Search (23 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

Defines a national information policy, identifying 6 component areas. Describes some specific aspects of government action that can be used as a test of commitment to an national information policy. Suggests support for electronic information industries is one of the key methods by which a government can influence information policy, citing the case of the USA as an example. More specifically, considers freedom of information, and policy towards public and national libraries. Argues for the creation of a Coalition for Public Information in each major country, to provide a forum where members of the information community can participate in public policy discussions about technical, economic and social questions arising from the use of information derived from the new electronic communication and information delivery technologies

Source

Information management report. 1996, Mar., S.7-13

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Abstract

Reviews 3 pieces of research funded by Reuters, 1994-96, that surveyed the understanding of, and use of information by managers. Whilst managers are well aware of the importance of information, they do not feel in control of their use of it. They are not given all the information they need but at the same time are overwhelmed by too much information. They recognise information as important, but do not know how to value it. They think their organization has information policies, but are rarely aware of what the policies are. They find that their personal and social life can be damaged by the problems of too much information. Librarians and information managers seem not be considered as a solution to these problems. There is a clear market niche for information managers to exploit

Source

International journal of information management. 17(1997) no.4, S.239-248

Theme

Information Resources Management

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Content

Beitrag eines Themenheftes: The 50th Anniversary of the Journal of the American Society for Information Science. Pt.2: Paradigms, models, and models of information science

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 50(1999) no.12, S.1153-

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Abstract

Considers virtual reality and the applications of virtual reality that information workers will need to assimilate in the next decade or so. Considers possible applications in the library and information world, for example the extension of the notion of the virtual library using virtual reality

Source

Information management report. 1993, Nov., S. - , Dec., S.10-14

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Abstract

Discusses ways in which government can play a important role in shaping national policies for a nation's information infrastructure. Considers such factors as the development of national policies for: supporting the development of electronic information services; privacy and data protection; copyright; and public libraries and national libraries

Source

Journal of information science. 22(1996) no.6, S.407-421

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Abstract

The study of information needs has long be acknowlegded as one of the most important factors in the design of information services but has been hampered by the severe problem of designing user studies that will reliably measure them. Reviews the literature of previous research in this field, concluding that time and money are the chief constraints on information seeking behaviour. Describes a new observational technique for identifying the information needs of users and reports results of a small scale experiment to test the methodology. The observational technique involves the researcher being with the subject continuously throughout the day and observing their actions. The behaviour recorded was any action taken in order to answer a question. A small scale study was undertaken of 3 academics from the Psychology Department, University of Strathclyde, using the observational technique. The preferred technique of all the academics was to carry out their own research, followed by consultation with other individuals. One lecturer was a significantly heavier user of electronic media than the other two. The preferred physical locations of the information sources were personal collections and the University Library. One lecturer consistently used a wide range of sources while the other two strongly preferred to use personal contacts. Informal sources were found to be twice as popular as formal sources. A follow up questionnaire survey examined the possibility that previous training in the use of the library could explain the differences in the use of electronic information sources but results were found to be negative. Concludes that the new research tool developed for this type of study is both robust and likely to yield reliable information about user information needs

Source

Journal of librarianship and information science. 28(1996) no.1, S.15-24

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Considers the role of information systems and information technology (IT) within investment banks, based upon a survey of the literature and a small scale case study. Considers whether investment banks receive value for money from their investment in IT, and ways in which IT can be evaluated for its contribution to profitability. Concludes that failure to implement techniques for systematically identifying and qualifying IT costs and benefits has mede it difficult for them to determine the level of added value resulting from such investment and the contribution of IT towards the bottom line. Considers also what role technology plays in the strategic management process and concludes that it is essential to incorporate both information and IT strategy into the strategic management process, to ensue that IT is cooncentrated in those areas in which it cann add most value. Finally, considers the potential for deriving competitive advantage from IT

Source

Journal of information science. 20(1994) no.5, S.323-333

Theme

Information Resources Management

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Source

Information management report. 1993, Feb., S.9-13

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Abstract

The recently developed h-index has been applied to the literature produced by senior British-based academics in librarianship and information science. The majority of those evaluated currently hold senior positions in UK information science and librarianship departments; however, a small number of staff in other departments and retired "founding fathers" were analyzed as well. The analysis was carried out using the Web of Science (Thomson Scientific, Philadelphia, PA) for the years from 1992 to October 2005, and included both secondauthored papers and self-citations. The top-ranking British information scientist, Peter Willett, has an h-index of 31. However, it was found that Eugene Garfield, the founder of modern citation studies, has an even higher h-index of 36. These results support other studies suggesting that the h-index is a useful tool in the armory of bibliometrics.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.2, S.297-301

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Source

Journal of information science. 30(2005) no.5, S.459-

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Abstract

The Internet gives access for blind and visually impaired users to previously unobtainable information via Braille or speech synthesis interpretation. This paper looks at how three search engines, AltaVista, Yahoo! and Infoseek presented their information to a small group of visually impaired and blind users and how accessible individual Internet pages are. Two participants had varying levels of partial sight and two Subjects were blind and solely reliant on speech synthesis output. Subjects were asked for feedback on interface design at various stages of their search and any problems they encountered were noted. The barriers to access that were found appear to come about by lack of knowledge and thought by the page designers themselves. An accessible page does not have to be dull. By adhering to simple guidelines, visually impaired users would be able to access information more effectively than would otherwise be possible. Visually disabled people would also have the same opportunity to access knowledge as their sighted colleagues.

