Literatur zur Informationserschließung

Diese Datenbank enthält über 40.000 Dokumente zu Themen aus den Bereichen Formalerschließung – Inhaltserschließung – Information Retrieval.

© 2015 W. Gödert, TH Köln, Institut für Informationswissenschaft / Powered by litecat, BIS Oldenburg (Stand: 21. Januar 2019)

Suchergebnisse

• 1
  Rannharter, N. ; Teetor, S.: Maintaining an image data base : a use case based on the Digital Research Archive for Byzantium (DIFAB).
  In: Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare. 70(2017) H.2, S.208-224.
  (Schwerpunktthema "Metadata - Metadaten")
  
  Abstract: Mit Metadaten versehene, digital archivierte Bilder sind aufgrund ihrer hohen Komplexität eine ständige Herausforderung für den Aufbau von Metadatenstrukturen und für das Beibehalten von adäquaten Metadatenstandards in Bilddatenbanken. Besonders bei Bildern über eine materielle Kultur zeichnet sich diese Komplexität in den diversen Ebenen ab. Zur Verdeutlichung dieser Problematik dient ein einzelnes Monument mit seiner fotographischen Dokumentation als geisteswissenschaftliches Anwendungsbeispiel aus dem Digitalen Forschungsarchiv Byzanz (DiFAB) der Universität Wien. Unter der grundsätzlichen Berücksichtigung der künftigen Anforderungen und der einfachen Navigation von Metadaten beinhaltet dieser Beitrag u. a. die Herausforderungen mit den diversen analogen und digitalen Formen der Dokumentation, der historischen Geographie, der kulturspezifischen Terminologie sowie mit der kunsthistorischen Bedeutung einer exakten und unscharfen Datierung für Forschungsarchive.
  
  Inhalt: Vgl.: https://ojs.univie.ac.at/index.php/voebm/article/view/1749.
  
  Themenfeld: Metadaten
  Wissenschaftsfach: Archäologie
  Behandelte Form: Bilder
  Objekt: DiFAB
  Land/Ort: A
  
  
• 2
  Lee, E.: Knowledge was their treasure : applying KO approaches to archaeological research.
  In: Knowledge organization. 44(2017) no.8, S.644-655.
  
  Abstract: This paper presents a case study for the application of knowledge organisation techniques, including classification, indexing, metadata definition and ontological modelling, to the production of narrative. It examines research work in archaeology, specifically in England. The paper opens with a review of the role of the archaeologist as protagonist in common narrative structures. The paper then first provides examples of classification schemes as a feature of archaeological analysis and their role in narrative and the development of indexing approaches applied to inventories of archaeological sites in England. It contrasts the approach and purpose of classification and indexing. The second section presents examples of how synthesis of archaeological research in England enabled by good knowledge organisation is providing new narratives. The third section presents current work to apply knowledge organisation approaches to research agendas for archaeology in England, specifically a dataset of research questions. It identifies the issues raised and presents initial results-a draft metadata element set for capturing and managing research questions. Modelling of research questions in a knowledge organisation system is a new area for KO application.
  
  Inhalt: Beitrag eines Special Issue: ISKO-UK: Knowledge Organization, What's the Story? ISKO-UK Biennial Conference, 11-12 September, Canada Water Library & Culture Space, London, UK.
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Archäologie
  
  
• 3
  Vlachidis, A. ; Tudhope, D.: ¬A knowledge-based approach to information extraction for semantic interoperability in the archaeology domain.
  In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.5, S.1138-1152.
  
  Abstract: The article presents a method for automatic semantic indexing of archaeological grey-literature reports using empirical (rule-based) Information Extraction techniques in combination with domain-specific knowledge organization systems. The semantic annotation system (OPTIMA) performs the tasks of Named Entity Recognition, Relation Extraction, Negation Detection, and Word-Sense Disambiguation using hand-crafted rules and terminological resources for associating contextual abstractions with classes of the standard ontology CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) for cultural heritage and its archaeological extension, CRM-EH. Relation Extraction (RE) performance benefits from a syntactic-based definition of RE patterns derived from domain oriented corpus analysis. The evaluation also shows clear benefit in the use of assistive natural language processing (NLP) modules relating to Word-Sense Disambiguation, Negation Detection, and Noun Phrase Validation, together with controlled thesaurus expansion. The semantic indexing results demonstrate the capacity of rule-based Information Extraction techniques to deliver interoperable semantic abstractions (semantic annotations) with respect to the CIDOC CRM and archaeological thesauri. Major contributions include recognition of relevant entities using shallow parsing NLP techniques driven by a complimentary use of ontological and terminological domain resources and empirical derivation of context-driven RE rules for the recognition of semantic relationships from phrases of unstructured text.
  
