Document (#36416)

Author

Markó, K.G.

Title

Foundation, implementation and evaluation of the MorphoSaurus system

Source

Subword indexing, lexical learning and word sense disambiguation for medical crosslanguage information retrieval

Imprint

Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität

Year

2008

Pages

x, 202 S

Abstract

This work proposes an approach which is intended to meet the particular challenges of Medical Language Processing, in particular medical information retrieval. At its core lies a new type of dictionary, in which the entries are equivalence classes of subwords, i.e., semantically minimal units. These equivalence classes capture intralingual as well as interlingual synonymy. As equivalence classes abstract away from subtle particularities within and between languages and reference to them is realized via a language-independent conceptual system, they form an interlingua. In this work, the theoretical foundations of this approach are elaborated on. Furthermore, design considerations of applications based on the subword methodology are drawn up and showcase implementations are evaluated in detail. Starting with the introduction of Medical Linguistics as a field of active research in Chapter two, its consideration as a domain separated form general linguistics is motivated. In particular, morphological phenomena inherent to medical language are figured in more detail, which leads to an alternative view on medical terms and the introduction of the notion of subwords. Chapter three describes the formal foundation of subwords and the underlying linguistic declarative as well as procedural knowledge. An implementation of the subword model for the medical domain, the MorphoSaurus system, is presented in Chapter four. Emphasis will be given on the multilingual aspect of the proposed approach, including English, German, and Portuguese. The automatic acquisition of (medical) subwords for other languages (Spanish, French, and Swedish), and their integration in already available resources is described in the fifth Chapter.
The proper handling of acronyms plays a crucial role in medical texts, e.g. in patient records, as well as in scientific literature. Chapter six presents an approach, in which acronyms are automatically acquired from (bio-) medical literature. Furthermore, acronyms and their definitions in different languages are linked to each other using the MorphoSaurus text processing system. Automatic word sense disambiguation is still one of the most challenging tasks in Natural Language Processing. In Chapter seven, cross-lingual considerations lead to a new methodology for automatic disambiguation applied to subwords. Beginning with Chapter eight, a series of applications based onMorphoSaurus are introduced. Firstly, the implementation of the subword approach within a crosslanguage information retrieval setting for the medical domain is described and evaluated on standard test document collections. In Chapter nine, this methodology is extended to multilingual information retrieval in the Web, for which user queries are translated into target languages based on the segmentation into subwords and their interlingual mappings. The cross-lingual, automatic assignment of document descriptors to documents is the topic of Chapter ten. A large-scale evaluation of a heuristic, as well as a statistical algorithm is carried out using a prominent medical thesaurus as a controlled vocabulary. In Chapter eleven, it will be shown how MorphoSaurus can be used to map monolingual, lexical resources across different languages. As a result, a large multilingual medical lexicon with high coverage and complete lexical information is built and evaluated against a comparable, already available and commonly used lexical repository for the medical domain. Chapter twelve sketches a few applications based on MorphoSaurus. The generality and applicability of the subword approach to other domains is outlined, and proof-of-concepts in real-world scenarios are presented. Finally, Chapter thirteen recapitulates the most important aspects of MorphoSaurus and the potential benefit of its employment in medical information systems is carefully assessed, both for medical experts in their everyday life, but also with regard to health care consumers and their existential information needs.

Content

Jena, Univ., Diss., 2008. Vgl.: urn:nbn:de:gbv:27-20090305-111708-4; auch unter: http://d-nb.info/993373798/about/html.

Theme

Multilinguale Probleme

Field

Medizin

Object

MorphoSaurus-Projekt

DDC

610.28 / DDC22ger
410.285 / DDC22ger

Similar documents (content)

1. Na, J.-C.; Neoh, H.L.: Effectiveness of UMLS semantic network as a seed ontology for building a medical domain ontology (2008) 0.22

