 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3146073 = boost
               2.4997334 = idf(docFreq=9868, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.19529167 = fieldWeight in 3537, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4997334 = idf(docFreq=9868, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3537)
         0.025252147 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 3537) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025252147 = score(doc=3537,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.100863546 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3482375 = boost
               3.2046018 = idf(docFreq=4876, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.2503595 = fieldWeight in 3537, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.2046018 = idf(docFreq=4876, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3537)
         0.040530194 = weight(abstract_txt:they in 3537) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.040530194 = score(doc=3537,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13826783 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5785555 = boost
               3.7520406 = idf(docFreq=2820, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.29312816 = fieldWeight in 3537, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.7520406 = idf(docFreq=2820, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3537)
         0.031080926 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 3537) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.031080926 = score(doc=3537,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12478661 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6766341 = boost
               3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.24907261 = fieldWeight in 3537, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3537)
         0.36323553 = weight(abstract_txt:uncertainty in 3537) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.36323553 = score(doc=3537,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.47349736 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9211783 = boost
               6.943297 = idf(docFreq=115, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.7671332 = fieldWeight in 3537, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.943297 = idf(docFreq=115, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3537)
         0.16277148 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 3537) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16277148 = score(doc=3537,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.31740075 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.929199 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.5128264 = fieldWeight in 3537, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3537)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

3. Chowdhury, S.; Gibb, F.: Relationship among activities and problems causing uncertainty in information seeking and retrieval (2009) 0.30

   0.29706374 = sum of:
     0.29706374 = product of:
       0.74265933 = sum of:
         0.025300466 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 2844) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025300466 = score(doc=2844,freq=15.0), product of:
             0.05756472 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0185386 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.4395134 = fieldWeight in 2844, product of:
               3.8729835 = tf(freq=15.0), with freq of:
                 15.0 = termFreq=15.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2844)
         0.026452243 = weight(abstract_txt:because in 2844) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.026452243 = score(doc=2844,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11607344 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0227058 = boost
               4.8617024 = idf(docFreq=929, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.22789231 = fieldWeight in 2844, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.8617024 = idf(docFreq=929, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2844)
         0.014491231 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 2844) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014491231 = score(doc=2844,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08895939 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0965433 = boost
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.16289715 = fieldWeight in 2844, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2844)
         0.024049383 = weight(abstract_txt:different in 2844) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024049383 = score(doc=2844,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.098972425 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1566103 = boost
               3.6655018 = idf(docFreq=3075, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.24299073 = fieldWeight in 2844, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.6655018 = idf(docFreq=3075, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2844)
         0.022967571 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2844) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022967571 = score(doc=2844,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.06892875 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2461046 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.33320743 = fieldWeight in 2844, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2844)
         0.017978294 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 2844) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017978294 = score(doc=2844,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.076715566 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3146073 = boost
               2.4997334 = idf(docFreq=9868, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.23435001 = fieldWeight in 2844, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.4997334 = idf(docFreq=9868, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2844)
         0.021427156 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 2844) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021427156 = score(doc=2844,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.100863546 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3482375 = boost
               3.2046018 = idf(docFreq=4876, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.21243708 = fieldWeight in 2844, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.2046018 = idf(docFreq=4876, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2844)
         0.024318118 = weight(abstract_txt:they in 2844) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024318118 = score(doc=2844,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13826783 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5785555 = boost
               3.7520406 = idf(docFreq=2820, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.1758769 = fieldWeight in 2844, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.7520406 = idf(docFreq=2820, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2844)
         0.10335149 = weight(abstract_txt:problems in 2844) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10335149 = score(doc=2844,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.18139097 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8080362 = boost
               4.297489 = idf(docFreq=1634, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.56977195 = fieldWeight in 2844, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               4.297489 = idf(docFreq=1634, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2844)
         0.46232337 = weight(abstract_txt:uncertainty in 2844) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.46232337 = score(doc=2844,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.47349736 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9211783 = boost
               6.943297 = idf(docFreq=115, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.97640115 = fieldWeight in 2844, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               6.943297 = idf(docFreq=115, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2844)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

4. Donahue, J.; Hendricks, L.A.; Guadarrama, S.; Rohrbach, M.; Venugopalan, S.; Saenko, K.; Darrell, T.: Long-term recurrent convolutional networks for visual recognition and description (2014) 0.27

