Document (#7754)

Author

Michel, D.A.

Title

What is used during cognitive processing in information retrieval and library searching? : eleven sources of search information

Source

Journal of the American society for Information Science. 45(1994) no.7, S.498-514

Year

1994

Abstract

A taxonomy of 11 sources of information used during library and database searching is presented, based on observation of 49 searches in a variety of libraries and search situations. Three broad categories of sources are idetified: those internal to the searcher; those created by the searcher; and those external to the searcher. Internal sources are reason for the search, necessary beliefs, object knowledge, domain knowledge,a nd search knowledge. 2 sources created by the searcher are expressed objects and searcher terms. External sources of information that are encountered in the search environment are guidance devices, system terms, and the collection. Found object, a subset of the collection, is also what is taken away from the library or IR system

Similar documents (author)

1. Dee, Michel -> Michel, Dee: 6.43

   6.433216 = sum of:
     6.433216 = weight(author_txt:michel in 2480) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       6.433216 = fieldWeight in 2480, product of:
         1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
           2.0 = termFreq=2.0
         9.097941 = idf(docFreq=12, maxDocs=42740)
         0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=2480)
   

2. Michel, J.: Du droit de copie au droit de l'information (1995) 5.69

   5.6862135 = sum of:
     5.6862135 = weight(author_txt:michel in 2871) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.6862135 = fieldWeight in 2871, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.097941 = idf(docFreq=12, maxDocs=42740)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2871)
   

3. Michel, T.F.: XML kompakt : Eine praktische Einführung (1999) 5.69

   5.6862135 = sum of:
     5.6862135 = weight(author_txt:michel in 2463) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.6862135 = fieldWeight in 2463, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.097941 = idf(docFreq=12, maxDocs=42740)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2463)
   

4. Michel, S.: ¬Der Erfolg der Entfesselungskünstler : Gelungene Kooperation: "Vom Boten zum Bit" im Museum für Kommunikation (2003) 5.69

   5.6862135 = sum of:
     5.6862135 = weight(author_txt:michel in 113) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.6862135 = fieldWeight in 113, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.097941 = idf(docFreq=12, maxDocs=42740)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=113)
   

5. Michel, D.: Taxonomy of Subject Relationships (1997) 5.69

   5.6862135 = sum of:
     5.6862135 = weight(author_txt:michel in 347) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.6862135 = fieldWeight in 347, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.097941 = idf(docFreq=12, maxDocs=42740)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=347)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Erli's intelligent retrieval adds an edge (1997) 0.23

   0.22509715 = sum of:
     0.22509715 = product of:
       0.80391836 = sum of:
         0.025875047 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 1936) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025875047 = score(doc=1936,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06133601 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3748589 = idf(docFreq=3975, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.42185736 = fieldWeight in 1936, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3748589 = idf(docFreq=3975, maxDocs=42740)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1936)
         0.052326456 = weight(abstract_txt:searching in 1936) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.052326456 = score(doc=1936,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09808644 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2645812 = boost
               4.267783 = idf(docFreq=1627, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.5334729 = fieldWeight in 1936, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.267783 = idf(docFreq=1627, maxDocs=42740)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1936)
         0.054992218 = weight(abstract_txt:what in 1936) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.054992218 = score(doc=1936,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10139011 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2857012 = boost
               4.33906 = idf(docFreq=1515, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.5423825 = fieldWeight in 1936, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.33906 = idf(docFreq=1515, maxDocs=42740)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1936)
         0.019320523 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 1936) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019320523 = score(doc=1936,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06360394 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4401219 = boost
               2.430104 = idf(docFreq=10226, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.303763 = fieldWeight in 1936, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.430104 = idf(docFreq=10226, maxDocs=42740)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1936)
         0.046698503 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 1936) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.046698503 = score(doc=1936,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.104078375 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5953946 = boost
               3.5894876 = idf(docFreq=3207, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.44868594 = fieldWeight in 1936, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5894876 = idf(docFreq=3207, maxDocs=42740)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1936)
         0.081937164 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 1936) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.081937164 = score(doc=1936,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17951278 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7049541 = boost
               3.6515355 = idf(docFreq=3014, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.45644194 = fieldWeight in 1936, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6515355 = idf(docFreq=3014, maxDocs=42740)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1936)
         0.52276844 = weight(abstract_txt:searcher in 1936) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.52276844 = score(doc=1936,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6175152 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.016907 = boost
               6.7725415 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.8465677 = fieldWeight in 1936, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.7725415 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=42740)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1936)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

