Document (#39738)

Author

De Maio, C.
Fenza, G.
Loia, V.
Senatore, S.

Title

Hierarchical web resources retrieval by exploiting Fuzzy Formal Concept Analysis

Source

Information processing and management. 48(2012) no.3, S.399-418

Year

2012

Abstract

In recent years, knowledge structuring is assuming important roles in several real world applications such as decision support, cooperative problem solving, e-commerce, Semantic Web and, even in planning systems. Ontologies play an important role in supporting automated processes to access information and are at the core of new strategies for the development of knowledge-based systems. Yet, developing an ontology is a time-consuming task which often needs an accurate domain expertise to tackle structural and logical difficulties in the definition of concepts as well as conceivable relationships. This work presents an ontology-based retrieval approach, that supports data organization and visualization and provides a friendly navigation model. It exploits the fuzzy extension of the Formal Concept Analysis theory to elicit conceptualizations from datasets and generate a hierarchy-based representation of extracted knowledge. An intuitive graphical interface provides a multi-facets view of the built ontology. Through a transparent query-based retrieval, final users navigate across concepts, relations and population.

Content

Beitrag in einem Themenheft "Soft Approaches to IA on the Web". Vgl.: doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2011.04.003.

Theme

Wissensrepräsentation
Formale Begriffsanalyse

Similar documents (content)

1. Calegari, S.; Sanchez, E.: Object-fuzzy concept network : an enrichment of ontologies in semantic information retrieval (2008) 0.25

   0.24717426 = sum of:
     0.24717426 = product of:
       0.88276523 = sum of:
         0.056636807 = weight(abstract_txt:concept in 2393) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.056636807 = score(doc=2393,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.14222136 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3025764 = boost
               4.505458 = idf(docFreq=1327, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.39822996 = fieldWeight in 2393, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.505458 = idf(docFreq=1327, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2393)
         0.041336812 = weight(abstract_txt:concepts in 2393) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041336812 = score(doc=2393,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14525585 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3163992 = boost
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.28457934 = fieldWeight in 2393, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2393)
         0.038984314 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 2393) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038984314 = score(doc=2393,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.12691784 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5070503 = boost
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.3071618 = fieldWeight in 2393, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2393)
         0.05101842 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 2393) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05101842 = score(doc=2393,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.13265297 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5407243 = boost
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.38460067 = fieldWeight in 2393, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2393)
         0.028374117 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 2393) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028374117 = score(doc=2393,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14240783 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8433285 = boost
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.19924548 = fieldWeight in 2393, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2393)
         0.4440788 = weight(abstract_txt:fuzzy in 2393) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.4440788 = score(doc=2393,freq=10.0), product of:
             0.32825825 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9789218 = boost
               6.8448567 = idf(docFreq=127, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             1.3528336 = fieldWeight in 2393, product of:
               3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                 10.0 = termFreq=10.0
               6.8448567 = idf(docFreq=127, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2393)
         0.22233598 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 2393) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.22233598 = score(doc=2393,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.32155794 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.398811 = boost
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.69143367 = fieldWeight in 2393, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2393)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

2. Papadakis, I.; Stefanidakis, M.; Tzali, A.: Visualizing OPAC subject headings (2008) 0.20

   0.19909115 = sum of:
     0.19909115 = product of:
       0.55303097 = sum of:
         0.065355755 = weight(abstract_txt:friendly in 2549) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.065355755 = score(doc=2549,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17103414 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0100601 = boost
               6.987357 = idf(docFreq=110, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.3821211 = fieldWeight in 2549, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.987357 = idf(docFreq=110, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2549)
         0.071752116 = weight(abstract_txt:intuitive in 2549) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.071752116 = score(doc=2549,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18201901 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0419915 = boost
               7.208251 = idf(docFreq=88, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.39420122 = fieldWeight in 2549, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.208251 = idf(docFreq=88, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2549)
         0.094105095 = weight(abstract_txt:conceptualizations in 2549) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.094105095 = score(doc=2549,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.21808997 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1405745 = boost
               7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.43149668 = fieldWeight in 2549, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2549)
         0.028710742 = weight(abstract_txt:provides in 2549) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028710742 = score(doc=2549,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.124527864 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2188607 = boost
               4.215895 = idf(docFreq=1773, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.23055677 = fieldWeight in 2549, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.215895 = idf(docFreq=1773, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2549)
         0.062647775 = weight(abstract_txt:concepts in 2549) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.062647775 = score(doc=2549,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.14525585 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3163992 = boost
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.43129262 = fieldWeight in 2549, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2549)
         0.024120314 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 2549) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024120314 = score(doc=2549,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12691784 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5070503 = boost
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.19004668 = fieldWeight in 2549, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2549)
         0.025773562 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 2549) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025773562 = score(doc=2549,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13265297 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5407243 = boost
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.19429314 = fieldWeight in 2549, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2549)
         0.043002237 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 2549) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043002237 = score(doc=2549,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.14240783 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8433285 = boost
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.3019654 = fieldWeight in 2549, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2549)
         0.13756338 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 2549) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13756338 = score(doc=2549,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.32155794 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.398811 = boost
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.42780277 = fieldWeight in 2549, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2549)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