   0.26615974 = sum of:
     0.26615974 = product of:
       0.6653993 = sum of:
         0.019321643 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 1873) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019321643 = score(doc=1873,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08895939 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0965433 = boost
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.21719621 = fieldWeight in 1873, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1873)
         0.014436022 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1873) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014436022 = score(doc=1873,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.06892875 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2461046 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.20943399 = fieldWeight in 1873, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1873)
         0.06651301 = weight(abstract_txt:representations in 1873) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06651301 = score(doc=1873,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17717525 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2635307 = boost
               6.006528 = idf(docFreq=295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.375408 = fieldWeight in 1873, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.006528 = idf(docFreq=295, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1873)
         0.011985529 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 1873) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011985529 = score(doc=1873,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.076715566 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3146073 = boost
               2.4997334 = idf(docFreq=9868, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.15623334 = fieldWeight in 1873, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4997334 = idf(docFreq=9868, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1873)
         0.0349904 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 1873) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0349904 = score(doc=1873,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.100863546 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3482375 = boost
               3.2046018 = idf(docFreq=4876, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.3469083 = fieldWeight in 1873, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.2046018 = idf(docFreq=4876, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1873)
         0.056160286 = weight(abstract_txt:they in 1873) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.056160286 = score(doc=1873,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.13826783 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5785555 = boost
               3.7520406 = idf(docFreq=2820, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.4061703 = fieldWeight in 1873, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.7520406 = idf(docFreq=2820, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1873)
         0.02486474 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 1873) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02486474 = score(doc=1873,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12478661 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6766341 = boost
               3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.19925809 = fieldWeight in 1873, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1873)
         0.04872036 = weight(abstract_txt:problems in 1873) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04872036 = score(doc=1873,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18139097 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8080362 = boost
               4.297489 = idf(docFreq=1634, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.26859307 = fieldWeight in 1873, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.297489 = idf(docFreq=1634, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1873)
         0.08302099 = weight(abstract_txt:networks in 1873) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08302099 = score(doc=1873,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25878194 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.159565 = boost
               5.133032 = idf(docFreq=708, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.3208145 = fieldWeight in 1873, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.133032 = idf(docFreq=708, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1873)
         0.30538636 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 1873) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.30538636 = score(doc=1873,freq=11.0), product of:
             0.31740075 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.929199 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.9621476 = fieldWeight in 1873, product of:
               3.3166249 = tf(freq=11.0), with freq of:
                 11.0 = termFreq=11.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1873)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

5. Ford, N.: Cognitive styles and virtual environments (2000) 0.26

   0.26191923 = sum of:
     0.26191923 = product of:
       0.595271 = sum of:
         0.015086281 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 4604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015086281 = score(doc=4604,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.05756472 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0185386 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.26207513 = fieldWeight in 4604, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4604)
         0.039272476 = weight(abstract_txt:different in 4604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.039272476 = score(doc=4604,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.098972425 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1566103 = boost
               3.6655018 = idf(docFreq=3075, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.39680222 = fieldWeight in 4604, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.6655018 = idf(docFreq=3075, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4604)
         0.081912786 = weight(abstract_txt:environments in 4604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.081912786 = score(doc=4604,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.16156842 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2065978 = boost
               5.735882 = idf(docFreq=387, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.5069851 = fieldWeight in 4604, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.735882 = idf(docFreq=387, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4604)
         0.014436022 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014436022 = score(doc=4604,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.06892875 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2461046 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.20943399 = fieldWeight in 4604, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4604)
         0.020201718 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 4604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020201718 = score(doc=4604,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.100863546 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3482375 = boost
               3.2046018 = idf(docFreq=4876, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.20028761 = fieldWeight in 4604, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.2046018 = idf(docFreq=4876, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4604)
         0.03644691 = weight(abstract_txt:them in 4604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03644691 = score(doc=4604,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1358114 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3548713 = boost
               4.293826 = idf(docFreq=1640, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.26836413 = fieldWeight in 4604, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.293826 = idf(docFreq=1640, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4604)
         0.029061645 = weight(abstract_txt:been in 4604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029061645 = score(doc=4604,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12853523 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5219849 = boost
               3.617579 = idf(docFreq=3226, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.22609869 = fieldWeight in 4604, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.617579 = idf(docFreq=3226, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4604)
         0.032424156 = weight(abstract_txt:they in 4604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032424156 = score(doc=4604,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13826783 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5785555 = boost
               3.7520406 = idf(docFreq=2820, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.23450254 = fieldWeight in 4604, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.7520406 = idf(docFreq=2820, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4604)
         0.02486474 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 4604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02486474 = score(doc=4604,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12478661 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6766341 = boost
               3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.19925809 = fieldWeight in 4604, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1881294 = idf(docFreq=4957, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4604)
         0.117409416 = weight(abstract_txt:networks in 4604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.117409416 = score(doc=4604,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.25878194 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.159565 = boost
               5.133032 = idf(docFreq=708, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.45370018 = fieldWeight in 4604, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.133032 = idf(docFreq=708, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4604)
         0.1841549 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 4604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1841549 = score(doc=4604,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.31740075 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.929199 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.023344994 = queryNorm
             0.5801968 = fieldWeight in 4604, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4604)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)