  Inhalt: Vgl.: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.23485/abstract.
  
  Themenfeld: Semantische Interoperabilität ; Automatisches Indexieren ; Wissensrepräsentation
  Wissenschaftsfach: Archäologie
  Objekt: OPTIMA ; CIDOC-CRM
  
  
• 4
  Stahn, L.-L.: Ontology matching for archaeological KOS.
  In: https://at-web1.comp.glam.ac.uk/pages/research/hypermedia/nkos/nkos2015/content/NKOS2015-presentation-stahn.pdf.
  
  Abstract: The work outlined in this paper (based on a Bachelor's thesis) is aimed at implementing multiple archaeological KOS in the Simple Knowledge Organization System and create automated alignments between them. The LOD implementation and alignment permit the interoperability and more prevalent use of archaeological KOS. This feasibility study allows statements regarding the automated extension of knowledge organization at the German Archaeological Institute (DAI).
  
  Inhalt: Vortrag anlässlich: 14th European Networked Knowledge Organization Systems (NKOS) Workshop, TPDL 2015 Conference in Poznan, Poland, Friday 18th September 2015.
  
  Themenfeld: Semantische Interoperabilität
  Wissenschaftsfach: Archäologie
  Land/Ort: D
  
  
• 5
  Tudhope, D. ; Binding, C.: Mapping between linked data vocabularies in ARIADNE.
  In: https://at-web1.comp.glam.ac.uk/pages/research/hypermedia/nkos/nkos2015/content/NKOS2015-presentation-tudhope.pdf.
  
  Abstract: Semantic Enrichment Enabling Sustainability of Archaeological Links (SENESCHAL) was a project coordinated by the Hypermedia Research Unit at the University of South Wales. The project aims included widening access to key vocabulary resources. National cultural heritage thesauri and vocabularies are used by both national organizations and local authority Historic Environment Records and could potentially act as vocabulary hubs for the Web of Data. Following completion, a set of prominent UK archaeological thesauri and vocabularies is now freely available as Linked Open Data (LOD) via http://www.heritagedata.org - together with open source web services and user interface controls. This presentation will reflect on work done to date for the ARIADNE FP7 infrastructure project (http://www.ariadne-infrastructure.eu) mapping between archaeological vocabularies in different languages and the utility of a hub architecture. The poly-hierarchical structure of the Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) was extracted for use as an example mediating structure to interconnect various multilingual vocabularies originating from ARIADNE data providers. Vocabulary resources were first converted to a common concept-based format (SKOS) and the concepts were then manually mapped to nodes of the extracted AAT structure using some judgement on the meaning of terms and scope notes. Results are presented along with reflections on the wider application to existing European archaeological vocabularies and associated online datasets.
  
  Inhalt: Vortrag anlässlich: 14th European Networked Knowledge Organization Systems (NKOS) Workshop, TPDL 2015 Conference in Poznan, Poland, Friday 18th September 2015.
  
  Themenfeld: Semantische Interoperabilität
  Wissenschaftsfach: Kunst ; Archäologie
  Objekt: ARIADNE ; Art & Architecture Thesaurus
  
  
• 6
  Oikarinen, T. ; Kortelainen, T.: Challenges of diversity, consistency, and globality in indexing of local archeological artifacts.
  In: Knowledge organization. 40(2013) no.2, S.123-135.
  
  Abstract: We consider documents produced in archeological post-excavation analysis and re-raise a question of archeological cataloguing, which is a specific case in the context of global progress of digitalization in archeology. The catalogue of archeological artifacts from the excavation of the city of Jakobstad, Finland was analyzed through a content analysis. Quantitative analysis was conducted using SPSS statistical package, and the results are presented in figures and tables. The analysis was based on a qualitative definition of variables describing the archeological artifacts. The analysis shows that the catalogue of artifacts is mainly systematic, but the results also reveal non -uniformity in cataloguing. In the free description column, several categorizations were found that could be used in developing the structure of a n archeological catalogue. Traditional cataloguing methods are still practiced in archeology, but these do not fulfill requirements of the future use of data. In this case, a vocabulary and a tool for cataloguing archeological artifacts would contribute to the development of cataloguing a nd future access of data. These devices should be flexible and support uniqueness of the artifacts. There exist tools and vocabularies for archeological cataloguing and these could be localized to fulfill the needs for the future digitalization of archeological data.
  