3. Styltsvig, H.B.: Ontology-based information retrieval (2006) 0.20

   0.1966707 = sum of:
     0.1966707 = product of:
       0.61459595 = sum of:
         0.061501812 = weight(abstract_txt:intuitive in 1154) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.061501812 = score(doc=1154,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18201901 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0419915 = boost
               7.208251 = idf(docFreq=88, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.33788675 = fieldWeight in 1154, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.208251 = idf(docFreq=88, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1154)
         0.042477604 = weight(abstract_txt:concept in 1154) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.042477604 = score(doc=1154,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.14222136 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3025764 = boost
               4.505458 = idf(docFreq=1327, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.29867247 = fieldWeight in 1154, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.505458 = idf(docFreq=1327, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1154)
         0.06932395 = weight(abstract_txt:concepts in 1154) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06932395 = score(doc=1154,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.14525585 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3163992 = boost
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.4772541 = fieldWeight in 1154, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1154)
         0.054699726 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 1154) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.054699726 = score(doc=1154,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.12691784 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5070503 = boost
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.43098533 = fieldWeight in 1154, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1154)
         0.049398374 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 1154) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.049398374 = score(doc=1154,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.13265297 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5407243 = boost
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.372388 = fieldWeight in 1154, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1154)
         0.03685906 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 1154) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03685906 = score(doc=1154,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.14240783 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8433285 = boost
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.25882748 = fieldWeight in 1154, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1154)
         0.18242396 = weight(abstract_txt:fuzzy in 1154) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.18242396 = score(doc=1154,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.32825825 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9789218 = boost
               6.8448567 = idf(docFreq=127, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.5557331 = fieldWeight in 1154, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.8448567 = idf(docFreq=127, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1154)
         0.11791146 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 1154) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11791146 = score(doc=1154,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.32155794 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.398811 = boost
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.36668807 = fieldWeight in 1154, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1154)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

4. Herre, H.: Formal ontology and the foundation of knowledge organization (2013) 0.18

   0.1766259 = sum of:
     0.1766259 = product of:
       0.7359413 = sum of:
         0.073562734 = weight(abstract_txt:commerce in 776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.073562734 = score(doc=776,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16930543 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0049425 = boost
               6.9519553 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.4344972 = fieldWeight in 776, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.9519553 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=776)
         0.107548684 = weight(abstract_txt:conceptualizations in 776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.107548684 = score(doc=776,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.21808997 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1405745 = boost
               7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.49313906 = fieldWeight in 776, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=776)
         0.041336812 = weight(abstract_txt:concepts in 776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041336812 = score(doc=776,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14525585 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3163992 = boost
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.28457934 = fieldWeight in 776, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=776)
         0.07215094 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07215094 = score(doc=776,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.13265297 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5407243 = boost
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.54390746 = fieldWeight in 776, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=776)
         0.1472193 = weight(abstract_txt:formal in 776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1472193 = score(doc=776,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.21340215 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.595586 = boost
               5.5189433 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.6898679 = fieldWeight in 776, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.5189433 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=776)
         0.29412284 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.29412284 = score(doc=776,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.32155794 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.398811 = boost
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.9146807 = fieldWeight in 776, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=776)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

5. Handbook on ontologies (2004) 0.17

   0.17105077 = sum of:
     0.17105077 = product of:
       0.61089563 = sum of:
         0.049178965 = weight(abstract_txt:important in 1952) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.049178965 = score(doc=1952,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.124461316 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.218535 = boost
               4.2147684 = idf(docFreq=1775, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.39513454 = fieldWeight in 1952, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2147684 = idf(docFreq=1775, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1952)
         0.049218416 = weight(abstract_txt:provides in 1952) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.049218416 = score(doc=1952,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.124527864 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2188607 = boost
               4.215895 = idf(docFreq=1773, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.3952402 = fieldWeight in 1952, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.215895 = idf(docFreq=1773, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1952)
         0.060072407 = weight(abstract_txt:concept in 1952) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.060072407 = score(doc=1952,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14222136 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3025764 = boost
               4.505458 = idf(docFreq=1327, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.42238668 = fieldWeight in 1952, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.505458 = idf(docFreq=1327, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1952)
         0.062005218 = weight(abstract_txt:concepts in 1952) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.062005218 = score(doc=1952,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14525585 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3163992 = boost
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.426869 = fieldWeight in 1952, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1952)
         0.044183247 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 1952) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.044183247 = score(doc=1952,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13265297 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5407243 = boost
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.33307394 = fieldWeight in 1952, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1952)
         0.11041447 = weight(abstract_txt:formal in 1952) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11041447 = score(doc=1952,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.21340215 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.595586 = boost
               5.5189433 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.5174009 = fieldWeight in 1952, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5189433 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1952)
         0.23582292 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 1952) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.23582292 = score(doc=1952,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.32155794 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.398811 = boost
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.024233865 = queryNorm
             0.73337615 = fieldWeight in 1952, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1952)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)