Document (#42507)

Author
Parapar, J.
Losada, D.E.
Presedo-Quindimil, M.A.
Barreiro, A.
Title
Using score distributions to compare statistical significance tests for information retrieval evaluation
Source
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 71(2020) no.1, S.98-113
Year
2020
Abstract
Statistical significance tests can provide evidence that the observed difference in performance between 2 methods is not due to chance. In information retrieval (IR), some studies have examined the validity and suitability of such tests for comparing search systems. We argue here that current methods for assessing the reliability of statistical tests suffer from some methodological weaknesses, and we propose a novel way to study significance tests for retrieval evaluation. Using Score Distributions, we model the output of multiple search systems, produce simulated search results from such models, and compare them using various significance tests. A key strength of this approach is that we assess statistical tests under perfect knowledge about the truth or falseness of the null hypothesis. This new method for studying the power of significance tests in IR evaluation is formal and innovative. Following this type of analysis, we found that both the sign test and Wilcoxon signed test have more power than the permutation test and the t-test. The sign test and Wilcoxon signed test also have good behavior in terms of type I errors. The bootstrap test shows few type I errors, but it has less power than the other methods tested.
Content
Vgl.: https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.24203.
Theme
Retrievalstudien

Similar documents (author)

  1. Losada, D.E.; Barreiro, A.: Emebedding term similarity and inverse document frequency into a logical model of information retrieval (2003) 4.88
    4.8754888 = sum of:
      4.8754888 = weight(author_txt:losada in 1422) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.8754888 = fieldWeight in 1422, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.7509775 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44218)
          0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=1422)
    
  2. Fernández, R.T.; Losada, D.E.: Effective sentence retrieval based on query-independent evidence (2012) 4.88
    4.8754888 = sum of:
      4.8754888 = weight(author_txt:losada in 2728) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.8754888 = fieldWeight in 2728, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.7509775 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44218)
          0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=2728)
    
  3. Sweeney, S.; Crestani, F.; Losada, D.E.: 'Show me more' : incremental length summarisation using novelty detection (2008) 3.66
    3.6566167 = sum of:
      3.6566167 = weight(author_txt:losada in 2054) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        3.6566167 = fieldWeight in 2054, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.7509775 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44218)
          0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=2054)
    
  4. Losada, D.E.; Parapar, J.; Barreiro, A.: When to stop making relevance judgments? : a study of stopping methods for building information retrieval test collections (2019) 3.66
    3.6566167 = sum of:
      3.6566167 = weight(author_txt:losada in 4674) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        3.6566167 = fieldWeight in 4674, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.7509775 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44218)
          0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=4674)
    
  5. Losada, D.E.; Parapar, J.; Barreiro, A.: Multi-armed bandits for adjudicating documents in pooling-based evaluation of information retrieval systems (2017) 3.66
    3.6566167 = sum of:
      3.6566167 = weight(author_txt:losada in 5098) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        3.6566167 = fieldWeight in 5098, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.7509775 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44218)
          0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=5098)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Ravana, S.D.; Taheri, M.S.; Rajagopal, P.: Document-based approach to improve the accuracy of pairwise comparison in evaluating information retrieval systems (2015) 0.34
    0.34075513 = sum of:
      0.34075513 = product of:
        0.8518878 = sum of:
          0.006027551 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.006027551 = score(doc=2587,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.04070134 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2166482 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.1480922 = fieldWeight in 2587, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2587)
          0.011183245 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 2587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.011183245 = score(doc=2587,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.055835932 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2340939 = boost
                3.2046018 = idf(docFreq=4876, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.20028761 = fieldWeight in 2587, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.2046018 = idf(docFreq=4876, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2587)
          0.024446027 = weight(abstract_txt:using in 2587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.024446027 = score(doc=2587,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.06520791 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3336488 = boost
                3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.37489358 = fieldWeight in 2587, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2587)
          0.020168671 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 2587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.020168671 = score(doc=2587,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.06566139 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.338278 = boost
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.3071618 = fieldWeight in 2587, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2587)
          0.053137857 = weight(abstract_txt:evaluation in 2587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.053137857 = score(doc=2587,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.109420195 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7275875 = boost
                4.4860687 = idf(docFreq=1353, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.48563117 = fieldWeight in 2587, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.4860687 = idf(docFreq=1353, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2587)
          0.07788954 = weight(abstract_txt:score in 2587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07788954 = score(doc=2587,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17789246 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.798558 = boost
                7.0055394 = idf(docFreq=108, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.4378462 = fieldWeight in 2587, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.0055394 = idf(docFreq=108, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2587)
          0.077302024 = weight(abstract_txt:statistical in 2587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.077302024 = score(doc=2587,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22300196 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.8478363 = boost
                5.5462847 = idf(docFreq=468, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.3466428 = fieldWeight in 2587, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.5462847 = idf(docFreq=468, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2587)
          0.20190169 = weight(abstract_txt:significance in 2587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.20190169 = score(doc=2587,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.3616053 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.0544605 = boost
                6.31699 = idf(docFreq=216, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.5583483 = fieldWeight in 2587, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                6.31699 = idf(docFreq=216, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2587)
          0.17651506 = weight(abstract_txt:test in 2587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17651506 = score(doc=2587,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.32310343 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.53472 = boost
                5.046608 = idf(docFreq=772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.5463113 = fieldWeight in 2587, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.046608 = idf(docFreq=772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2587)
          0.20331623 = weight(abstract_txt:tests in 2587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.20331623 = score(doc=2587,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.53535205 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.240155 = boost
                6.0764866 = idf(docFreq=275, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.3797804 = fieldWeight in 2587, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.0764866 = idf(docFreq=275, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2587)
        0.4 = coord(10/25)
    