  Inhalt: Vgl.: http://www.ergon-verlag.de/isko_ko/downloads/ko_40_2013_2_d.pdf.
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Archäologie
  Land/Ort: FIN
  
  
• 7
  Pinna, L. ; Wessels, W.: Wissensorganisationssysteme für Archäologie und Kulturerbe.
  In: Wissen - Wissenschaft - Organisation: Proceedings der 12. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Bonn, 19. bis 21. Oktober 2009. Hrsg.: H.P. Ohly. Würzburg : Ergon Verlag, 2013. S.222-231.
  (Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.12)
  
  Abstract: Im Rahmen der Gestaltung eines zentralisierten Begriffspools Wortnetz Kultur für ein geplantes webbasiertes Kulturportal des Landschaftsverbandes Rheinland wurde ein State of the Art Report über nationale und internationale Ansätze zu Wissensorganisationssystemen im Bereich Archäologie und Kulturerbe erstellt. Evaluiert wurden verfügbare Standards und Vokabulare sowie Webprojekte mit kulturhistorischen Informationsinhalten. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die zentralen Ergebnisse des Reports. Es werden eine Auswahl relevanter Standards und frei verfügbarer Vokabulare benannt und besonders überzeugende Webprojekte vorgestellt. Zudem werden der aktuelle Entwicklungsstand von Vokabularen, Standards und Webprojekten auf dem betrachteten Gebiet interpretiert und hilfreiche Reeherchestartpunkte sowie relevante aktive Organisationen nachgewiesen.
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Archäologie
  
  
• 8
  Ravilious, K.: ¬Der prähistorische Kode : Urgeschichte.
  In: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2011, H.2, S.60-65.
  (Mensch & Kultur)
  
  Abstract: Mysteriöse Zeichen in mehr als 30.000 Jahre alten Höhlenmalereien beschäftigen Urgeschichtler und Archäologen. Offenbar benutzten unsere Vorfahren damals schon Symbolsysteme, um Informationen zu übermitteln. Auch wenn deren Deutung unter Fachleuten noch umstritten ist: Möglicherweise entfaltete sich menschliche Kreativität früher als bisher geglaubt.
  
  Wissenschaftsfach: Archäologie
  
  
• 9
  Göldner, R.: Datenaustauschformate : Erfahrungen und Schlüsse aus ADeX.[Powerpoint-Präsentation].
  In: http://www.archaeologie.sachsen.de/download/Goeldner_Dresden.ppt.
  
  Themenfeld: Semantische Interoperabilität
  Wissenschaftsfach: Archäologie
  
  
• 10
  Chianese, A. ; Cantone, F. ; Caropreso, M. ; Moscato, V.: ARCHAEOLOGY 2.0 : Cultural E-Learning tools and distributed repositories supported by SEMANTICA, a System for Learning Object Retrieval and Adaptive Courseware Generation for e-learning environments..
  In: Wissensspeicher in digitalen Räumen: Nachhaltigkeit - Verfügbarkeit - semantische Interoperabilität. Proceedings der 11. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Konstanz, 20. bis 22. Februar 2008. Hrsg.: J. Sieglerschmidt u. H.P.Ohly. Würzburg : Ergon Verlag, 2010. S.171-178.
  (Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.11)
  
  Abstract: The focus of the present research has been the development and the application to Virtual Archaeology of a Web-Based framework for Learning Objects indexing and retrieval. The paper presents the main outcomes of a experimentation carried out by an interdisciplinary group of Federico II University of Naples. Our equipe is composed by researchers both in ICT and in Humanities disciplines, in particular in the domain of Virtual Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Informatics in order to develop specific ICT methodological approaches to Virtual Archaeology. The methodological background is the progressive diffusion of Web 2.0 technologies and the attempt to analyze their impact and perspectives in the Cultural Heritage field. In particular, we approached the specific requirements of the so called Learning 2.0, and the possibility to improve the automation of modular courseware generation in Virtual Archaeology Didactics. The developed framework was called SEMANTICA, and it was applied to Virtual Archaeology Domain Ontologies in order to generate a didactic course in a semi-automated way. The main results of this test and the first students feedback on the course fruition will be presented and discussed..
  
