Search (29 results, page 1 of 2)

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Content

Inhalt: The importance of information need -- The history of information need -- The framework for our discussion -- Modeling the user in information search -- Information seeking's conceptualization of information need during information search -- Information use -- Adaptation : internal information flows and knowledge generation -- A theory of information need -- How information need works -- The user's situation in the pre-focus search -- The situation of user's information need in pre-focus information search -- The selection concept -- A review of the user's pre-focus information search -- How information need works in a focusing search -- Circles 1 to 5 : how information need works -- Corroborating research -- Applying information need -- The astrolabe : an information system for stage 3 information exploration -- Conclusion.

LCSH

Information behavior
Information retrieval
Information storage and retrieval systems
Human information processing
Information theory

RSWK

Informationsverhalten / Information Retrieval / Informationstheorie

Subject

Informationsverhalten / Information Retrieval / Informationstheorie
Information behavior
Information retrieval
Information storage and retrieval systems
Human information processing
Information theory

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Content

Teil 1: Grundlagen des Information Retrieval: Schwerpunkte des Information Retrieval mit Relevanz für die praktische Recherchedurchführung: Arbeitsschritte einer Recherche, Voraussetzungen für Online-Recherchen, Überblick über Arten von Datenbanken und über Hosts, Benutzerhilfen, Softwaretools, Retrievalsprachen und Kosten; Teil 2: Methoden des Information Retrieval: Einführung in die Methoden des Information Retrieval anhand ausgewählter Beispiele zu Retrievalsprachen, windows-basierten Retrievaltools und Web-Search-Möglichkeiten mittels hostspezifischer Suchoberflächen

LCSH

Information Retrieval / Einführung (SBPK)

RSWK

Information Retrieval

Series

Materialien zur Information und Dokumentation; Bd.5

Subject

Information Retrieval
Information Retrieval / Einführung (SBPK)

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Abstract

Drawing on the research of experts from the fields of computing and library science, this ground-breaking work will show you how to combine two very different approaches to classification to create more effective, user-friendly information-retrieval systems. * Provides an interdisciplinary overview of current and potential approaches to organizing information by subject * Covers both pure computer science and pure library science topics in easy-to-understand language accessible to audiences from both disciplines * Reviews technological standards for representation, storage, and retrieval of varied knowledge-organization systems and their constituent elements * Suggests a collaborative approach that will reduce duplicate efforts and make it easier to find solutions to practical problems.

Content

Organizing information by subjectKnowledge organization systems (KOSs) -- Technological standards -- Automated tools for subject information organization : selected topics -- Perspectives for the future.

LCSH

Information organization
Information storage and retrieval systems

Subject

Information organization
Information storage and retrieval systems

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LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems / Mathematics

RSWK

Information Retrieval / Mengenlehre / Hilbert-Raum / Vektorraum / Aussagenlogik

Subject

Information Retrieval / Mengenlehre / Hilbert-Raum / Vektorraum / Aussagenlogik
Information storage and retrieval systems / Mathematics

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Content

"This book is a comprehensive presentation of information retrieval from a computer science point of view" - "Trotz der genannten Kritik kann der Band insgesamt empfohlen werden. Für die Lehre muss die Dimension der Benutzerorientierung allerdings von Anfang an durch weitere Texte abgedeckt werden. Für Praktiker kann das Buch mit seinem Glossar und Index auch als Nachschlgewerk diesen. Das umfangreiche Literaturverzeichnis und Hinweise auf Forschungsthemen mit Referenzen am Ende jedes Kapitels bieten für alle Themen die Möglichkeit zur Vertiefung

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems

RSWK

Information Retrieval

Subject

Information Retrieval
Information storage and retrieval systems

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BK

85.20 Betriebliche Information und Kommunikation
85.20 Betriebliche Information und Kommunikation

Classification

85.20 Betriebliche Information und Kommunikation
85.20 Betriebliche Information und Kommunikation
Wir A 70 Information
Pub A 91 / Information

LCSH

Industries / Information services
Science / Information services

RSWK

Elektronische Medien / Information / Wissenschaft (BVB)
Elektronische Medien / Information / Wirtschaft (BVB)

SBB

Wir A 70 Information
Pub A 91 / Information

Subject

Elektronische Medien / Information / Wissenschaft (BVB)
Elektronische Medien / Information / Wirtschaft (BVB)
Industries / Information services
Science / Information services

Theme

Information Resources Management

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Abstract

Information Retrieval ist die Wissenschaft, die Technik und die Praxis des Suchens und Findens von Informationen. Drei Anwendungsfälle zeigen die Relevanz dieser Teildisziplin in der Informationswissenschaft und Informatik: Suchmaschinen im Internet, Recherchewerkzeuge in unternehmensinternen Netzwerken und elektronische Informationsdienste. Das Lehrbuch vermittelt umfassend und auf leicht verständliche Weise grundlegende Kenntnisse über Theorien, Modelle und Anwendungen des Information Retrieval. Stock stellt die Retrievalforschung als einheitliche Wissenschaftsdisziplin dar, die klassische Modelle sowie aktuelle Ansätze des Web Information Retrieval gleichermaßen umfasst. Neben dem Retrieval nach Texten behandelt das Buch weitere Medien wie Bilder, Videos, gesprochene Sprache und Musik.

