Document (#37373)

Author
Huang, L.
Milne, D.
Frank, E.
Witten, I.H.
Title
Learning a concept-based document similarity measure
Source
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 63(2012) no.8, S.1593-1608
Year
2012
Abstract
Document similarity measures are crucial components of many text-analysis tasks, including information retrieval, document classification, and document clustering. Conventional measures are brittle: They estimate the surface overlap between documents based on the words they mention and ignore deeper semantic connections. We propose a new measure that assesses similarity at both the lexical and semantic levels, and learns from human judgments how to combine them by using machine-learning techniques. Experiments show that the new measure produces values for documents that are more consistent with people's judgments than people are with each other. We also use it to classify and cluster large document sets covering different genres and topics, and find that it improves both classification and clustering performance.
Theme
Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval

Similar documents (author)

  1. Witten, I.H.; Frank, E.: Data Mining : Praktische Werkzeuge und Techniken für das maschinelle Lernen (2000) 2.23
    2.2334836 = sum of:
      2.2334836 = product of:
        4.466967 = sum of:
          1.9890889 = weight(author_txt:frank in 6833) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            1.9890889 = score(doc=6833,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.4646648 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1895652 = boost
                8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
                0.045625445 = queryNorm
              4.2806964 = fieldWeight in 6833, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
                0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=6833)
          2.4778783 = weight(author_txt:witten in 6833) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            2.4778783 = score(doc=6833,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.53796864 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2799612 = boost
                9.211981 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44218)
                0.045625445 = queryNorm
              4.6059904 = fieldWeight in 6833, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.211981 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44218)
                0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=6833)
        0.5 = coord(2/4)
    
  2. Milne, R.J.: Hypertext and its implications for library services. (1994) 0.96
    0.96261173 = sum of:
      0.96261173 = product of:
        3.850447 = sum of:
          3.850447 = weight(author_txt:milne in 38) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            3.850447 = score(doc=38,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.6219723 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3762708 = boost
                9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
                0.045625445 = queryNorm
              6.190705 = fieldWeight in 38, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
                0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=38)
        0.25 = coord(1/4)
    
  3. Milne, R.: ¬The Google Library Project at Oxford (2005) 0.96
    0.96261173 = sum of:
      0.96261173 = product of:
        3.850447 = sum of:
          3.850447 = weight(author_txt:milne in 7134) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            3.850447 = score(doc=7134,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.6219723 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3762708 = boost
                9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
                0.045625445 = queryNorm
              6.190705 = fieldWeight in 7134, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
                0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=7134)
        0.25 = coord(1/4)
    
  4. Milne, C.: Developing information architecture through records management classification techniques (2010) 0.96
    0.96261173 = sum of:
      0.96261173 = product of:
        3.850447 = sum of:
          3.850447 = weight(author_txt:milne in 3942) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            3.850447 = score(doc=3942,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.6219723 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3762708 = boost
                9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
                0.045625445 = queryNorm
              6.190705 = fieldWeight in 3942, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
                0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3942)
        0.25 = coord(1/4)
    
  5. Frank, S.; Frank, M.: Spannungsfeld zwischen Bibliotheks-/Informationswissenschaft und Bibliotheksinformatik : Teil 1 von: Bibliothekarische Studiengänge an der HTWK Leipzig: Veränderung und Kontinuität (2019) 0.70
    0.7032491 = sum of:
      0.7032491 = product of:
        2.8129964 = sum of:
          2.8129964 = weight(author_txt:frank in 5366) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            2.8129964 = score(doc=5366,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.4646648 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1895652 = boost
                8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
                0.045625445 = queryNorm
              6.0538187 = fieldWeight in 5366, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
                0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=5366)
        0.25 = coord(1/4)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Bartell, B.T.; Cottrell, G.W.; Belew, R.K.: Optimizing similarity using multi-query relevance feedback (1998) 0.34
    0.34017792 = sum of:
      0.34017792 = product of:
        0.9449386 = sum of:
          0.110599265 = weight(abstract_txt:estimate in 1152) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.110599265 = score(doc=1152,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.17386055 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0709692 = boost
                7.1970778 = idf(docFreq=89, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.6361378 = fieldWeight in 1152, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                7.1970778 = idf(docFreq=89, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1152)
          0.023233054 = weight(abstract_txt:both in 1152) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.023233054 = score(doc=1152,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.09752675 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1343664 = boost
                3.811558 = idf(docFreq=2657, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.23822238 = fieldWeight in 1152, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.811558 = idf(docFreq=2657, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1152)
          0.05087013 = weight(abstract_txt:documents in 1152) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05087013 = score(doc=1152,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.114021756 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2265502 = boost
                4.1213026 = idf(docFreq=1949, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.44614407 = fieldWeight in 1152, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.1213026 = idf(docFreq=1949, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1152)
          0.01933507 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1152) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01933507 = score(doc=1152,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.07537945 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4103696 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.2565032 = fieldWeight in 1152, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1152)
          0.0779255 = weight(abstract_txt:learning in 1152) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0779255 = score(doc=1152,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.15151846 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.413918 = boost
                4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.51429707 = fieldWeight in 1152, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1152)
          0.0952812 = weight(abstract_txt:measures in 1152) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0952812 = score(doc=1152,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.19832663 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6176404 = boost
                5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.48042563 = fieldWeight in 1152, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1152)
          0.2023351 = weight(abstract_txt:measure in 1152) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.2023351 = score(doc=1152,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.29769906 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.4273133 = boost
                5.437306 = idf(docFreq=522, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.67966324 = fieldWeight in 1152, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                5.437306 = idf(docFreq=522, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1152)
          0.248027 = weight(abstract_txt:similarity in 1152) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.248027 = score(doc=1152,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.3409803 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5977762 = boost
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.7273939 = fieldWeight in 1152, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1152)
          0.11733229 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 1152) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.11733229 = score(doc=1152,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.30924398 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.1938322 = boost
                4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.37941656 = fieldWeight in 1152, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1152)
        0.36 = coord(9/25)
    
