Document (#36239)

Author

Meij, E.
Trieschnigg, D.
Rijke, M. de
Kraaij, W.

Title

Conceptual language models for domain-specific retrieval

Source

Information processing and management. 46(2010) no.4, S.448-469

Year

2010

Abstract

Over the years, various meta-languages have been used to manually enrich documents with conceptual knowledge of some kind. Examples include keyword assignment to citations or, more recently, tags to websites. In this paper we propose generative concept models as an extension to query modeling within the language modeling framework, which leverages these conceptual annotations to improve retrieval. By means of relevance feedback the original query is translated into a conceptual representation, which is subsequently used to update the query model. Extensive experimental work on five test collections in two domains shows that our approach gives significant improvements in terms of recall, initial precision and mean average precision with respect to a baseline without relevance feedback. On one test collection, it is also able to outperform a text-based pseudo-relevance feedback approach based on relevance models. On the other test collections it performs similarly to relevance models. Overall, conceptual language models have the added advantage of offering query and browsing suggestions in the form of conceptual annotations. In addition, the internal structure of the meta-language can be exploited to add related terms. Our contributions are threefold. First, an extensive study is conducted on how to effectively translate a textual query into a conceptual representation. Second, we propose a method for updating a textual query model using the concepts in conceptual representation. Finally, we provide an extensive analysis of when and how this conceptual feedback improves retrieval.

Similar documents (author)

1. Meij, E.; Rijke, M. de: Thesaurus-based feedback to support mixed search and browsing environments (2007) 2.84

   2.8390388 = sum of:
     2.8390388 = product of:
       4.2585583 = sum of:
         1.8678389 = weight(author_txt:rijke in 2432) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.8678389 = score(doc=2432,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.49343112 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.05702847 = queryNorm
             3.7854095 = fieldWeight in 2432, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.4375 = fieldNorm(doc=2432)
         2.3907194 = weight(author_txt:meij in 2432) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.3907194 = score(doc=2432,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5816825 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0857497 = boost
               9.394302 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44218)
               0.05702847 = queryNorm
             4.1100073 = fieldWeight in 2432, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.394302 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44218)
               0.4375 = fieldNorm(doc=2432)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

2. He, J.; Meij, E.; Rijke, M. de: Result diversification based on query-specific cluster ranking (2011) 2.43

   2.433462 = sum of:
     2.433462 = product of:
       3.6501927 = sum of:
         1.6010047 = weight(author_txt:rijke in 4355) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.6010047 = score(doc=4355,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.49343112 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.05702847 = queryNorm
             3.2446368 = fieldWeight in 4355, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=4355)
         2.049188 = weight(author_txt:meij in 4355) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.049188 = score(doc=4355,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5816825 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0857497 = boost
               9.394302 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44218)
               0.05702847 = queryNorm
             3.5228634 = fieldWeight in 4355, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.394302 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=4355)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

3. Kraaij, W.; Pohlmann, R.: Evaluation of a Dutch stemming algorithm (1995) 1.07

   1.0675442 = sum of:
     1.0675442 = product of:
       3.2026327 = sum of:
         3.2026327 = weight(author_txt:kraaij in 5798) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.2026327 = score(doc=5798,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6466616 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1447885 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.05702847 = queryNorm
             4.952564 = fieldWeight in 5798, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=5798)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

4. Hiemstra, D.; Kraaij, W.: ¬A language-modeling approach to TREC (2005) 1.07

   1.0675442 = sum of:
     1.0675442 = product of:
       3.2026327 = sum of:
         3.2026327 = weight(author_txt:kraaij in 5091) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.2026327 = score(doc=5091,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6466616 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1447885 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.05702847 = queryNorm
             4.952564 = fieldWeight in 5091, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=5091)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

5. Van der Meij, H.: Styling the index : is it time for a change? (2002) 0.91

   0.91075027 = sum of:
     0.91075027 = product of:
       2.7322507 = sum of:
         2.7322507 = weight(author_txt:meij in 3822) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.7322507 = score(doc=3822,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5816825 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0857497 = boost
               9.394302 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44218)
               0.05702847 = queryNorm
             4.697151 = fieldWeight in 3822, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.394302 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44218)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=3822)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Meij, E.; Rijke, M. de: Thesaurus-based feedback to support mixed search and browsing environments (2007) 0.51