  2. Drabenstott, K.M.; Weller, M.S.: ¬A comparative approach to system evaluation : delegating control of retrieval tests to an experimental online system (1996) 0.23
    0.22714421 = sum of:
      0.22714421 = product of:
        0.81122935 = sum of:
          0.009041326 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 7435) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.009041326 = score(doc=7435,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.04070134 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2166482 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.22213829 = fieldWeight in 7435, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7435)
          0.037052218 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 7435) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.037052218 = score(doc=7435,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.06566139 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.338278 = boost
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.5642923 = fieldWeight in 7435, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7435)
          0.035285942 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 7435) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.035285942 = score(doc=7435,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.07275545 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.408718 = boost
                3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.48499382 = fieldWeight in 7435, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7435)
          0.036346376 = weight(abstract_txt:methods in 7435) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.036346376 = score(doc=7435,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.09349357 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5969164 = boost
                4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.388758 = fieldWeight in 7435, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7435)
          0.046018735 = weight(abstract_txt:evaluation in 7435) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.046018735 = score(doc=7435,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.109420195 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7275875 = boost
                4.4860687 = idf(docFreq=1353, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.42056894 = fieldWeight in 7435, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.4860687 = idf(docFreq=1353, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7435)
          0.21618591 = weight(abstract_txt:test in 7435) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.21618591 = score(doc=7435,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.32310343 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.53472 = boost
                5.046608 = idf(docFreq=772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.669092 = fieldWeight in 7435, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.046608 = idf(docFreq=772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7435)
          0.43129885 = weight(abstract_txt:tests in 7435) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.43129885 = score(doc=7435,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.53535205 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.240155 = boost
                6.0764866 = idf(docFreq=275, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.8056359 = fieldWeight in 7435, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                6.0764866 = idf(docFreq=275, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7435)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  3. Pirkola, A.; Järvelin, K.: Employing the resolution power of search keys (2001) 0.20
    0.1999557 = sum of:
      0.1999557 = product of:
        0.6248616 = sum of:
          0.012786366 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 5907) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.012786366 = score(doc=5907,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.04070134 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2166482 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.314151 = fieldWeight in 5907, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5907)
          0.016774869 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 5907) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.016774869 = score(doc=5907,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.055835932 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2340939 = boost
                3.2046018 = idf(docFreq=4876, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.30043143 = fieldWeight in 5907, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.2046018 = idf(docFreq=4876, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5907)
          0.02117088 = weight(abstract_txt:using in 5907) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.02117088 = score(doc=5907,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06520791 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3336488 = boost
                3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.32466736 = fieldWeight in 5907, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5907)
          0.021392109 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 5907) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.021392109 = score(doc=5907,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06566139 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.338278 = boost
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.3257943 = fieldWeight in 5907, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5907)
          0.043216277 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 5907) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.043216277 = score(doc=5907,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.07275545 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.408718 = boost
                3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.59399366 = fieldWeight in 5907, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5907)
          0.036346376 = weight(abstract_txt:methods in 5907) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.036346376 = score(doc=5907,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.09349357 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5969164 = boost
                4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.388758 = fieldWeight in 5907, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5907)
          0.16820039 = weight(abstract_txt:power in 5907) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.16820039 = score(doc=5907,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.18001911 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.2159023 = boost
                5.754088 = idf(docFreq=380, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.9343474 = fieldWeight in 5907, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.754088 = idf(docFreq=380, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5907)
          0.30497435 = weight(abstract_txt:tests in 5907) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.30497435 = score(doc=5907,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.53535205 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.240155 = boost
                6.0764866 = idf(docFreq=275, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.5696706 = fieldWeight in 5907, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.0764866 = idf(docFreq=275, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5907)
        0.32 = coord(8/25)
    