2. ¬The common gateway interface (CGI) for enhancing access to database servers via the World Wide Web (WWW) (1995) 0.21

   0.20663077 = sum of:
     0.20663077 = product of:
       0.737967 = sum of:
         0.022870524 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 3935) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022870524 = score(doc=3935,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.06133601 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3748589 = idf(docFreq=3975, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.3728727 = fieldWeight in 3935, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.3748589 = idf(docFreq=3975, maxDocs=42740)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3935)
         0.020355131 = weight(abstract_txt:library in 3935) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020355131 = score(doc=3935,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08185046 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.414811 = boost
               3.1831915 = idf(docFreq=4815, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.24868684 = fieldWeight in 3935, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1831915 = idf(docFreq=4815, maxDocs=42740)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3935)
         0.02091508 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 3935) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02091508 = score(doc=3935,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.06360394 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4401219 = boost
               2.430104 = idf(docFreq=10226, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.3288331 = fieldWeight in 3935, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.430104 = idf(docFreq=10226, maxDocs=42740)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3935)
         0.13836321 = weight(abstract_txt:external in 3935) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13836321 = score(doc=3935,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.20364723 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8221389 = boost
               6.1494617 = idf(docFreq=247, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.67942595 = fieldWeight in 3935, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.1494617 = idf(docFreq=247, maxDocs=42740)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3935)
         0.07242291 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 3935) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07242291 = score(doc=3935,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.17951278 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7049541 = boost
               3.6515355 = idf(docFreq=3014, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.4034415 = fieldWeight in 3935, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.6515355 = idf(docFreq=3014, maxDocs=42740)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3935)
         0.13630992 = weight(abstract_txt:sources in 3935) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13630992 = score(doc=3935,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.36638147 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.233208 = boost
               4.76216 = idf(docFreq=992, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.37204373 = fieldWeight in 3935, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.76216 = idf(docFreq=992, maxDocs=42740)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3935)
         0.32673028 = weight(abstract_txt:searcher in 3935) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.32673028 = score(doc=3935,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6175152 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.016907 = boost
               6.7725415 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.5291048 = fieldWeight in 3935, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.7725415 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=42740)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3935)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

3. Jansen, B.J.; Booth, D.L.; Smith, B.K.: Using the taxonomy of cognitive learning to model online searching (2009) 0.18

   0.18019241 = sum of:
     0.18019241 = product of:
       0.5631013 = sum of:
         0.012937523 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 1224) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012937523 = score(doc=1224,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06133601 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3748589 = idf(docFreq=3975, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.21092868 = fieldWeight in 1224, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3748589 = idf(docFreq=3975, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1224)
         0.022524709 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 1224) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022524709 = score(doc=1224,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08876754 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2030103 = boost
               4.05999 = idf(docFreq=2003, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.25374937 = fieldWeight in 1224, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.05999 = idf(docFreq=2003, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1224)
         0.09433286 = weight(abstract_txt:searching in 1224) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09433286 = score(doc=1224,freq=13.0), product of:
             0.09808644 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2645812 = boost
               4.267783 = idf(docFreq=1627, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.9617319 = fieldWeight in 1224, product of:
               3.6055512 = tf(freq=13.0), with freq of:
                 13.0 = termFreq=13.0
               4.267783 = idf(docFreq=1627, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1224)
         0.025558649 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 1224) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025558649 = score(doc=1224,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.06360394 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4401219 = boost
               2.430104 = idf(docFreq=10226, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.40184066 = fieldWeight in 1224, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               2.430104 = idf(docFreq=10226, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1224)
         0.023349252 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 1224) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023349252 = score(doc=1224,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.104078375 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5953946 = boost
               3.5894876 = idf(docFreq=3207, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.22434297 = fieldWeight in 1224, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5894876 = idf(docFreq=3207, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1224)
         0.08204555 = weight(abstract_txt:internal in 1224) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08204555 = score(doc=1224,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.21014453 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8509781 = boost
               6.24679 = idf(docFreq=224, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.39042437 = fieldWeight in 1224, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.24679 = idf(docFreq=224, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1224)
         0.040968582 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 1224) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.040968582 = score(doc=1224,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17951278 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7049541 = boost
               3.6515355 = idf(docFreq=3014, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.22822097 = fieldWeight in 1224, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6515355 = idf(docFreq=3014, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1224)
         0.26138422 = weight(abstract_txt:searcher in 1224) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.26138422 = score(doc=1224,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6175152 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.016907 = boost
               6.7725415 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.42328385 = fieldWeight in 1224, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.7725415 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1224)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