   0.50823 = sum of:
     0.50823 = product of:
       0.9773653 = sum of:
         0.018081352 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 2432) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.018081352 = score(doc=2432,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07154085 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0441654 = boost
               4.0438666 = idf(docFreq=2106, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.25274166 = fieldWeight in 2432, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.0438666 = idf(docFreq=2106, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2432)
         0.07624165 = weight(abstract_txt:generative in 2432) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07624165 = score(doc=2432,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14820118 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0626814 = boost
               8.231152 = idf(docFreq=31, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.514447 = fieldWeight in 2432, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.231152 = idf(docFreq=31, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2432)
         0.028276151 = weight(abstract_txt:collections in 2432) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028276151 = score(doc=2432,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09638593 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2119901 = boost
               4.693822 = idf(docFreq=1099, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.29336387 = fieldWeight in 2432, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.693822 = idf(docFreq=1099, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2432)
         0.03731859 = weight(abstract_txt:propose in 2432) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03731859 = score(doc=2432,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.115971245 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.329436 = boost
               5.1486683 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.32179177 = fieldWeight in 2432, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1486683 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2432)
         0.017212678 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 2432) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017212678 = score(doc=2432,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.079249434 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3459718 = boost
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.21719621 = fieldWeight in 2432, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2432)
         0.06522232 = weight(abstract_txt:precision in 2432) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06522232 = score(doc=2432,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1335532 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4266565 = boost
               5.5251865 = idf(docFreq=478, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.4883621 = fieldWeight in 2432, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5251865 = idf(docFreq=478, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2432)
         0.10928556 = weight(abstract_txt:annotations in 2432) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10928556 = score(doc=2432,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23737884 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.902012 = boost
               7.3661537 = idf(docFreq=75, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.4603846 = fieldWeight in 2432, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.3661537 = idf(docFreq=75, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2432)
         0.052714545 = weight(abstract_txt:test in 2432) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.052714545 = score(doc=2432,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16712864 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9546244 = boost
               5.046608 = idf(docFreq=772, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.315413 = fieldWeight in 2432, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.046608 = idf(docFreq=772, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2432)
         0.039999057 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 2432) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.039999057 = score(doc=2432,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15303002 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1597106 = boost
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.26138046 = fieldWeight in 2432, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2432)
         0.09666994 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 2432) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09666994 = score(doc=2432,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.23563029 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9962485 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.4102611 = fieldWeight in 2432, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2432)
         0.22972369 = weight(abstract_txt:feedback in 2432) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.22972369 = score(doc=2432,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.30916762 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.069759 = boost
               5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.7430393 = fieldWeight in 2432, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2432)
         0.0819992 = weight(abstract_txt:relevance in 2432) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0819992 = score(doc=2432,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.26602343 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1836271 = boost
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.3082405 = fieldWeight in 2432, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2432)
         0.12462058 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 2432) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12462058 = score(doc=2432,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.2965904 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6824038 = boost
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.4201774 = fieldWeight in 2432, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2432)
       0.52 = coord(13/25)
   