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Abstract

The rapidly increasing volume and variety of electronic or digitized information sources and their accessibility worldwide, have brought to the surface new issues concerning intellectual property, the complexity of the related legal questions and application of legislative measures in real world situations. Attemps to define 'intellectual property' from different points of view; considers the different types with different 'strengths' of protection, and the underlying objectives of such protection. Discusses copyright and international treaties on intellectual property, what is protected and for how long, the concept of fair use and the role of organizations concerned with reproduction rights. Presents a brief overview of the intellectual property questions relating to electronic media: machine readable databases, the information resources on the Internet, and images; electrocopying and downloading of texts and images from networks; and the special nature and copyright problems of multimedia. Also considers moral rights and the need for and feasibility of establishing Electronic Copyright Management System (ECMS)

Source

Information studies. 3(1997) no.1, S.5-22

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Source

Information management report. 1993, Jan., S.9-14

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Abstract

Citation indexes are based on the principle of authors citing previous articles of relevance. The paper demonstrates the long history of citing for precedent and notes how ISI's citation indexes differ from 'Shephards Citations'. The paper analyses some of the criticisms of citations counting, and some of the uses for which citation analysis has been employed. The paper also examines the idea of the development of an Acknowledgement Index, and concludes such an index is unlikely to be commercially viable. The paper describes a citation study of Eugene Garfield, and concludes that he may be the most heavily cited information scientist, that he is a heavy self-citer, and that the reasons why other authors cite Garfield are different from the reasons why he cites himself. The paper concludes that citation studies remain a valid methgod of analysis of individuals', institutions', or journals' impact, but need to be used with caution and in conjunction with other measures

Source

Journal of information science. 20(1994) no.1, S.2-15

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Source

Managing information. 1(1994) no.1, S.26-27

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Abstract

Covers issues concerned with copyright in machine readable records such as electronic databases and their usage. computer software and electrocopying. Considers the position regarding copyright in abstracts, and whether online databases can be considered literary works. Highlights some key court cases concerning database and compilation copyright in both the US and Europe. Notes the complex copyright implications of multimedia information delivery, and particular concerns over the copying and piracy of computer software. A European directive on database copyright is in preparation

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Source

Information management report. 1995, March, S.1-6

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Source

Information management report. 1996, May, S.11-16

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to report an investigation into the social and citation networks of three information scientists: David Nicholas, Peter Williams and Paul Huntington. Design/methodology/approach - Similarities between citation patterns and social closeness were identified and discussed. A total of 16 individuals in the citation network were identified and investigated using citation analysis, and a matrix formed of citations made between those in the network. Social connections between the 16 in the citation network were then investigated by means of a questionnaire, the results of which were merged into a separate matrix. These matrices were converted into visual social networks, using multidimensional scaling. A new deviance measure was devised for drawing comparisons between social and citation closeness in individual cases. Findings - Nicholas, Williams and Huntington were found to have cited 527 authors in the period 2000-2003, the 16 most cited becoming the subjects of further citation and social investigation. This comparison, along with the examination of visual representations indicates a positive correlation between social closeness and citation counts. Possible explanations for this correlation are discussed, and implications considered. Despite this correlation, the information scientists were found to cite widely outside their immediate social connections. Originality/value - Social network analysis has not been often used in combination with citation analysis to explore inter-relationships in research teams.

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Abstract

Increasing interdisciplinarity has been a policy objective since the 1990s, promoted by many governments and funding agencies, but the question is: How deeply has this affected the social sciences? Although numerous articles have suggested that research has become more interdisciplinary, yet no study has compared the extent to which the interdisciplinarity of different social science subjects has changed. To address this gap, changes in the level of interdisciplinarity since 1980 are investigated for subjects with many articles in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), using the percentage of cross-disciplinary citing documents (PCDCD) to evaluate interdisciplinarity. For the 14 SSCI subjects investigated, the median level of interdisciplinarity, as measured using cross-disciplinary citations, declined from 1980 to 1990, but rose sharply between 1990 and 2000, confirming previous research. This increase was not fully matched by an increase in the percentage of articles that were assigned to more than one subject category. Nevertheless, although on average the social sciences have recently become more interdisciplinary, the extent of this change varies substantially from subject to subject. The SSCI subject with the largest increase in interdisciplinarity between 1990 and 2000 was Information Science & Library Science (IS&LS) but there is evidence that the level of interdisciplinarity of IS&LS increased less quickly during the first decade of this century.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 62(2011) no.6, S.1118-1129