Content

Enthält die Kapitel: - Grundlagen der Informationswissenschaft Ziel der Buchreihe - Informationswissenschaft - Information und Wissen - Propädeutik des Information Retrieval Geschichte des Information Retrieval - Grundbegriffe des Information Retrieval - Relevanz und Pertinenz - Dokumente - Typologie von Retrievalsystemen - Architektur eines Retrievalsystems - Boolesche Retrievalsysteme Boolesches Retrieval - Informetrische Analysen - Erweitertes Boolesches Retrieval - Informationslinguistik - Natural Language Processing n-Gramme - Worte - Phrasen, Eigennamen, Komposita - Begriffe - Anaphora - Fehlertolerantes Retrieval - Klassische Retrievalmodelle Textstatistik - Vektorraummodell - Probabilistisches Modell - Web Information Retrieval Linktopologie - Strukturinformationen in Dokumenten - Nutzer und Nutzung - Themenentdeckung und -verfolgung - Spezialprobleme des Information Retrieval Soziale Netzwerke und "small worlds" - Kontrolliertes Vokabular - Sprachübergreifendes Retrieval - Anfragedialog - Retrieval von Textstellen - Bild- und Tonretrieval

Footnote

Rez. in: BuB 59(2007) H.3, S.238-239 (J. Plieninger): " ... Wertvoll ist bei Stocks »Information Retrieval« auch der Blick auf die Informationsbedürfnisse und das Verhalten der Benutzer. Er beschreibt auch daraus folgende unterschiedliche Fragestellungen für die Recherche, etwa ob es sich um ein konkretes Informationsbedürfnis handelt (Concrete Information Need - CIN) oder um ein problemorientiertes (Problem Oriented Information Need - POIN; Seite 51 f.). Das Buch geht über das hinaus, was man als Bibliothekar/in sonst auf dem Suchsektor zu lesen gewohnt ist - genau die richtige Mischung an Informationen zur vielgestaltigen Methodik, Hintergrundinformationen und Schilderung praktischer Anwendungsbereiche. Insofern stellt die Lektüre dieses grundlegenden Buches eine Bereicherung für alle dar, die mit der Recherche im weitesten Sinne zu tun haben: Neben Informationswissenschaftlern und Studierenden dieses Faches sind es vor allem Bibliothekare, die mit dem Suchen und Finden sowie der Schulung in diesem Bereich beauftragt sind."
Weitere Rez. in: Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis 58(2007) H.5, S.318-319 (R. Ferber): "Mit Information Retrieval - Informationen suchen und finden von Wolfgang G. Stock liegt ein ca. 600-seitiges Lehrbuch aus dem Oldenbourg Verlag vor. Der Einleitung kann man entnehmen, dass es sich dabei nur um den ersten Band einer vierbändigen Reihe zur Informationswissenschaft handelt. Der Klappentext verspricht die umfassende Vermittlung grundlegender Kenntnisse über Theorien, Modelle und Anwendungen des Information Retrieval, dargestellt als einheitliche Wissenschaftsdisziplin, die klassische Modelle und aktuelle Ansätze des Web Information Retrieval umfasst. Wie sein Umfang bereits erwarten lässt, bietet das Buch einen breiten Zugang zum Thema Information Retrieval. Es ist in weiten Teilen in einem erzählenden und kommunikativen Stil geschrieben, der durch viele Beispiele und rhetorische Fragen den Zugang zum Thema erleichtert. . . . Insgesamt bietet das Buch eine gute und ausführliche Einführung in das Thema Information Retrieval. Seine Stärke sind die Breite der Quellen und dargestellten Ansätze, die ausführliche Einführung in die verschiedenen Themen, Fragestellungen und Lösungsansätze, insbesondere in den Bereichen Textstatistik und Informetrie. Es ist gut zu lesen, auch wenn man sich manchmal etwas mehr inhaltliche Stringenz wünschen würde. Die Merk(ab) sätze am Schluss jedes Kapitels erleichtern auch dem eiligen Leser die Orientierung in dem durchaus umfangreichen Werk."

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems
Information retrieval

RSWK

Information Retrieval / Lehrbuch

Subject

Information Retrieval / Lehrbuch
Information storage and retrieval systems
Information retrieval

