Document (#8261)

Author
Milstead, J.L.
Title
Needs for research in indexing
Source
Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 45(1994) no.8, S.577-582
Year
1994
Abstract
In recent years, the amount of research in indexing appears to have decreased, despite the continued need for improvement in both quality and cost-effectiveness of indexing. The primary purpose of any index is to permit users to locate information; this implies both a need for research into user needs per se, and a requirement that any research be oriented toward the goal of meeting those needs. Cognitive processes of both indexers and index users need study; the former appear not to have been explicitely addressed in the literature. Issues of vocabulary control - the extent of control, or even whether it should be used at all - continue to present problems, despite the continued development of tools intended to aid in such control. Increased computer power has made it possible to relegate to the computer more of the tasks formerly carried out by humans. The need to determine how best to supplement human intellectual effort with computer capabilities has become urgent. Structure and layout of indexes, both on the printed page and on computer screens, remain primarily a matter of folklore and intuition, despite the existence of some research on the topic. Finally, more research on evaluation of indexes is required, to assure that all other efforts contribute to actual usability of the final product

Similar documents (author)

  1. Milstead, J.L.: Database design : Indexing applications (1989) 5.41
    5.4077277 = sum of:
      5.4077277 = weight(author_txt:milstead in 867) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.4077277 = score(doc=867,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
            8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
            0.115575336 = queryNorm
          5.407728 = fieldWeight in 867, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
            0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=867)
    
  2. Milstead, J.L.: Specifications for thesaurus software (1991) 5.41
    5.4077277 = sum of:
      5.4077277 = weight(author_txt:milstead in 2291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.4077277 = score(doc=2291,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
            8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
            0.115575336 = queryNorm
          5.407728 = fieldWeight in 2291, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
            0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2291)
    
  3. Milstead, J.L.: Methodologies for subject analysis in bibliographic databases (1992) 5.41
    5.4077277 = sum of:
      5.4077277 = weight(author_txt:milstead in 2311) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.4077277 = score(doc=2311,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
            8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
            0.115575336 = queryNorm
          5.407728 = fieldWeight in 2311, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
            0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2311)
    
  4. Milstead, J.L.: Natural versus inverted word order in subject headings (1980) 5.41
    5.4077277 = sum of:
      5.4077277 = weight(author_txt:milstead in 2867) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.4077277 = score(doc=2867,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
            8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
            0.115575336 = queryNorm
          5.407728 = fieldWeight in 2867, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
            0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2867)
    