  2. Rorvig, M.: Images of similarity : a visual exploration of optimal similarity metrics and scaling properties of TREC topic-document sets (1999) 0.28
    0.28308082 = sum of:
      0.28308082 = product of:
        1.0110029 = sum of:
          0.12288644 = weight(abstract_txt:overlap in 3767) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.12288644 = score(doc=3767,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.16181552 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0332052 = boost
                6.943297 = idf(docFreq=115, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.7594231 = fieldWeight in 3767, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.943297 = idf(docFreq=115, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3767)
          0.072686754 = weight(abstract_txt:documents in 3767) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.072686754 = score(doc=3767,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.114021756 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2265502 = boost
                4.1213026 = idf(docFreq=1949, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.63748145 = fieldWeight in 3767, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.1213026 = idf(docFreq=1949, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3767)
          0.019535441 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3767) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.019535441 = score(doc=3767,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07537945 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4103696 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.25916135 = fieldWeight in 3767, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3767)
          0.1667421 = weight(abstract_txt:measures in 3767) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1667421 = score(doc=3767,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.19832663 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6176404 = boost
                5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.84074485 = fieldWeight in 3767, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3767)
          0.17704323 = weight(abstract_txt:measure in 3767) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17704323 = score(doc=3767,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.29769906 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.4273133 = boost
                5.437306 = idf(docFreq=522, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.59470534 = fieldWeight in 3767, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.437306 = idf(docFreq=522, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3767)
          0.30691773 = weight(abstract_txt:similarity in 3767) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.30691773 = score(doc=3767,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.3409803 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5977762 = boost
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.90010405 = fieldWeight in 3767, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3767)
          0.1451913 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 3767) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1451913 = score(doc=3767,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.30924398 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.1938322 = boost
                4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.46950403 = fieldWeight in 3767, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3767)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  3. Egghe, L.: Good properties of similarity measures and their complementarity (2010) 0.23
    0.23450646 = sum of:
      0.23450646 = product of:
        0.97711027 = sum of:
          0.15203255 = weight(abstract_txt:overlap in 3993) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.15203255 = score(doc=3993,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.16181552 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0332052 = boost
                6.943297 = idf(docFreq=115, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.9395424 = fieldWeight in 3993, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                6.943297 = idf(docFreq=115, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3993)
          0.050301038 = weight(abstract_txt:both in 3993) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.050301038 = score(doc=3993,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.09752675 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1343664 = boost
                3.811558 = idf(docFreq=2657, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.51576656 = fieldWeight in 3993, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.811558 = idf(docFreq=2657, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3993)
          0.027907772 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3993) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.027907772 = score(doc=3993,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.07537945 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4103696 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.3702305 = fieldWeight in 3993, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3993)
          0.18831602 = weight(abstract_txt:measures in 3993) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.18831602 = score(doc=3993,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.19832663 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6176404 = boost
                5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.9495246 = fieldWeight in 3993, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3993)
          0.17884067 = weight(abstract_txt:measure in 3993) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17884067 = score(doc=3993,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.29769906 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.4273133 = boost
                5.437306 = idf(docFreq=522, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.6007431 = fieldWeight in 3993, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.437306 = idf(docFreq=522, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3993)
          0.37971225 = weight(abstract_txt:similarity in 3993) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.37971225 = score(doc=3993,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.3409803 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5977762 = boost
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              1.11359 = fieldWeight in 3993, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3993)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  4. Alzahrani, S.; Palade, V.; Salim, N.; Abraham, A.: Using structural information and citation evidence to detect significant plagiarism cases in scientific publications (2012) 0.23
    0.22640978 = sum of:
      0.22640978 = product of:
        0.628916 = sum of:
          0.027423594 = weight(abstract_txt:they in 4982) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.027423594 = score(doc=4982,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.09450478 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1166533 = boost
                3.7520406 = idf(docFreq=2820, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.29018208 = fieldWeight in 4982, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.7520406 = idf(docFreq=2820, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4982)
          0.028749438 = weight(abstract_txt:both in 4982) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.028749438 = score(doc=4982,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.09752675 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1343664 = boost
                3.811558 = idf(docFreq=2657, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.29478514 = fieldWeight in 4982, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.811558 = idf(docFreq=2657, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4982)
          0.08797191 = weight(abstract_txt:ignore in 4982) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08797191 = score(doc=4982,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.2055576 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.16451 = boost
                7.825686 = idf(docFreq=47, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.4279672 = fieldWeight in 4982, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.825686 = idf(docFreq=47, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4982)
          0.036343377 = weight(abstract_txt:documents in 4982) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.036343377 = score(doc=4982,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.114021756 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2265502 = boost
                4.1213026 = idf(docFreq=1949, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.31874073 = fieldWeight in 4982, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.1213026 = idf(docFreq=1949, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4982)
          0.013813642 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4982) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.013813642 = score(doc=4982,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.07537945 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4103696 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.18325473 = fieldWeight in 4982, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4982)
          0.08337105 = weight(abstract_txt:measures in 4982) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08337105 = score(doc=4982,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.19832663 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6176404 = boost
                5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.42037243 = fieldWeight in 4982, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4982)
          0.12518847 = weight(abstract_txt:measure in 4982) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.12518847 = score(doc=4982,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.29769906 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.4273133 = boost
                5.437306 = idf(docFreq=522, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.4205202 = fieldWeight in 4982, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.437306 = idf(docFreq=522, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4982)
          0.15345886 = weight(abstract_txt:similarity in 4982) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.15345886 = score(doc=4982,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.3409803 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5977762 = boost
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.45005202 = fieldWeight in 4982, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4982)
          0.07259565 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 4982) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07259565 = score(doc=4982,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.30924398 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.1938322 = boost
                4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.23475201 = fieldWeight in 4982, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4982)
        0.36 = coord(9/25)
    