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BK

06.00 Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines

Classification

06.00 Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines

RSWK

Information Retrieval / Kongress / Frankfurt <Main, 2005>

Subject

Information Retrieval / Kongress / Frankfurt <Main, 2005>

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Content

Inhalt: KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION Towards a Future for Knowledge Organization Ingetraut Dahlberg Professor Neelameghan's Contribution to the Advancement and Development of Classification in the Context of Knowledge Organization Nancy J. Williamson Knowledge Orgnization System Over Time S. Seetharama The Facet Concept as a Universal Principle of Subdivisio Clare Beghtol Facet Analysis as a Knowledge Management Tool on the Internet Kathryn La Barre and Pauline Atherton Cochrane The Universal Decimal Classification: A Response to a Challenge I. C. Mellwaine Controlled Vocabularies as a Sphere of Influence Anita S. Coleman and Paul Bracke Aligning Systems of Relationship Rebecca Green and Carol A. Bean Terminologies, Ontologies and Information Access Widad Mustafa El Hadi SATSAN AUTOMATRIX Version 1 : A Computer Programme for Synthesis of Colon Class Number According to the Postulational Approach B. G. Satyapal and N. Sanjivini Satyapal. INTEROPERABILITY, DIGITAL LIBRARY AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL Interoperable Institutional Digital Research Repositories and Their Potential for Open Access Research Knowledge Management T. B. Rajashekar Boundary Objects and the Digital Library Michael Shepherd and Corolyn Watters A PFT-based Approach to Make CDS/ISIS Data based OAI-Compliant Francis Jayakanth and L. Aswath The changing Language Technology and CDS/ ISIS: UNICODE and the Emergence of OTF K. H. Hussain and J. S. Rajeev Text Mining in Biomedicine: Challenges and Opportunities Padmini Srinivasan Determining Authorship of Web Pages Timothy C. Craven
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN SPECIALIZED AREAS Information System for Knowledge Management in the Specialized Division of a Hospital M. C. Vasudevan; Murali Mohan and Amit Kapoor Five Laws of Information Service and Architecting Knowledge Infrastructure for Education and Development k. R. Srivathsan Documentation of Compositions in Carnatic Music: Need for and Utility of a Computerized Database K. S. Nagarajan Saint Tyagaraja CD: A Model for Knowledge Organization and Presentation of Classical Carnatic Music---T. N. Rajan The National Tuberculosis Institute, Bangalore; Recent Development in Library and Information Services Sudha S. Murthy Sri Ramakrishna Math Libraries: Computer Applications D.N. Nagaraja Rao Save the Time of the Godly: Information Mediator's Role in Promoting Spiritual and Religious Accommodation Mohamed Taher INFORMATION SOCIETY Information Society, Information Networks and National Development : An Overview P. B. Mangla Digital Divide in India-Narrowing the Gap: An Appraisal with Special Reference to Karnataka K. N. Prasad Future of the Book: Will the Printed Book Survive the Digital Age? K. A. Isaac Role of Traditional Librarianship in the Internet/Digital Era a. Ratnakar A New Paradigm of Education System for Reaching the Unreached Through Open and Distance Education with Special Reference to the Indian Initiative S. B. Ghosh Knowledge Workers of the New Millennium: An Instance of Interdisciplinary Exchange and Discovery Michael Medland

RSWK

Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation / Elektronische Bibliothek / Informationsgesellschaft / Information Retrieval (GBV)

Subject

Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation / Elektronische Bibliothek / Informationsgesellschaft / Information Retrieval (GBV)

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LCSH

Information technology

RSWK

Information Retrieval / CD-ROM / Benutzeroberfläche

Subject

Information Retrieval / CD-ROM / Benutzeroberfläche
Information technology

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Abstract

This book contributes to discussions within Information Retrieval and Science (IR&S) by improving our conceptual understanding of the relationship between humans and technology. A call to redirect the intellectual focus of information retrieval and science (IR&S) toward the phenomenon of technology-mediated experience. In this book, Sachi Arafat and Elham Ashoori issue a call to reorient the intellectual focus of information retrieval and science (IR&S) away from search and related processes toward the more general phenomenon of technology-mediated experience. Technology-mediated experience accounts for an increasing proportion of human lived experience; the phenomenon of mediation gets at the heart of the human-machine relationship. Framing IR&S more broadly in this way generalizes its problems and perspectives, dovetailing them with those shared across disciplines dealing with socio-technical phenomena. This reorientation of IR&S requires imagining it as a new kind of science: a science of technology-mediated experience (STME). Arafat and Ashoori not only offer detailed analysis of the foundational concepts underlying IR&S and other technical disciplines but also boldly call for a radical, systematic appropriation of the sciences and humanities to create a better understanding of the human-technology relationship. Arafat and Ashoori discuss the notion of progress in IR&S and consider ideas of progress from the history and philosophy of science. They argue that progress in IR&S requires explicit linking between technical and nontechnical aspects of discourse. They develop a network of basic questions and present a discursive framework for addressing these questions. With this book, Arafat and Ashoori provide both a manifesto for the reimagining of their field and the foundations on which a reframed IR&S would rest.

Content

The embedding of the foundational in the adhoc -- Notions of progress in information retrieval -- From growth to progress I : methodology for understanding progress -- From growth to progress II : the network of discourse -- Basic questions characterising foundations discourse -- Enduring nature of foundations -- Foundations as the way to the authoritative against the authoritarian : a conclusion

