Document (#42263)

Author

Rötzer, F.

Title

Umgekehrter Turing-Test : Welches Gesicht ist real?

Issue

[09. Mai 2019].

Source

https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Umgekehrter-Turing-Test-Welches-Gesicht-ist-real-4418456.html?view=print

Year

2019

Series

Telepolis

Abstract

Mit Algorithmen wie StyleGAN lassen sich fotorealistische Gesichter von Menschen erzeugen, die es nicht gibt. Können wir noch echte von simulierten Gesichtern unterscheiden?

Content

Fotografie wurde seit ihrem Beginn wegen ihrer Entsubjektivierung gefeiert. Im Unterschied zur Malerei von der Bildherstellung durch den Apparat und die Lichtmalerei ersetzt wird. Deswegen wurde Fotografie als objektives Medium verherrlicht. Was von dem Objektiv aufgenommen wurde, soll es da auch gegeben haben. Der Druck auf den Auslöserknopf setzte die Wahrheitsbildgebung in Kraft, auch wenn der Ausschnitt, die Belichtung oder die Schärfe die Darstellung der Szene verändert. Mit der digitalen Fotografie hat sich das Misstrauen in das fotografische Bild extrem verstärkt - zu Recht. Zwar konnten auch schon zuvor Bilder manipuliert werden, nicht nur mit Nachbearbeitung, sondern auch, was überhaupt aufgenommen und wie das Bild beschrieben wird, digital ist aber das Foto bestenfalls Ausgangsbasis für Verabeitungen. Mit Mitteln der Künstlichen Intelligenz lassen sich fotorealistische Fakes noch leichter bewerkstelligen. Ein Bild ist kein Beweis für etwas Wirkliches mehr, sondern nur noch ein - auch bewegtes - Bild, das ebenso wenig oder viel Glaubwürdigkeit hat wie beispielsweise ein Text. Vertrauen muss in die Quelle gesetzt werden, die Bilder oder Texte produziert und verbreitet. Deepfakes nennt man fotorealistische Bilder und Videos, die manipuliert sind. Das Problem ist, dass diese immer leichter herstellbaren verfälschten Bilder auch als Belege für politische Zwecke verwendet werden können. Noch immer glauben viele traditionsverhaftet eher scheinbar objektiv generierten Bildern als etwa Texten. Die seit Februar existierende Website ThisPersonDoesNotExist.com zeigt, wie leicht wir getäuscht werden können. Mit der Hilfe des KI-Algorithmus StyleGAN von Nvidia wird hier demonstriert, wie täuschend realistische Bilder von Personen erzeugt werden können, die es nicht gibt. Dabei konkurrieren gewissermaßen zwei neuronale Netze, die mit Bildern von Gesichtern von Prominenten und von Menschen auf Flickr gefüttert wurden, gegeneinander an.

Footnote

Vgl.: https://heise.de/-4418456.

Field

Informatik

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