Document (#27898)

Title
Leseschwäche auf Chinesisch
Source
Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2004, H.11, S.8-9
Year
2004
Series
Hirnforschung
Abstract
Bei chinesischen Legasthenikern ist ein anderes Gehirnareal (rot) zu wenig aktiv als bei europäischen (grün). Legastheniker gibt es in allen Kulturen. Je nach Sprache und Schriftsystem scheinen allerdings andere Gehirnareale für die Lese- und Rechtschreibschwäche verantwortlich zu sein. Das hat jetzt ein Forscherteam um Li Hai Tan an der Universität Hong Kong herausgefunden. Mit Hilfe der funktionalen Magnetresonanztomografie untersuchte es sechzehn chinesische Kin dern, von denen acht Legastheniker waren. Bei Letzteren zeigte sich eine ungewöhnlich geringe Aktivität im linken Gyrus frontalis medialis (der mittleren Windung im linken Stirnlappen). Diese Gehirnregion trägt entscheidend dazu bei, grafische Symbole komplexen, bedeutungstragenden Lautfolgen (Morphemen) zuzuordnen. In der chinesischen Schrift ist das wichtig, weil es viele tausend Bildzeichen gibt, die jeweils für ein ganzes Wort stehen. In unserer lateinischen Schrift mit ihrem relativ kleinen Alphabet müssen dagegen zunächst nur Buchstaben erkannt und bedeutungsleeren Einzellauten (Phonemen) zugeordnet werden. Das geschieht primär in der linken temporo-parietalen Hirnrinde (dem Grenzbereich zwischen Scheitel- und Schläfenlappen). Bei Europäern mit Leseschwäche ist deshalb hauptsächlich diese Region betroffen. Die chinesischen Legastheniker zeigten hier dagegen keine Auffälligkeit.
Footnote
Vgl.: Nature, 2.9.2004, S. 71
Field
Kognitionswissenschaft

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