LCSH

Information science
Information retrieval

Series

History and foundations of information science

Subject

Information science
Information retrieval

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Abstract

How do you find your way in an age of information overload? How can you filter streams of complex information to pull out only what you want? Why does it matter how information is structured when Google seems to magically bring up the right answer to your questions? What does it mean to be "findable" in this day and age? This eye-opening new book examines the convergence of information and connectivity. Written by Peter Morville, author of the groundbreakin Information Architecture for the World Wide Web, the book defines our current age as a state of unlimited findability. In other words, anyone can find anything at any time. Complete navigability. Morville discusses the Internet, GIS, and other network technologies that are coming together to make unlimited findability possible. He explores how the melding of these innovations impacts society, since Web access is now a standard requirement for successful people and businesses. But before he does that, Morville looks back at the history of wayfinding and human evolution, suggesting that our fear of being lost has driven us to create maps, charts, and now, the mobile Internet.
The book's central thesis is that information literacy, information architecture, and usability are all critical components of this new world order. Hand in hand with that is the contention that only by planning and designing the best possible software, devices, and Internet, will we be able to maintain this connectivity in the future. Morville's book is highlighted with full color illustrations and rich examples that bring his prose to life. Ambient Findability doesn't preach or pretend to know all the answers. Instead, it presents research, stories, and examples in support of its novel ideas. Are w truly at a critical point in our evolution where the quality of our digital networks will dictate how we behave as a species? Is findability indeed the primary key to a successful global marketplace in the 21st century and beyond. Peter Morville takes you on a thought-provoking tour of these memes and more -- ideas that will not only fascinate but will stir your creativity in practical ways that you can apply to your work immediately.