   0.22004132 = sum of:
     0.22004132 = product of:
       0.61122584 = sum of:
         0.011167487 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 1910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011167487 = score(doc=1910,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.052984416 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0146811 = boost
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.21076928 = fieldWeight in 1910, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1910)
         0.020932395 = weight(abstract_txt:methodology in 1910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020932395 = score(doc=1910,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07318311 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0327413 = boost
               4.5764427 = idf(docFreq=1236, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.28602767 = fieldWeight in 1910, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5764427 = idf(docFreq=1236, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1910)
         0.0061975545 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 1910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0061975545 = score(doc=1910,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.04095955 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0926441 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.15130915 = fieldWeight in 1910, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1910)
         0.017360888 = weight(abstract_txt:well in 1910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017360888 = score(doc=1910,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.071103744 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1754434 = boost
               3.9066048 = idf(docFreq=2416, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.2441628 = fieldWeight in 1910, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9066048 = idf(docFreq=2416, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1910)
         0.011479908 = weight(abstract_txt:their in 1910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011479908 = score(doc=1910,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.058135323 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1883122 = boost
               3.1594994 = idf(docFreq=5101, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.19746871 = fieldWeight in 1910, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1594994 = idf(docFreq=5101, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1910)
         0.02129869 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 1910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02129869 = score(doc=1910,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08148539 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2583324 = boost
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.26138046 = fieldWeight in 1910, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1910)
         0.06184808 = weight(abstract_txt:domain in 1910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06184808 = score(doc=1910,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.10448212 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4248741 = boost
               4.7355914 = idf(docFreq=1054, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.5919489 = fieldWeight in 1910, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.7355914 = idf(docFreq=1054, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1910)
         0.03245259 = weight(abstract_txt:approach in 1910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03245259 = score(doc=1910,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.098031245 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6903763 = boost
               3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.33104333 = fieldWeight in 1910, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1910)
         0.42848822 = weight(abstract_txt:medical in 1910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.42848822 = score(doc=1910,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.5899215 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.5564423 = boost
               5.8107834 = idf(docFreq=359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.7263479 = fieldWeight in 1910, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.8107834 = idf(docFreq=359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1910)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

2. Rindflesch, T.C.; Fizsman, M.: The interaction of domain knowledge and linguistic structure in natural language processing : interpreting hypernymic propositions in biomedical text (2003) 0.22

   0.21967973 = sum of:
     0.21967973 = product of:
       0.4992721 = sum of:
         0.019342655 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019342655 = score(doc=2097,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.052984416 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0146811 = boost
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.3650631 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
         0.020932395 = weight(abstract_txt:methodology in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020932395 = score(doc=2097,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07318311 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0327413 = boost
               4.5764427 = idf(docFreq=1236, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.28602767 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5764427 = idf(docFreq=1236, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
         0.032938417 = weight(abstract_txt:applications in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032938417 = score(doc=2097,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07858206 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0701579 = boost
               4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.4191595 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
         0.010734479 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.010734479 = score(doc=2097,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.04095955 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0926441 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.26207513 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
         0.01806323 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01806323 = score(doc=2097,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.049544044 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.096999 = boost
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.36458933 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
         0.045375824 = weight(abstract_txt:processing in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.045375824 = score(doc=2097,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.08499125 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1129438 = boost
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.5338882 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
         0.030120896 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030120896 = score(doc=2097,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08148539 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2583324 = boost
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.3696478 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
         0.043733194 = weight(abstract_txt:domain in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043733194 = score(doc=2097,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.10448212 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4248741 = boost
               4.7355914 = idf(docFreq=1054, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.41857108 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.7355914 = idf(docFreq=1054, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
         0.040839475 = weight(abstract_txt:automatic in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.040839475 = score(doc=2097,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1257664 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5632837 = boost
               5.1955976 = idf(docFreq=665, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.32472485 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1955976 = idf(docFreq=665, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
         0.022947447 = weight(abstract_txt:approach in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022947447 = score(doc=2097,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.098031245 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6903763 = boost
               3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.234083 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
         0.21424411 = weight(abstract_txt:medical in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21424411 = score(doc=2097,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5899215 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.5564423 = boost
               5.8107834 = idf(docFreq=359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.36317396 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8107834 = idf(docFreq=359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)
   

3. Lee, C.-H.; Khoo, C.; Na, J.-C.: Automatic identification of treatment relations for medical ontology learning : an exploratory study (2004) 0.21

