Search (24 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

Issues concerning the formulation and application of a model of how humans value information are examined. Formulation of a value function is based on research from modelling, value assessment, human information seeking behavior, and human decision making. The proposed function is incorporated into a computer-based fiction retrieval system and evaluated using data from nine searches. Evaluation is based on the ability of an individual's value function to discriminate among novels selected, rejected, and not considered. The results are discussed in terms of both formulation and utilization of a value function as well as the implications for extending the proposed formulation to other information seeking environments

Source

Information processing and management. 20(1984), S.583-601

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Source

Proceedings of the 12th Annual Internation ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. Ed.: N. Belkin et al

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Abstract

While most research in the area of human-information behavior has focused an a single dimension-either the psychological or the social-this case study demonstrated the importance of a multidimensional approach. The Cognitive Work Analysis framework guided this field study of one event of collaborative information retrieval (CIR) carried out by design engineers at Microsoft, including observations and interviews. Various dimensions explained the motives for this CIR event and the challenges the participants encountered: the cognitive dimension, the specific task and decision, the organization of the teamwork, and the organizational culture. Even though it is difficult at times to separate one dimension from another, and all are interdependent, the analysis uncovered several reasons for design engineers to engage in CIR, such as when they are new to the organization or the team, when the information lends itself to various interpretations, or when most of the needed information is not documented. Similar multidimensional studies will enhance our understanding of human-information behavior.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 55(2004) no.11, S.939-953

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Abstract

Cognitive systems engineering is the discipline underlying the design of computer-based information systems to support human work and endeavor. The book describes a cross-disciplinary framework for the integration of model concenpts from many different disciplines, such as engineering, psychology, cognitive science, management science, information and computer science. It is based on actual work performance in several domains

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Source

Theory and application of information research. Proc. of the 2nd Int. Research Forum on Information Science, 3.-6.8.1977, Copenhagen. Ed.: O. Harbo u, L. Kajberg

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Source

Social science information studies. 4(1984), S.167-183

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Source

Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conf. for Information and Documentation, Aarhus, Denmark, 28.-30.8.1989. Ed.: H. Clausen

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Source

2nd Symposium on Empirical Foundations of Information and Software Science, 3.-5.10.84, Atlanta

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Source

Empirical foundation of information and software science. Ed.: J.C. Agarwal u. P. Zunde

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Source

The marketing of library and information services, 2. Ed.: B. Cronin

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Abstract

This paper presents a framework for design of work support systems for modern, dynamic work environemnt in which stable work procedures are replaced with discretionary tasks and many action possibilities are available to the user. In this situation, classic task analysis is less effective and a framework is therefore presented for work analysis, separating a representation of the work domain, its means and ends, its relational structure, and the effective task strategies among which the user may choose, from a representation of the users' general background, resources, cognitive style and subjective preferences. The aim is to design systems for information seeking in complex work domains characterized by rapid changes in users' information needs that leave the freedom open to a user to choose a task strategy that suites the user in the particular situation. An important feature of this approach is a human-work interface with a transparent presentation of the action possibilities and functional/intentional boundaries of the work domain relevant for typical task situations and user categories. This is illustrated by examples from 2 different domains that merge the cognitive engineering approach with information science disciplines: the library domain, and information seeking in the engineering design domain using the Internet

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Abstract

Information retrieval and exploration of work domains through databases and integrated information systems has become increasingly important in many modern work settings (as well as in libraries). The problem space of the users is defined on occasion by the dynamically changing requirements from their tasks and goals. it is argued that IR system design should be based on an analysis of the properties of the work domain, the task situation and the user characteristics. The paper describes a general framework for IR system design that has been used in the design of a library system. A special problem identified from use of the framework in domain analysis of fiction retrieval is treated in more detail: mapping the authors' domain structures to the domain structures expressed in users' needs in indexing and representation of fiction