  5. Milstead, J.L.: Methodologies for subject analysis in bibliographic databases (1992) 5.41
    5.4077277 = sum of:
      5.4077277 = weight(author_txt:milstead in 3092) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.4077277 = score(doc=3092,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
            8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
            0.115575336 = queryNorm
          5.407728 = fieldWeight in 3092, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
            0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3092)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Hwang, S.-Y.; Yang, W.-S.; Ting, K.-D.: Automatic index construction for multimedia digital libraries (2010) 0.15
    0.14865474 = sum of:
      0.14865474 = product of:
        0.5309098 = sum of:
          0.020691559 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 4228) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.020691559 = score(doc=4228,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07419284 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0038859 = boost
                3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.2788889 = fieldWeight in 4228, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4228)
          0.0843768 = weight(abstract_txt:index in 4228) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0843768 = score(doc=4228,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.13130304 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3354903 = boost
                4.74895 = idf(docFreq=1040, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.64261115 = fieldWeight in 4228, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.74895 = idf(docFreq=1040, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4228)
          0.121064514 = weight(abstract_txt:indexes in 4228) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.121064514 = score(doc=4228,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.1912058 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6115875 = boost
                5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.6331634 = fieldWeight in 4228, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4228)
          0.056144215 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 4228) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.056144215 = score(doc=4228,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.16522165 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8347735 = boost
                4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.3398115 = fieldWeight in 4228, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4228)
          0.06646146 = weight(abstract_txt:need in 4228) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06646146 = score(doc=4228,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.20349625 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3512378 = boost
                4.180454 = idf(docFreq=1837, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.32659796 = fieldWeight in 4228, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.180454 = idf(docFreq=1837, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4228)
          0.13868938 = weight(abstract_txt:despite in 4228) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.13868938 = score(doc=4228,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.30192035 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.4802485 = boost
                5.879776 = idf(docFreq=335, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.4593575 = fieldWeight in 4228, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.879776 = idf(docFreq=335, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4228)
          0.0434818 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 4228) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0434818 = score(doc=4228,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17555448 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.6746686 = boost
                3.170338 = idf(docFreq=5046, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.24768265 = fieldWeight in 4228, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.170338 = idf(docFreq=5046, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4228)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  2. Taylor, A.G.: Research and theoretical considerations in authority control (1989) 0.13
    0.13111296 = sum of:
      0.13111296 = product of:
        0.6555648 = sum of:
          0.028968181 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 438) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.028968181 = score(doc=438,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07419284 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0038859 = boost
                3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.39044446 = fieldWeight in 438, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=438)
          0.08296733 = weight(abstract_txt:needs in 438) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08296733 = score(doc=438,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17128381 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8681302 = boost
                4.428664 = idf(docFreq=1433, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.48438513 = fieldWeight in 438, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.428664 = idf(docFreq=1433, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=438)
          0.23013423 = weight(abstract_txt:control in 438) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.23013423 = score(doc=438,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.21301608 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.083316 = boost
                4.9387927 = idf(docFreq=860, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              1.0803609 = fieldWeight in 438, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                4.9387927 = idf(docFreq=860, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=438)
          0.20805728 = weight(abstract_txt:need in 438) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.20805728 = score(doc=438,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.20349625 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3512378 = boost
                4.180454 = idf(docFreq=1837, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              1.0224134 = fieldWeight in 438, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                4.180454 = idf(docFreq=1837, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=438)
          0.10543775 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 438) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10543775 = score(doc=438,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.17555448 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.6746686 = boost
                3.170338 = idf(docFreq=5046, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.60059845 = fieldWeight in 438, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.170338 = idf(docFreq=5046, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=438)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  3. Hjoerland, B.: Classical databases and knowledge organisation : a case for Boolean retrieval and human decision-making during search (2014) 0.12
    0.11785767 = sum of:
      0.11785767 = product of:
        0.42092025 = sum of:
          0.023409827 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 1398) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.023409827 = score(doc=1398,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.07419284 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0038859 = boost
                3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.31552678 = fieldWeight in 1398, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1398)
          0.07121112 = weight(abstract_txt:implies in 1398) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07121112 = score(doc=1398,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.15576208 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0285354 = boost
                7.314861 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.4571788 = fieldWeight in 1398, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.314861 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1398)
          0.044915374 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 1398) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.044915374 = score(doc=1398,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.16522165 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8347735 = boost
                4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.27184922 = fieldWeight in 1398, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1398)
          0.1222589 = weight(abstract_txt:continued in 1398) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1222589 = score(doc=1398,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.28138018 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9550151 = boost
                6.9519553 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.4344972 = fieldWeight in 1398, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.9519553 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1398)
          0.06575264 = weight(abstract_txt:control in 1398) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06575264 = score(doc=1398,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.21301608 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.083316 = boost
                4.9387927 = idf(docFreq=860, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.30867454 = fieldWeight in 1398, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.9387927 = idf(docFreq=860, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1398)
          0.05858697 = weight(abstract_txt:computer in 1398) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05858697 = score(doc=1398,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.21709536 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.428531 = boost
                4.317879 = idf(docFreq=1601, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.26986745 = fieldWeight in 1398, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.317879 = idf(docFreq=1601, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1398)
          0.03478544 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 1398) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03478544 = score(doc=1398,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17555448 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.6746686 = boost
                3.170338 = idf(docFreq=5046, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.19814612 = fieldWeight in 1398, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.170338 = idf(docFreq=5046, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1398)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  4. MacDougall, S.: Signposts on the information superhighway : indexes and access (2000) 0.12
    0.11546178 = sum of:
      0.11546178 = product of:
        0.48109075 = sum of:
          0.02482987 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 6106) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.02482987 = score(doc=6106,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07419284 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0038859 = boost
                3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.33466667 = fieldWeight in 6106, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6106)
          0.05845796 = weight(abstract_txt:index in 6106) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05845796 = score(doc=6106,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13130304 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3354903 = boost
                4.74895 = idf(docFreq=1040, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.44521406 = fieldWeight in 6106, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.74895 = idf(docFreq=1040, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6106)
          0.102726646 = weight(abstract_txt:indexes in 6106) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.102726646 = score(doc=6106,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1912058 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6115875 = boost
                5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.53725696 = fieldWeight in 6106, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6106)
          0.116693564 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 6106) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.116693564 = score(doc=6106,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.16522165 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8347735 = boost
                4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.70628494 = fieldWeight in 6106, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6106)
          0.09862896 = weight(abstract_txt:control in 6106) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09862896 = score(doc=6106,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.21301608 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.083316 = boost
                4.9387927 = idf(docFreq=860, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.4630118 = fieldWeight in 6106, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.9387927 = idf(docFreq=860, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6106)
          0.07975375 = weight(abstract_txt:need in 6106) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07975375 = score(doc=6106,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.20349625 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3512378 = boost
                4.180454 = idf(docFreq=1837, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.39191753 = fieldWeight in 6106, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.180454 = idf(docFreq=1837, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6106)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  5. Lancaster, F.W.: Trends in subject indexing from 1957 to 2000 (1980) 0.11
    0.11475132 = sum of:
      0.11475132 = product of:
        0.5737566 = sum of:
          0.08267203 = weight(abstract_txt:index in 208) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08267203 = score(doc=208,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.13130304 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3354903 = boost
                4.74895 = idf(docFreq=1040, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.6296277 = fieldWeight in 208, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.74895 = idf(docFreq=1040, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=208)
          0.102726646 = weight(abstract_txt:indexes in 208) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.102726646 = score(doc=208,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1912058 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6115875 = boost
                5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.53725696 = fieldWeight in 208, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=208)
          0.16502963 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 208) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.16502963 = score(doc=208,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.16522165 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8347735 = boost
                4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.9988378 = fieldWeight in 208, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=208)
          0.07111486 = weight(abstract_txt:needs in 208) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07111486 = score(doc=208,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17128381 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8681302 = boost
                4.428664 = idf(docFreq=1433, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.41518727 = fieldWeight in 208, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.428664 = idf(docFreq=1433, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=208)
          0.15221341 = weight(abstract_txt:computer in 208) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.15221341 = score(doc=208,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.21709536 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.428531 = boost
                4.317879 = idf(docFreq=1601, maxDocs=44218)
                0.02070315 = queryNorm
              0.7011362 = fieldWeight in 208, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.317879 = idf(docFreq=1601, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=208)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)