Footnote

Rez. in: nfd - Information Wissenschaft und Praxis 57(2006) H.3, S.177-178 (D. Lewandowski): "Wohl unbestritten ist, dass die Suche in Informationsbeständen eine immer größere Bedeutung erhält. Wir suchen nicht nur noch explizit, indem wir ein Informationssystem anwählen und dort eine Suche absetzen, sondern verwenden Suchfunktionen innerhalb von Programmen, auf Websites, innerhalb des Betriebssystems unseres Computers oder sogar ziemlich unbewusst, indem wir Informationen maßgeschneidert aufgrund einer einmal hinterlegten Suche oder eines automatisch erstellten Suchprofils erhalten. Man kann also in der Tat davon sprechen, dass wir von der Suche umgeben werden. Das ist mit dem Konzept der "Ambient Findability" gemeint. Angelehnt ist diese Bezeichnung an den Begriff der "Ambient Music" (in den 70er Jahren durch Brian Eno geprägt), die den Hörer umgibt und von ihm oft gar nicht aktiv wahrgenommen wird. Um eine Vorstellung von dieser Musik zu bekommen, eignet sich vielleicht am besten der Titel einer Platte eben von Brian Eno: "Music for Airports". Peter Morville, bekannt als Co-Autor des empfehlenswerten Buchs "Information Architecture for the World Wide Web"', hat sich nun mit der Veränderung der Suche auseinandergesetzt. Sein Buch bedient sich in ganz unterschiedlichen Disziplinen, um die Prozesse des Suchens, Stöberns und Findens aufzuzeigen. So finden sich Betrachtungen über die Orientierung des Menschen in unbekannten Umgebungen, über die Interaktion mit Informationssystemen, über das soziale Verhalten der Web-Nutzer (Stichworte: Content-Tagging, Folksonomies, Social Networking) und über technische Veränderungen durch die Verfügbarkeit von Informationssystemen in allen Lebenskontexten, vor allem auch über mobile Endgeräte. Das Buch ist in sieben Kapitel gegliedert. Das erste, "Lost and Found" betitelt, bietet auf wenigen Seiten die Definitionen der zentralen Begriffe ambient und findability, erläutert kurz das Konzept der Information Literacy und zeigt, dass die bessere Auffindbarkeit von Informationen nicht nur ein schöner Zusatznutzen ist, sondern sich für Unternehmen deutlich auszahlt.
Das zweite Kapitel ("A Brief History of Wayfinding") beschreibt, wie Menschen sich in Umgebungen zurechtfinden. Dies ist insofern interessant, als hier nicht erst bei Informationssystemen oder dem WWW begonnen wird, sondern allgemeine Erkenntnisse beispielsweise über die Orientierung in natürlichen Umgebungen präsentiert werden. Viele typische Verhaltensweisen der Nutzer von Informationssystemen können so erklärt werden. So interessant dieses Thema allerdings ist, wirkt das Kapitel leider doch nur wie eine Zusammenstellung von Informationen aus zweiter Hand. Offensichtlich ist, dass Morville nicht selbst an diesen Themen geforscht hat, sondern die Ergebnisse (wenn auch auf ansprechende Weise) zusammengeschrieben hat. Dieser Eindruck bestätigt sich auch in weiteren Kapiteln: Ein flüssig geschriebener Text, der es jedoch an einigen Stellen an Substanz fehlen lässt. Kapitel drei, "Information Interaction" beginnt mit einem Rückgriff auf Calvin Mooers zentrale Aussage aus dem Jahre 1959: "An information retrieval system will tend not to be used whenever it is more painful and troublesome for a customer to have information than for him not to have it." In der Tat sollte man sich dies bei der Erstellung von Informationssystemen immer vergegenwärtigen; die Reihe der Systeme, die gerade an dieser Hürde gescheitert sind, ist lang. Das weitere Kapitel führt in einige zentrale Konzepte der Informationswissenschaft (Definition des Begriffs Information, Erläuterung des Information Retrieval, Wissensrepräsentation, Information Seeking Behaviour) ein, allerdings ohne jeden Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Es wirkt vielmehr so, dass der Autor sich die gerade für sein Anliegen passenden Konzepte auswählt und konkurrierende Ansätze beiseite lässt. Nur ein Beispiel: Im Abschnitt "Information Interaction" wird relativ ausführlich das Konzept des Berrypicking nach Marcia J. Bates präsentiert, allerdings wird es geradezu als exklusiv verkauft, was es natürlich bei weitem nicht ist. Natürlich kann es nicht Aufgabe dieses Buchs sein, einen vollständigen Überblick über alle Theorien des menschlichen Suchverhaltens zu geben (dies ist an anderer Stelle vorbildlich geleistet worden'), aber doch wenigstens der Hinweis auf einige zentrale Ansätze wäre angebracht gewesen. Spätestens in diesem Kapitel wird klar, dass das Buch sich definitiv nicht an Informationswissenschaftler wendet, die auf der einen Seite mit den grundlegenden Themen vertraut sein dürften, andererseits ein wenig mehr Tiefgang erwarten würden. Also stellt sich die Frage - und diese ist zentral für die Bewertung des gesamten Werks.
Für wen wurde dieses Buch eigentlich geschrieben? Der Verlag, sonst für eher praktisch orientierte Computerbücher bekannt, ordnet es auf dem Umschlag den Bereichen "Marketing" sowie "Technology & Society" zu. Für letztere Zielgruppe ist es aber sicher weniger geeignet, da auch der gesellschaftliche Hintergrund zu dünn ist. So bleibt der Bereich Marketing oder doch eher die Zielgruppe derjenigen, die ohne fachbezogenes Studium in den Bereich Informationssysteme bzw. Informationsarchitektur "hineingeschlittert" sind. Für diese mag auch das Kapitel über "Information Interaction" (bedingt) geeignet sein, bietet es doch zumindest einen gut lesbaren Einblick in einige zentrale Punkte. Das vierte Kapitel ("Intertwingled") beschreibt den Zugriff auf Informationen mittels verschiedener Erdgeräte in unterschiedlichen Kontexten. Es geht hier neben neuen Ansätzen des Wegefindens, um lokalisierbare Objekte und Kleidung, in die Informationstechnologie mit eingebaut ist. Dabei handelt es sich um einen guten (und vor allem beispielreichen) Überblick der aufkommenden Technologien. Kapitel s behandelt die Integration von Push- und PullAnsätzen, wobei die zentrale Aussage lautet, dass beide Ansätze immer mehr zusammenwachsen und die Entscheidung für den einen oder den anderen Ansatz vom Nutzer spontan gemäß seinen Informationsbedürfnissen getroffen wird. In diesem Kapitel wird auch das Thema Personalisierung abgehandelt und auf die bei der Personalisierung entstehenden Probleme eingegangen. Lange Zeit wurde Personalisierung schlicht als ein Verfahren gesehen, aus einmal erfassten Nutzerdaten Empfehlungen abzuleiten. Dass dies nicht problemlos möglich ist, erläutert Morville an einigen Punkten. Etwas bedauerlich ist hier, dass die Erläuterungen sehr knapp gehalten sind. Gerade zu diesem interessanten Thema hätte man gerne mehr Details erfahren.
Im Kapitel über das "Sociosemantic Web" werden die groben Grundzüge der Klassifikationslehre erläutert, um dann ausführlich auf neuere Ansätze der Web-Erschließung wie Social Tagging und Folksonomies einzugehen. Auch dieses Kapitel gibt eher einen Überblick als den schon Kundigen vertiefende Informationen zu liefern. Das letzte Kapitel widmet sich schließlich der Art, wie Entscheidungen getroffen werden, der Network Culture, dem Information Overload, um schließlich zu den "Inspired Decisions" zu gelangen - Entscheidungen, die sowohl auf "sachlichen Informationen" (also den klassischen Zutaten der "informed decisions") als auch aus aus Netzwerken stammenden Informationen wie etwa Empfehlungen durch Freunde oder Community-Mitglieder irgendeiner Art gewonnen werden. Fasst man zusammen, so ist an Morvilles Text besonders bemerkenswert, dass nach einigen Jahren, in denen die Suche im Web als ein Problem der Suche in unstrukturierten Daten angesehen wurde, nun wieder verstärkt Erschließungsansätze, die auf klassische Erschließungsinstrumente zurückgreifen, propagiert werden. Zwar sollen sie nicht in ihrer ursprünglichen Form angewandt werden, da den Nutzern nicht zuzumuten ist, sich mit den entsprechenden Regeln auseinanderzusetzen, aber auch hinter der auf den ersten Blick zumindest chaotisch wirkenden Folksonomy ist das Prinzip der Klassifikation zu erkennen. Um die modernen Ansätze erfolgreich zu machen, bedarf es aber dringend Information Professionals, die das "beste aus beiden Welten" verbinden, um moderne, für den Nutzer optimale Informationssysteme zu schaffen. Für die Gesamtbewertung des Buchs gelten die bereits zu einzelnen Kapitels angeführten Kritikpunkte: In erster Linie bleibt das Buch zu sehr an der Oberfläche und wirkt irgendwie "zusammengeschrieben" anstatt als Ergebnis der tiefgreifenden Beschäftigung mit dem Thema. Als eine Einführung in aufkommende Technologien rund um die Suche ist es aber durchaus geeignet - gut lesbar ist der Text auf jeden Fall.