  5. Losee, R.M.: ¬A Gray code based ordering for documents on shelves : classification for browsing and retrieval (1992) 0.22
    0.22270241 = sum of:
      0.22270241 = product of:
        0.79536575 = sum of:
          0.057791706 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 2335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.057791706 = score(doc=2335,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.10698334 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1880906 = boost
                3.9920752 = idf(docFreq=2218, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.5401935 = fieldWeight in 2335, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.9920752 = idf(docFreq=2218, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2335)
          0.07342472 = weight(abstract_txt:documents in 2335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07342472 = score(doc=2335,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.114021756 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2265502 = boost
                4.1213026 = idf(docFreq=1949, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.64395356 = fieldWeight in 2335, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                4.1213026 = idf(docFreq=1949, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2335)
          0.019733774 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.019733774 = score(doc=2335,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.07537945 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4103696 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.26179248 = fieldWeight in 2335, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2335)
          0.1191015 = weight(abstract_txt:measures in 2335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1191015 = score(doc=2335,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.19832663 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6176404 = boost
                5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.60053205 = fieldWeight in 2335, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2335)
          0.12645943 = weight(abstract_txt:measure in 2335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.12645943 = score(doc=2335,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.29769906 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.4273133 = boost
                5.437306 = idf(docFreq=522, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.42478952 = fieldWeight in 2335, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.437306 = idf(docFreq=522, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2335)
          0.21922696 = weight(abstract_txt:similarity in 2335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.21922696 = score(doc=2335,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.3409803 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5977762 = boost
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.64293146 = fieldWeight in 2335, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2335)
          0.17962764 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 2335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17962764 = score(doc=2335,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.30924398 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.1938322 = boost
                4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
                0.022556301 = queryNorm
              0.5808606 = fieldWeight in 2335, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2335)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)