  4. Salton, G.: ¬The state of retrieval system evaluation (1992) 0.19
    0.18527693 = sum of:
      0.18527693 = product of:
        0.7719872 = sum of:
          0.012055102 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 5250) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.012055102 = score(doc=5250,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.04070134 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2166482 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.2961844 = fieldWeight in 5250, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5250)
          0.02236649 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 5250) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.02236649 = score(doc=5250,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.055835932 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2340939 = boost
                3.2046018 = idf(docFreq=4876, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.40057522 = fieldWeight in 5250, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.2046018 = idf(docFreq=4876, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5250)
          0.040337343 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 5250) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.040337343 = score(doc=5250,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.06566139 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.338278 = boost
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.6143236 = fieldWeight in 5250, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5250)
          0.08677376 = weight(abstract_txt:evaluation in 5250) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08677376 = score(doc=5250,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.109420195 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7275875 = boost
                4.4860687 = idf(docFreq=1353, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.7930324 = fieldWeight in 5250, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.4860687 = idf(docFreq=1353, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5250)
          0.20382205 = weight(abstract_txt:test in 5250) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.20382205 = score(doc=5250,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.32310343 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.53472 = boost
                5.046608 = idf(docFreq=772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.630826 = fieldWeight in 5250, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.046608 = idf(docFreq=772, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5250)
          0.40663245 = weight(abstract_txt:tests in 5250) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.40663245 = score(doc=5250,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.53535205 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.240155 = boost
                6.0764866 = idf(docFreq=275, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.7595608 = fieldWeight in 5250, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.0764866 = idf(docFreq=275, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5250)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  5. Yang, Y.; Liu, X.: ¬A re-examination of text categorization methods (1999) 0.18
    0.17541555 = sum of:
      0.17541555 = product of:
        0.73089814 = sum of:
          0.020081542 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 3386) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.020081542 = score(doc=3386,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.054993156 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.8950868 = idf(docFreq=2444, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.3651644 = fieldWeight in 3386, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.8950868 = idf(docFreq=2444, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3386)
          0.012786366 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3386) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.012786366 = score(doc=3386,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.04070134 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2166482 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.314151 = fieldWeight in 3386, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3386)
          0.06295377 = weight(abstract_txt:methods in 3386) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06295377 = score(doc=3386,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.09349357 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5969164 = boost
                4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.6733486 = fieldWeight in 3386, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3386)
          0.115953036 = weight(abstract_txt:statistical in 3386) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.115953036 = score(doc=3386,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22300196 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.8478363 = boost
                5.5462847 = idf(docFreq=468, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.5199642 = fieldWeight in 3386, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.5462847 = idf(docFreq=468, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3386)
          0.21414909 = weight(abstract_txt:significance in 3386) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.21414909 = score(doc=3386,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.3616053 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.0544605 = boost
                6.31699 = idf(docFreq=216, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.5922178 = fieldWeight in 3386, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.31699 = idf(docFreq=216, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3386)
          0.30497435 = weight(abstract_txt:tests in 3386) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.30497435 = score(doc=3386,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.53535205 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.240155 = boost
                6.0764866 = idf(docFreq=275, maxDocs=44218)
                0.014118596 = queryNorm
              0.5696706 = fieldWeight in 3386, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.0764866 = idf(docFreq=275, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3386)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)