Document (#28141)

Author

Lohmann, I.

Title

Cognitive Mapping im Cyberpunk : Über Postmoderne und die Transformation eines für so gut wie tot erklärten Literaturgenres zum Bildungsmittel

Source

Wissensorganisation und Edutainment: Wissen im Spannungsfeld von Gesellschaft, Gestaltung und Industrie. Proceedings der 7. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Berlin, 21.-23.3.2001. Hrsg.: C. Lehner, H.P. Ohly u. G. Rahmstorf

Imprint

Würzburg : Ergon Verlag

Year

2004

Pages

S.54-64

Series

Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.7

Abstract

Cyberpunk als Teil der Science Fiction Literatur gibt es seit den achtziger Jahren. Als Klassiker des Genres gilt die Neuromanoer-Trlogie von William Gibson (1984, 1986, 1988). Gibson war einer der ersten, die randständig erscheinende Stränge der Popkultur in die SF-Literatur aufnahmen. CP galt deshalb als radikal, als eine Art Untergrundkultur. Neuere Cyberpunk Romane sind etwa Snow Crash (1992) und The Diamond Age (1995) von Neal Stephenson. Gibson und Stephenson sind US-Amerikaner; ihre Werke liegen auch in deutscher Übersetzung vor. In der zweiten Hälfte der neunziger Jahre wurden Stimmen laut, daß Cyberpunk schon längst wieder out ist (Leonard 1998). Achim Bühl faßt die CPSpezifika wie folgt zusammen. In der negativen Utopie der Cyberpunk Erzählungen dominiert das 'System' das Leben der 'einfachen Leute'. Das Systemische kann ein diktatorisches Regime, eine fundamentalistische Religion oder - wie bei William Gibson - die Herrschaft multinationaler, globaler Konzerne sein. Die Systeme sind zutiefst verkoppelt mit modernen Informationstechnologien [...]. Das Interface, die Direktverbindung zwischen menschlichem Gehirn und elektronischen Datenverarbeitungsanlagen, wird so zur Verkörperung systemischer Extension, der Mensch zum Bestandteil der Maschine [...]. Der Hacker, der die Rechner von Firmen und Institutionen durchstreift und versucht, elektronische Invasionsabwehrsysteme [...] zu durchbrechen, ist ein Söldner krimineller Subjekte, ein Teil der Maschine, drogensüchtig, physisch zerstört. Dies ist der 'Cyber'-Aspekt des Cyberpunks. Die Helden in den Erzählungen der Cyberpunk-Literaten kommen aus den marginalisierten Schichten des Technosystems, es sind Kriminelle, Ausgestossene, Abtrünnige, Drogensüchtige, Prostituierte, Hehler, Visionäre und Irre. Die Cyberpunk-Literaten richten den Blick ihrer Kameras auf die Straße, auf die Gosse, auf den Überlebenskampf, auf die Verliererseite des High-Tech. Ihre Figuren sind [...] häufig Speed-Freaks, beheimatet im Straßenmilieu der Halbwelt, Consolencowboys, welche versuchen, die Technomaschinerie für ihre Zwecke im Überlebenskampf auszunutzen [...]. Dies ist [...] der 'Punk'-Aspekt des Cyberpunks" (Bühl 1997, 140). Inzwischen ist CP längst über das literarische Genre hinaus zu einem einflußreichen Segment der Popkultur geworden, unter anderem im Film. Ridley Scotts Blade Runner (USA 1982) ist da nicht wegzudenken, außerdem Johnny Mnemonic (USA 1995), zu dem William Gibson das Drehbuch geschrieben hat, Andy und Lany Wachowskis The Matrix oder, in bestimmter Hinsicht, David Finchers Fight Club (beide USA 1999). Es gibt ein Rollenspiel namens Cyberpunk, das auf einem Mix von Elementen aus der Neuromanoer-Trilogie und dem Blade Runner basiert, und dieser Film wiederum dient als Vorlage für ein Computerspiel.

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