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems

RSWK

Information Retrieval (GBV)
Information Retrieval / Ubiquitous Computing (GBV)
Information Retrieval / Datenbanksystem / Suchmaschine (GBV)
Information Retrieval / Datenbanksystem (BVB)

Subject

Information Retrieval (GBV)
Information Retrieval / Ubiquitous Computing (GBV)
Information Retrieval / Datenbanksystem / Suchmaschine (GBV)
Information Retrieval / Datenbanksystem (BVB)
Information storage and retrieval systems

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RSWK

Suchmaschine / Semantic Web / Information Retrieval
Suchmaschine / Information Retrieval / Ranking / Datenstruktur / Kontextbezogenes System

Subject

Suchmaschine / Semantic Web / Information Retrieval
Suchmaschine / Information Retrieval / Ranking / Datenstruktur / Kontextbezogenes System

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Abstract

With the current changes driven by the expansion of the World Wide Web, this book uses a different approach from other books on the market: it applies ontologies to electronically available information to improve the quality of knowledge management in large and distributed organizations. Ontologies are formal theories supporting knowledge sharing and reuse. They can be used to explicitly represent semantics of semi-structured information. These enable sophisticated automatic support for acquiring, maintaining and accessing information. Methodology and tools are developed for intelligent access to large volumes of semi-structured and textual information sources in intra- and extra-, and internet-based environments to employ the full power of ontologies in supporting knowledge management from the information client perspective and the information provider. The aim of the book is to support efficient and effective knowledge management and focuses on weakly-structured online information sources. It is aimed primarily at researchers in the area of knowledge management and information retrieval and will also be a useful reference for students in computer science at the postgraduate level and for business managers who are aiming to increase the corporations' information infrastructure. The Semantic Web is a very important initiative affecting the future of the WWW that is currently generating huge interest. The book covers several highly significant contributions to the semantic web research effort, including a new language for defining ontologies, several novel software tools and a coherent methodology for the application of the tools for business advantage. It also provides 3 case studies which give examples of the real benefits to be derived from the adoption of semantic-web based ontologies in "real world" situations. As such, the book is an excellent mixture of theory, tools and applications in an important area of WWW research. * Provides guidelines for introducing knowledge management concepts and tools into enterprises, to help knowledge providers present their knowledge efficiently and effectively. * Introduces an intelligent search tool that supports users in accessing information and a tool environment for maintenance, conversion and acquisition of information sources. * Discusses three large case studies which will help to develop the technology according to the actual needs of large and or virtual organisations and will provide a testbed for evaluating tools and methods. The book is aimed at people with at least a good understanding of existing WWW technology and some level of technical understanding of the underpinning technologies (XML/RDF). It will be of interest to graduate students, academic and industrial researchers in the field, and the many industrial personnel who are tracking WWW technology developments in order to understand the business implications. It could also be used to support undergraduate courses in the area but is not itself an introductory text.

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Footnote

Vgl. die Rez. zu: Fowler, K.K. (Hrsg.): Using the mathematical literature. New York: Dekker 2004. 389 S. ISBN 0-8247-8971-7. (Books in library and information science; 66) in: Mathematical intelligencer 27(2005) no.2, S.80-81 (J.P. Ladwig u. E.B. Williams):

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Abstract

Some web sites "work" and some don't. Good web site consultants know that you can't just jump in and start writing HTML, the same way you can't build a house by just pouring a foundation and putting up some walls. You need to know who will be using the site, and what they'll be using it for. You need some idea of what you'd like to draw their attention to during their visit. Overall, you need a strong, cohesive vision for the site that makes it both distinctive and usable. Information Architecture for the World Wide Web is about applying the principles of architecture and library science to web site design. Each web site is like a public building, available for tourists and regulars alike to breeze through at their leisure. The job of the architect is to set up the framework for the site to make it comfortable and inviting for people to visit, relax in, and perhaps even return to someday. Most books on web development concentrate either on the aesthetics or the mechanics of the site. This book is about the framework that holds the two together. With this book, you learn how to design web sites and intranets that support growth, management, and ease of use. Special attention is given to: * The process behind architecting a large, complex site * Web site hierarchy design and organization Information Architecture for the World Wide Web is for webmasters, designers, and anyone else involved in building a web site. It's for novice web designers who, from the start, want to avoid the traps that result in poorly designed sites. It's for experienced web designers who have already created sites but realize that something "is missing" from their sites and want to improve them. It's for programmers and administrators who are comfortable with HTML, CGI, and Java but want to understand how to organize their web pages into a cohesive site. The authors are two of the principals of Argus Associates, a web consulting firm. At Argus, they have created information architectures for web sites and intranets of some of the largest companies in the United States, including Chrysler Corporation, Barron's, and Dow Chemical.