2. Li, X.: ¬A new robust relevance model in the language model framework (2008) 0.44

   0.44447672 = sum of:
     0.44447672 = product of:
       1.0101744 = sum of:
         0.057441425 = weight(abstract_txt:model in 2076) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.057441425 = score(doc=2076,freq=11.0), product of:
             0.069516204 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0292841 = boost
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.82630265 = fieldWeight in 2076, product of:
               3.3166249 = tf(freq=11.0), with freq of:
                 11.0 = termFreq=11.0
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2076)
         0.12048165 = weight(abstract_txt:pseudo in 2076) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12048165 = score(doc=2076,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.13941099 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0306845 = boost
               7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.8642192 = fieldWeight in 2076, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2076)
         0.025570896 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 2076) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025570896 = score(doc=2076,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07154085 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0441654 = boost
               4.0438666 = idf(docFreq=2106, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.3574307 = fieldWeight in 2076, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.0438666 = idf(docFreq=2106, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2076)
         0.02981323 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 2076) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02981323 = score(doc=2076,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.079249434 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3459718 = boost
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.37619486 = fieldWeight in 2076, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2076)
         0.04611915 = weight(abstract_txt:precision in 2076) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04611915 = score(doc=2076,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1335532 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4266565 = boost
               5.5251865 = idf(docFreq=478, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.34532416 = fieldWeight in 2076, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5251865 = idf(docFreq=478, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2076)
         0.059453957 = weight(abstract_txt:modeling in 2076) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.059453957 = score(doc=2076,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15819302 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5526941 = boost
               6.0133076 = idf(docFreq=293, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.37583172 = fieldWeight in 2076, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.0133076 = idf(docFreq=293, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2076)
         0.05656721 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 2076) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05656721 = score(doc=2076,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15303002 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1597106 = boost
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.3696478 = fieldWeight in 2076, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2076)
         0.06835597 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 2076) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06835597 = score(doc=2076,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23563029 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9962485 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.2900984 = fieldWeight in 2076, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2076)
         0.19894655 = weight(abstract_txt:feedback in 2076) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19894655 = score(doc=2076,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.30916762 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.069759 = boost
               5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.6434909 = fieldWeight in 2076, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2076)
         0.25930423 = weight(abstract_txt:relevance in 2076) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.25930423 = score(doc=2076,freq=10.0), product of:
             0.26602343 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1836271 = boost
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.97474205 = fieldWeight in 2076, product of:
               3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                 10.0 = termFreq=10.0
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2076)
         0.08812006 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 2076) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08812006 = score(doc=2076,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2965904 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6824038 = boost
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.2971103 = fieldWeight in 2076, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2076)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)
   

3. Ye, Z.; Huang, J.X.; Lin, H.: Finding a good query-related topic for boosting pseudo-relevance feedback (2011) 0.44

   0.44228765 = sum of:
     0.44228765 = product of:
       0.9214326 = sum of:
         0.029997805 = weight(abstract_txt:model in 4372) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029997805 = score(doc=4372,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.069516204 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0292841 = boost
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.4315225 = fieldWeight in 4372, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4372)
         0.09837286 = weight(abstract_txt:pseudo in 4372) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09837286 = score(doc=4372,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.13941099 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0306845 = boost
               7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.70563203 = fieldWeight in 4372, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4372)
         0.025570896 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 4372) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025570896 = score(doc=4372,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07154085 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0441654 = boost
               4.0438666 = idf(docFreq=2106, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.3574307 = fieldWeight in 4372, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.0438666 = idf(docFreq=2106, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4372)
         0.028276151 = weight(abstract_txt:collections in 4372) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028276151 = score(doc=4372,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09638593 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2119901 = boost
               4.693822 = idf(docFreq=1099, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.29336387 = fieldWeight in 4372, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.693822 = idf(docFreq=1099, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4372)
         0.03731859 = weight(abstract_txt:propose in 4372) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03731859 = score(doc=4372,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.115971245 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.329436 = boost
               5.1486683 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.32179177 = fieldWeight in 4372, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1486683 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4372)
         0.0243424 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 4372) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0243424 = score(doc=4372,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.079249434 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3459718 = boost
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.3071618 = fieldWeight in 4372, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4372)
         0.059453957 = weight(abstract_txt:modeling in 4372) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.059453957 = score(doc=4372,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15819302 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5526941 = boost
               6.0133076 = idf(docFreq=293, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.37583172 = fieldWeight in 4372, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.0133076 = idf(docFreq=293, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4372)
         0.06933553 = weight(abstract_txt:representation in 4372) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06933553 = score(doc=4372,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15924206 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9079491 = boost
               4.926098 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.43540964 = fieldWeight in 4372, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.926098 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4372)
         0.039999057 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 4372) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.039999057 = score(doc=4372,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15303002 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1597106 = boost
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.26138046 = fieldWeight in 4372, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4372)
         0.22972369 = weight(abstract_txt:feedback in 4372) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.22972369 = score(doc=4372,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.30916762 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.069759 = boost
               5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.7430393 = fieldWeight in 4372, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4372)
         0.0819992 = weight(abstract_txt:relevance in 4372) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0819992 = score(doc=4372,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.26602343 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1836271 = boost
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.3082405 = fieldWeight in 4372, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4372)
         0.19704244 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 4372) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19704244 = score(doc=4372,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.2965904 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6824038 = boost
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.6643588 = fieldWeight in 4372, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4372)
       0.48 = coord(12/25)
   