   0.20824061 = sum of:
     0.20824061 = product of:
       0.65075195 = sum of:
         0.011167487 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 2661) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011167487 = score(doc=2661,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.052984416 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0146811 = boost
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.21076928 = fieldWeight in 2661, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2661)
         0.026197745 = weight(abstract_txt:processing in 2661) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.026197745 = score(doc=2661,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08499125 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1129438 = boost
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.3082405 = fieldWeight in 2661, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2661)
         0.017360888 = weight(abstract_txt:well in 2661) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017360888 = score(doc=2661,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.071103744 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1754434 = boost
               3.9066048 = idf(docFreq=2416, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.2441628 = fieldWeight in 2661, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9066048 = idf(docFreq=2416, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2661)
         0.030120896 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 2661) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030120896 = score(doc=2661,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08148539 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2583324 = boost
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.3696478 = fieldWeight in 2661, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2661)
         0.043733194 = weight(abstract_txt:domain in 2661) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043733194 = score(doc=2661,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.10448212 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4248741 = boost
               4.7355914 = idf(docFreq=1054, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.41857108 = fieldWeight in 2661, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.7355914 = idf(docFreq=1054, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2661)
         0.07073604 = weight(abstract_txt:automatic in 2661) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07073604 = score(doc=2661,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.1257664 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5632837 = boost
               5.1955976 = idf(docFreq=665, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.5624399 = fieldWeight in 2661, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.1955976 = idf(docFreq=665, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2661)
         0.022947447 = weight(abstract_txt:approach in 2661) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022947447 = score(doc=2661,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.098031245 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6903763 = boost
               3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.234083 = fieldWeight in 2661, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2661)
         0.42848822 = weight(abstract_txt:medical in 2661) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.42848822 = score(doc=2661,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.5899215 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.5564423 = boost
               5.8107834 = idf(docFreq=359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.7263479 = fieldWeight in 2661, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.8107834 = idf(docFreq=359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2661)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

4. Ayadi, H.; Torjmen-Khemakhem, M.; Daoud, M.; Xiangji Huang, J.; Ben Jemaa, M.: MF-Re-Rank : a modality feature-based re-ranking model for medical image retrieval (2018) 0.18

   0.1813955 = sum of:
     0.1813955 = product of:
       0.7558146 = sum of:
         0.0093926685 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 4459) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0093926685 = score(doc=4459,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.04095955 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0926441 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.22931573 = fieldWeight in 4459, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4459)
         0.011176053 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 4459) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011176053 = score(doc=4459,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.049544044 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.096999 = boost
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.22557814 = fieldWeight in 4459, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4459)
         0.018636353 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 4459) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.018636353 = score(doc=4459,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08148539 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2583324 = boost
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.22870791 = fieldWeight in 4459, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4459)
         0.027058534 = weight(abstract_txt:domain in 4459) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027058534 = score(doc=4459,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10448212 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4248741 = boost
               4.7355914 = idf(docFreq=1054, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.25897765 = fieldWeight in 4459, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7355914 = idf(docFreq=1054, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4459)
         0.040158033 = weight(abstract_txt:approach in 4459) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.040158033 = score(doc=4459,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.098031245 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6903763 = boost
               3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.40964526 = fieldWeight in 4459, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4459)
         0.64939296 = weight(abstract_txt:medical in 4459) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.64939296 = score(doc=4459,freq=12.0), product of:
             0.5899215 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.5564423 = boost
               5.8107834 = idf(docFreq=359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             1.1008126 = fieldWeight in 4459, product of:
               3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
                 12.0 = termFreq=12.0
               5.8107834 = idf(docFreq=359, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4459)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

5. Taylor, D.: Object-oriented information systems : planning and implementation (1993) 0.18

   0.1798937 = sum of:
     0.1798937 = product of:
       0.6424775 = sum of:
         0.019543102 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 7069) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019543102 = score(doc=7069,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.052984416 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0146811 = boost
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.36884624 = fieldWeight in 7069, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7069)
         0.040759213 = weight(abstract_txt:applications in 7069) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.040759213 = score(doc=7069,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07858206 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0701579 = boost
               4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.51868343 = fieldWeight in 7069, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7069)
         0.01084572 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 7069) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01084572 = score(doc=7069,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.04095955 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0926441 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.264791 = fieldWeight in 7069, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7069)
         0.05430995 = weight(abstract_txt:implementation in 7069) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05430995 = score(doc=7069,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09515373 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1776034 = boost
               5.2183776 = idf(docFreq=650, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.5707601 = fieldWeight in 7069, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.2183776 = idf(docFreq=650, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7069)
         0.040158033 = weight(abstract_txt:approach in 7069) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.040158033 = score(doc=7069,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.098031245 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6903763 = boost
               3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.40964526 = fieldWeight in 7069, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7069)
         0.088951066 = weight(abstract_txt:languages in 7069) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.088951066 = score(doc=7069,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15675567 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9512914 = boost
               5.188118 = idf(docFreq=670, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.5674504 = fieldWeight in 7069, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.188118 = idf(docFreq=670, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7069)
         0.38791046 = weight(abstract_txt:chapter in 7069) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.38791046 = score(doc=7069,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5602053 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.714651 = boost
               6.330911 = idf(docFreq=213, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015484289 = queryNorm
             0.69244343 = fieldWeight in 7069, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.330911 = idf(docFreq=213, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7069)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)