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems / Architecture

Subject

Information storage and retrieval systems / Architecture

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Content

What is metadata? - Metadata schemas & their relationships to particular communities - Library and information-related metadata schemas - Creating library metadata for monographic materials - Creating library metadata for continuing materials - Integrating library metadata into local cataloging and bibliographic - databases - Digital collections/digital libraries - Archiving & preserving digital materials - Impact of digital resources on library services - Future possibilities

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST. 58(2007) no.6., S.909-910 (A.D. Petrou): "A division in metadata definitions for physical objects vs. those for digital resources offered in Chapter 1 is punctuated by the use of broader, more inclusive metadata definitions, such as data about data as well as with the inclusion of more specific metadata definitions intended for networked resources. Intertwined with the book's subject matter, which is to "distinguish traditional cataloguing from metadata activity" (5), the authors' chosen metadata definition is also detailed on page 5 as follows: Thus while granting the validity of the inclusive definition, we concentrate primarily on metadata as it is most commonly thought of both inside and outside of the library community, as "structured information used to find, access, use and manage information resources primarily in a digital environment." (International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science, 2003) Metadata principles discussed by the authors include modularity, extensibility, refinement and multilingualism. The latter set is followed by seven misconceptions about metadata. Two types of metadata discussed are automatically generated indexes and manually created records. In terms of categories of metadata, the authors present three sets of them as follows: descriptive, structural, and administrative metadata. Chapter 2 focuses on metadata for communities of practice, and is a prelude to content in Chapter 3 where metadata applications, use, and development are presented from the perspective of libraries. Chapter 2 discusses the emergence and impact of metadata on organization and access of online resources from the perspective of communities for which such standards exist and for the need for mapping one standard to another. Discussion focuses on metalanguages, such as Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and eXtensible Markup Language (XML), "capable of embedding descriptive elements within the document markup itself' (25). This discussion falls under syntactic interoperability. For semantic interoperability, HTML and other mark-up languages, such as Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) and Computer Interchange of Museum Information (CIMI), are covered. For structural interoperability, Dublin Core's 15 metadata elements are grouped into three areas: content (title, subject, description, type, source, relation, and coverage), intellectual property (creator, publisher, contributor and rights), and instantiation (date, format, identifier, and language) for discussion.
Other selected specialized metadata element sets or schemas, such as Government Information Locator Service (GILS), are presented. Attention is brought to the different sets of elements and the need for linking up these elements across metadata schemes from a semantic point of view. It is no surprise, then, that after the presentation of additional specialized sets of metadata from the educational community and the arts sector, attention is turned to the discussion of Crosswalks between metadata element sets or the mapping of one metadata standard to another. Finally, the five appendices detailing elements found in Dublin Core, GILS, ARIADNE versions 3 and 3. 1, and Categories for the Description of Works of Art are an excellent addition to this chapter's focus on metadata and communities of practice. Chapters 3-6 provide an up-to-date account of the use of metadata standards in Libraries from the point of view of a community of practice. Some of the content standards included in these four chapters are AACR2, Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), and Library of Congress Subject Classification. In addition, uses of MARC along with planned implementations of the archival community's encoding scheme, EAD, are covered in detail. In a way, content in these chapters can be considered as a refresher course on the history, current state, importance, and usefulness of the above-mentioned standards in Libraries. Application of the standards is offered for various types of materials, such as monographic materials, continuing resources, and integrating library metadata into local catalogs and databases. A review of current digital library projects takes place in Chapter 7. While details about these projects tend to become out of date fast, the sections on issues and problems encountered in digital projects and successes and failures deserve any reader's close inspection. A suggested model is important enough to merit a specific mention below, in a short list format, as it encapsulates lessons learned from issues, problems, successes, and failures in digital projects. Before detailing the model, however, the various projects included in Chapter 7 should be mentioned. The projects are: Colorado Digitization Project, Cooperative Online Resource Catalog (an Office of Research project by OCLC, Inc.), California Digital Library, JSTOR, LC's National Digital Library Program and VARIATIONS.
Chapter 8 discusses issues of archiving and preserving digital materials. The chapter reiterates, "What is the point of all of this if the resources identified and catalogued are not preserved?" (Gorman, 2003, p. 16). Discussion about preservation and related issues is organized in five sections that successively ask why, what, who, how, and how much of the plethora of digital materials should be archived and preserved. These are not easy questions because of media instability and technological obsolescence. Stakeholders in communities with diverse interests compete in terms of which community or representative of a community has an authoritative say in what and how much get archived and preserved. In discussing the above-mentioned questions, the authors once again provide valuable information and lessons from a number of initiatives in Europe, Australia, and from other global initiatives. The Draft Charter on the Preservation of the Digital Heritage and the Guidelines for the Preservation of Digital Heritage, both published by UNESCO, are discussed and some of the preservation principles from the Guidelines are listed. The existing diversity in administrative arrangements for these new projects and resources notwithstanding, the impact on content produced for online reserves through work done in digital projects and from the use of metadata and the impact on levels of reference services and the ensuing need for different models to train users and staff is undeniable. In terms of education and training, formal coursework, continuing education, and informal and on-the-job training are just some of the available options. The intensity in resources required for cataloguing digital materials, the questions over the quality of digital resources, and the threat of the new digital environment to the survival of the traditional library are all issues quoted by critics and others, however, who are concerned about a balance for planning and resources allocated for traditional or print-based resources and newer digital resources. A number of questions are asked as part of the book's conclusions in Chapter 10. Of these questions, one that touches on all of the rest and upon much of the book's content is the question: What does the future hold for metadata in libraries? Metadata standards are alive and well in many communities of practice, as Chapters 2-6 have demonstrated. The usefulness of metadata continues to be high and innovation in various elements should keep information professionals engaged for decades to come. There is no doubt that metadata have had a tremendous impact in how we organize information for access and in terms of who, how, when, and where contact is made with library services and collections online. Planning and commitment to a diversity of metadata to serve the plethora of needs in communities of practice are paramount for the continued success of many digital projects and for online preservation of our digital heritage."