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Abstract

This paper describes a new OPAC system called The Book House and discusses its relevance as a solution to current OPAC developments. The Book House is an interactive, multimedia, online public access catalogue system designed to support casual and/or novice end-users in information retrieval. It runs on a Macintosh and is available on CD-ROM and disks in English and Danish (it can be purchased from Risø for $100). It comprises an interface and module for classifying and indexing fact and fiction books in the database called Book House Write. It uses icons, text and animation in the display interface in order to enhance the utility of the system for the general public. Both words and pictures can be used for searching, which makes the system suitable for all age groups. It plays on users' previous experiencees with computer games to support learning by doing something in an enjoyable way. A prerequisite for the design of The Book House was a new approach to cognitive analysis of retrieval in libraries. Based on the success of this approach, it is claimed that OPAC systems will only be really useful and widespread (1) when their domain and task characteristics allow supplementary information to be added to existing descriptions of book content in online card catalogues in order to match end-users' intentions and needs, and (2) when the user interface and routes to the databases are configured as an integrated and uniform set of displays which match the search strategies of users, as well as their mental capabilities and limitations

Imprint

Oxford : Learned Information

Source

Online information 93: 17th International Online Meeting Proceedings, London, 7.-9.12.1993. Ed. by D.I. Raitt et al

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Abstract

The Book House is an interactive, multimedia, online public access catalogue designed to support casual, novice users in information retrieval. It uses icons, text and animation in the display interface in order to enhance the utility of the system. A prerequisite for the design of The Book House was a cognitive analysis of users' information needs and search queries. The paper describes The BookHouse and discusses its relevance as a solution to the current OPAC developments

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Abstract

This paper describes the Book House system which is designed to support children's information retrieval in libraries as part of their education. It is a shareware program available on CD-ROM and discs, and comprises functionality for database searching as well as for the classification and storage of book information in the database. The system concept is based on an understanding of children's domain structures and their capabilities for categorization of information needs in connection with their activities in public libraries, in school libraries or in schools. These structures are visualized in the interface by using metaphors and multimedia technology. Through the use of text, images and animation, the Book House supports children - even at a very early age - to learn by doing in an enjoyable way which plays on their previous experiences with computer games. Both words and pictures can be used for searching; this makes the system suitable for all age groups. Even children who have not yet learned to read properly can by selecting pictures search for and find books they would like to have read aloud. Thus at the very beginning of their school period, they can learn to search for books on their own. For the library community itself, such a system will provide an extended service which will increase the number of children's own searches and also improve the relevance, quality and utilization of the collections in the libraries. A market research on the need for an annual indexing service for books in the Book House format is in preparation by the Danish Library Center

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Abstract

This paper introduces a new approach to the design of classification schemes for complex work domains to help structure the knowledge domains in databases for single users and multiple users in co-operative work. Ecological work based classification schemes are designed on the basis of an empirical analysis of the invariant structures of the work domain and of the information needs of its actors. Invariant structures of a work domain can be explicit or implicit (hidden structures). The invariant structures are identified through empirical analysis of field studies in work domains, guided by the use of a means ends abstraction hierarchy. This hierarchy provides a model for analyzing, or-ganizing and relating different levels of properties within a work domain. The resulting structure is an ecological classification scheme, comprising the different dimensions or categories of domain information that needs to be available for an actor to make a decision. Contrary to traditional classification systems which usually are designed from one particular point of view (a single discipline, paradigm or purpose), ecological classification schemes provide a transparent and structured information environment in which actors can navigate freely according to their current perspectives of work and subjective preferences

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Abstract

The BOOK HOUSE system is an example of a system for fiction retrieval, where the structure of the work domain is represented by a metaphor familiar to users, which provides the proper associations for the information retrieval task. It presents for users a coherent display of a complex, rich information context within which they can navigate freely without being constrained by the system. It is intended to support retrieval and decision making of fiction retrieval in both familiar, ambigous and problematic situations for casual, novice end users, to whom it provides the capability of visual exploration of icons and direct perception and manipulation of the iconic objects of the artificial, but familiar, environment of the BOOK HOUSE