4. Kules, B.; Capra, R.: Influence of training and stage of search on gaze behavior in a library catalog faceted search interface (2012) 0.18

   0.17827384 = sum of:
     0.17827384 = product of:
       0.7428077 = sum of:
         0.026163228 = weight(abstract_txt:searching in 1130) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.026163228 = score(doc=1130,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09808644 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2645812 = boost
               4.267783 = idf(docFreq=1627, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.26673645 = fieldWeight in 1130, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.267783 = idf(docFreq=1627, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1130)
         0.027496109 = weight(abstract_txt:what in 1130) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027496109 = score(doc=1130,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10139011 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2857012 = boost
               4.33906 = idf(docFreq=1515, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.27119124 = fieldWeight in 1130, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.33906 = idf(docFreq=1515, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1130)
         0.016284106 = weight(abstract_txt:library in 1130) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016284106 = score(doc=1130,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08185046 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.414811 = boost
               3.1831915 = idf(docFreq=4815, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.19894947 = fieldWeight in 1130, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1831915 = idf(docFreq=4815, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1130)
         0.06815864 = weight(abstract_txt:during in 1130) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06815864 = score(doc=1130,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.12876217 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4488932 = boost
               4.88981 = idf(docFreq=873, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.52933747 = fieldWeight in 1130, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.88981 = idf(docFreq=873, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1130)
         0.081937164 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 1130) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.081937164 = score(doc=1130,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.17951278 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7049541 = boost
               3.6515355 = idf(docFreq=3014, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.45644194 = fieldWeight in 1130, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.6515355 = idf(docFreq=3014, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1130)
         0.52276844 = weight(abstract_txt:searcher in 1130) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.52276844 = score(doc=1130,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.6175152 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.016907 = boost
               6.7725415 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.8465677 = fieldWeight in 1130, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               6.7725415 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1130)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

5. Hsieh-Yee, I.: Effects of search experience and subject knowledge on the search tactics of novice and experienced searchers (1993) 0.17

   0.17138535 = sum of:
     0.17138535 = product of:
       0.7141056 = sum of:
         0.054895002 = weight(abstract_txt:observation in 3406) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.054895002 = score(doc=3406,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12759294 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.01986 = boost
               6.883767 = idf(docFreq=118, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.43023545 = fieldWeight in 3406, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.883767 = idf(docFreq=118, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3406)
         0.055174045 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 3406) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.055174045 = score(doc=3406,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.08876754 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2030103 = boost
               4.05999 = idf(docFreq=2003, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.6215565 = fieldWeight in 3406, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               4.05999 = idf(docFreq=2003, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3406)
         0.14272755 = weight(abstract_txt:idetified in 3406) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14272755 = score(doc=3406,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.24125518 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4023795 = boost
               9.465666 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.5916041 = fieldWeight in 3406, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.465666 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3406)
         0.052210517 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 3406) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.052210517 = score(doc=3406,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.104078375 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5953946 = boost
               3.5894876 = idf(docFreq=3207, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.50164616 = fieldWeight in 3406, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.5894876 = idf(docFreq=3207, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3406)
         0.14771432 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 3406) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14771432 = score(doc=3406,freq=13.0), product of:
             0.17951278 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7049541 = boost
               3.6515355 = idf(docFreq=3014, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.8228624 = fieldWeight in 3406, product of:
               3.6055512 = tf(freq=13.0), with freq of:
                 13.0 = termFreq=13.0
               3.6515355 = idf(docFreq=3014, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3406)
         0.26138422 = weight(abstract_txt:searcher in 3406) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.26138422 = score(doc=3406,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6175152 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.016907 = boost
               6.7725415 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=42740)
               0.018174393 = queryNorm
             0.42328385 = fieldWeight in 3406, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.7725415 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=42740)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3406)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)