LCSH

Information organization
Cataloging of electronic information resources
Information storage and retrieval systems
Electronic information resources / Management

Series

Library and information science text series

Subject

Information organization
Cataloging of electronic information resources
Information storage and retrieval systems
Electronic information resources / Management

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RSWK

Literaturwissenschaft / Datenbank / Information Retrieval

Subject

Literaturwissenschaft / Datenbank / Information Retrieval

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Abstract

For a snapshot of something that is mutating as quickly as the Internet, The Whole Internet: The Next Generation exhibits remarkable comprehensiveness and accuracy. It's a good panoramic shot of Web sites, Usenet newsgroups, e-mail, mailing lists, chat software, electronic commerce, and the communities that have begun to emerge around all of these. This is the book to buy if you have a handle on certain aspects of the Internet experience--e-mail and Web surfing, for example--but want to learn what else the global network has to offer--say, Web banking or mailing-list management. The authors clearly have seen a thing or two online and are able to share their experiences entertainingly and with clarity. However, they commit the mistake of misidentifying an Amazon.com book review as a publisher's synopsis of a book. Aside from that transgression, The Whole Internet presents detailed information on much of the Internet. In most cases, coverage explains what something (online stock trading, free homepage sites, whatever) is all about and then provides you with enough how-to information to let you start exploring on your own. Coverage ranges from the super-basic (how to surf) to the fairly complex (sharing an Internet connection among several home computers on a network). Along the way, readers get insight into buying, selling, meeting, relating, and doing most everything else on the Internet. While other books explain the first steps into the Internet community with more graphics, this one will remain useful to the newcomer long after he or she has become comfortable using the Internet.

Content

Topics covered: Basic Internet connectivity, Internet software, mailing lists, newsgroups, netiquette, personal information security, shopping, auctions, games, basic Web publishing with HTML, and advanced home connectivity with local area networking.

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Footnote

Even though each chapter is short, the entire book covers a vast amount of information. This book is meant to provide an introductory sampling of issues discovered through various case studies, not provide an in-depth report on each of them. The references included at the end of each chapter are particularly helpful because they lead to more information about issues that the particular case study raises. By including a list of references at the end of each chapter, the authors want to encourage interested readers to pursue more about the topics presented. This book clearly offers many opportunities to explore issues on the same topics further. The appendix at the end of the book also contains additional useful information that readers might want to consult if they are interested in finding out more about digital libraries. Selected resources are provided in the form of a list that includes such topics as journal special issues, digital library conference proceedings, and online databases. A key issue that this book brings up is how to include different cultural materials in digital libraries. For example, in chapter 16, the concerns and issues surrounding Maori heritage materials are introduced. The terms and concepts used when classifying Maori resources are so delicate that the meaning behind them can completely change with even a slight variation. Preserving other cultures correctly is important, and researchers need to consider the consequences of any errors made during digitization of resources. Another example illustrating the importance of including information about different cultures is presented in chapter 9. The authors talk about the various different languages used in the world and suggest ways to integrate them into information retrieval systems. As all digital library researchers know, the ideal system would allow all users to retrieve results in their own languages. The authors go on to discuss a few approaches that can be taken to assist with overcoming this challenge.
Ultimately, the book emphasizes that universal access to a worldwide digital library is the common goal among all digital library designers. Being able to view the same information, no matter what format the material is in, is one of the next steps toward reaching this goal. This book also addresses various additional problems with designing and using digital libraries, such as pricing and costs, and the range of media types that currently exist. The writing styles differ from chapter to chapter because each is written by a different set of authors. In addition, the material in the chapters is presented quite diversely. For example, in chapter 5, the methodology section of the case study is explained in the form of mathematical equations, algorithms, and charts, and chapter 13 contains complex figures and diagrams, whereas on the other hand, chapter 16 is completely written in text. Although the different ways that the case studies are presented could be considered confusing to some, the entire book remains consistent and truly comes together as a whole because the chapters are organized so sensibly. Many figures, graphs, and tables are also provided throughout the chapters to guide readers visually. Particularly helpful are the sample screen shots of digital libraries in chapter 11. Here, readers can see exactly what would be seen when viewing a digital library catalog. In general, the language and style of the book are easy to understand, and any uncommon words and phrases are always clearly defined and explained. The authors mention that the book is primarily written for academics, college students, and practitioners who may want to learn more about the design and development of digital libraries. The authors do seem to target this audience because the language and writing style seem to be geared toward members of academia, although they may represent a wide variety of disciplines. As well, computer scientists and software developers who are interested in and have been researching digital libraries will find this book useful and applicable to their current research. In conclusion, this book provides a wide variation of case studies that prove to be informative to researchers interested in the development and future progress of digital libraries. In the information world that we live in today, digital libraries are becoming more and more prominent, and the case studies presented demonstrate that the vision for the future of digital libraries is to be able to include all types of materials, cultures, and languages within a single system. All in all, this book instills value to society and all members of the academic world can learn from it."

Imprint

Hershey, Pa. : Information Science Publ.

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems / Case studies

Subject

Information storage and retrieval systems / Case studies