Document (#41689)

Author

Koch, M.

Title

¬Das Wissen der Welt : vor 300 Jahren wurde der Mathematiker und Enzyklopädist Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert geboren

Source

Neues Deutschland. 2017, S.26 [https://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/1069694.das-wissen-der-welt.html]

Year

2017

Abstract

Bis heute findet sich der Name des französischen Gelehrten und Mathematikers Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert in vielen Geschichtsbüchern. Das hat vor allem einen Grund: Gemeinsam mit dem Philosophen Denis Diderot gab d'Alembert eines der wichtigsten Werke der Aufklärung heraus. Dessen etwas ausladender Titel lautet: »Enzyklopädie oder ein durchdachtes Wörterbuch der Wissenschaften, Künste und Handwerke«. Ziel der Herausgeber war es, »ein allgemeines Bild der Anstrengungen des menschlichen Geistes auf allen Gebieten und in allen Jahrhunderten zu entwerfen«. An der Abfassung der mehr als 70 000 Enzyklopädie-Artikel beteiligte sich fast die gesamte geistige Elite Frankreichs, darunter Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire und Montesquieu. Der erste Band erschien 1751 und enthielt ein viel beachtetes Vorwort von d'Alembert, der gelegentlich erklärte: Das Wissen der Menschheit stamme nicht von einem Monarchen oder aus Rom, sondern vom individuellen Sinn und Verstand. Erwartungsgemäß stand der französische König Ludwig XV. dem Werk ebenso ablehnend gegenüber wie Papst Clemens XIII., der die Enzyklopädie 1759 auf den Index der verbotenen Bücher setzen ließ. Doch alle Versuche, den Fortgang des Projekts zu verhindern, scheiterten. Zuletzt umfasste das aufklärerische Mammutwerk 35 Bände; den Schluss bildete 1780 ein zweibändiges Register.

Theme

Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
Informationsmittel

Field

Wissenschaftstheorie

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