4. Dang, E.K.F.; Luk, R.W.P.; Allan, J.: ¬A context-dependent relevance model (2016) 0.44

   0.43749243 = sum of:
     0.43749243 = product of:
       0.99430096 = sum of:
         0.034638483 = weight(abstract_txt:model in 2778) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.034638483 = score(doc=2778,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.069516204 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0292841 = boost
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.49827924 = fieldWeight in 2778, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2778)
         0.06956011 = weight(abstract_txt:pseudo in 2778) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06956011 = score(doc=2778,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13941099 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0306845 = boost
               7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.4989572 = fieldWeight in 2778, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2778)
         0.025570896 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 2778) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025570896 = score(doc=2778,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07154085 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0441654 = boost
               4.0438666 = idf(docFreq=2106, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.3574307 = fieldWeight in 2778, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.0438666 = idf(docFreq=2106, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2778)
         0.028276151 = weight(abstract_txt:collections in 2778) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028276151 = score(doc=2778,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09638593 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2119901 = boost
               4.693822 = idf(docFreq=1099, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.29336387 = fieldWeight in 2778, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.693822 = idf(docFreq=1099, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2778)
         0.034425355 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 2778) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.034425355 = score(doc=2778,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.079249434 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3459718 = boost
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.43439242 = fieldWeight in 2778, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2778)
         0.059453957 = weight(abstract_txt:modeling in 2778) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.059453957 = score(doc=2778,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15819302 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5526941 = boost
               6.0133076 = idf(docFreq=293, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.37583172 = fieldWeight in 2778, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.0133076 = idf(docFreq=293, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2778)
         0.07999811 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 2778) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07999811 = score(doc=2778,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.15303002 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1597106 = boost
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.5227609 = fieldWeight in 2778, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2778)
         0.09666994 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 2778) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09666994 = score(doc=2778,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.23563029 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9962485 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.4102611 = fieldWeight in 2778, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2778)
         0.22972369 = weight(abstract_txt:feedback in 2778) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.22972369 = score(doc=2778,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.30916762 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.069759 = boost
               5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.7430393 = fieldWeight in 2778, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2778)
         0.18335578 = weight(abstract_txt:relevance in 2778) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.18335578 = score(doc=2778,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.26602343 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1836271 = boost
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.6892467 = fieldWeight in 2778, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2778)
         0.1526284 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 2778) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1526284 = score(doc=2778,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.2965904 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6824038 = boost
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.5146101 = fieldWeight in 2778, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2778)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)
   

5. Larkey, L.S.; Connell, M.E.: Structured queries, language modelling, and relevance modelling in cross-language information retrieval (2005) 0.38

   0.3770743 = sum of:
     0.3770743 = product of:
       1.0474286 = sum of:
         0.017319242 = weight(abstract_txt:model in 1022) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017319242 = score(doc=1022,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.069516204 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0292841 = boost
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.24913962 = fieldWeight in 1022, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1022)
         0.09837286 = weight(abstract_txt:pseudo in 1022) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09837286 = score(doc=1022,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.13941099 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0306845 = boost
               7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.70563203 = fieldWeight in 1022, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1022)
         0.02981323 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 1022) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02981323 = score(doc=1022,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.079249434 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3459718 = boost
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.37619486 = fieldWeight in 1022, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1022)
         0.14563186 = weight(abstract_txt:modeling in 1022) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14563186 = score(doc=1022,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.15819302 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5526941 = boost
               6.0133076 = idf(docFreq=293, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.920596 = fieldWeight in 1022, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               6.0133076 = idf(docFreq=293, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1022)
         0.09797729 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 1022) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09797729 = score(doc=1022,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.15303002 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1597106 = boost
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.6402488 = fieldWeight in 1022, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1022)
         0.09666994 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 1022) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09666994 = score(doc=1022,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.23563029 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9962485 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.4102611 = fieldWeight in 1022, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1022)
         0.16243918 = weight(abstract_txt:feedback in 1022) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16243918 = score(doc=1022,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.30916762 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.069759 = boost
               5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.52540815 = fieldWeight in 1022, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1022)
         0.18335578 = weight(abstract_txt:relevance in 1022) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.18335578 = score(doc=1022,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.26602343 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1836271 = boost
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.6892467 = fieldWeight in 1022, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1022)
         0.21584919 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 1022) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21584919 = score(doc=1022,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.2965904 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6824038 = boost
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016942909 = queryNorm
             0.72776866 = fieldWeight in 1022, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1022)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)