  Themenfeld: Computer Based Training
  Wissenschaftsfach: Archäologie
  Objekt: ARCHAEOLOGY 2.0
  
  
• 11
  Vlachidis, A. ; Binding, C. ; Tudhope, D. ; May, K.: Excavating grey literature : a case study on the rich indexing of archaeological documents via natural language-processing techniques and knowledge-based resources.
  In: Aslib proceedings. 62(2010) nos.4/5, S.466-475.
  
  Abstract: Purpose - This paper sets out to discuss the use of information extraction (IE), a natural language-processing (NLP) technique to assist "rich" semantic indexing of diverse archaeological text resources. The focus of the research is to direct a semantic-aware "rich" indexing of diverse natural language resources with properties capable of satisfying information retrieval from online publications and datasets associated with the Semantic Technologies for Archaeological Resources (STAR) project. Design/methodology/approach - The paper proposes use of the English Heritage extension (CRM-EH) of the standard core ontology in cultural heritage, CIDOC CRM, and exploitation of domain thesauri resources for driving and enhancing an Ontology-Oriented Information Extraction process. The process of semantic indexing is based on a rule-based Information Extraction technique, which is facilitated by the General Architecture of Text Engineering (GATE) toolkit and expressed by Java Annotation Pattern Engine (JAPE) rules. Findings - Initial results suggest that the combination of information extraction with knowledge resources and standard conceptual models is capable of supporting semantic-aware term indexing. Additional efforts are required for further exploitation of the technique and adoption of formal evaluation methods for assessing the performance of the method in measurable terms. Originality/value - The value of the paper lies in the semantic indexing of 535 unpublished online documents often referred to as "Grey Literature", from the Archaeological Data Service OASIS corpus (Online AccesS to the Index of archaeological investigationS), with respect to the CRM ontological concepts E49.Time Appellation and P19.Physical Object.
  
  Anmerkung: Beitrag in einem Special Issue: Content architecture: exploiting and managing diverse resources: proceedings of the first national conference of the United Kingdom chapter of the International Society for Knowedge Organization (ISKO)
  
  Themenfeld: Wissensrepräsentation ; Computerlinguistik
  Wissenschaftsfach: Archäologie
  Objekt: CIDOC CRM
  Anwendungsfeld: Museen
  
  
• 12
  Malkawi, K.: ¬Die Einführung der RVK als Aufstellungsklassifikation : ein Projekt an der Bibliothek Orientwissenschaften der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig.
  Berlin : Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2010. 58 S.
  (Berliner Handreichungen zur Bibliothekswissenschaft ; 280)
  
  Abstract: Thema der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Einführung der Regensburger Verbundklassifikation als Aufstellungsklassifikation in der Bibliothek Orientwissenschaften der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig. Aufgrund der komplexen Ausgangslage konzipiert die Verfasserin die Einführung der RVK als Projekt unter Anwendung des Verfahrens des Projektmanagements. Projektmanagement wird dabei aus rein betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht, aber auch als Kern organisationaler Veränderungsprozesse innerhalb der Organisationsentwicklung betrachtet. Organisationsentwicklung schließt ein, was die Diskussion um Produktivität und Effizienz von Bibliotheken oft nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt: den humanen Faktor. Neben den harten Fakten berücksichtigt der vorgelegte Projektplan somit ausdrücklich situative und psychosoziale Prozesse als maßgebliche weiche Dimension des Projektmanagement.
  
  Inhalt: Vgl. unter: http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/docviews/abstract.php?lang=ger&id=37007.
  
  Themenfeld: Aufstellungssysteme Wissenschaftl. Bibliotheken
  Wissenschaftsfach: Archäologie
  Objekt: RVK
  
  
• 13
  Binding, C. ; Tudhope, D.: Terminology Web services.
  In: Knowledge organization. 37(2010) no.4, S.287-298.
  
  Abstract: Controlled terminologies such as classification schemes, name authorities, and thesauri have long been the domain of the library and information science community. Although historically there have been initiatives towards library style classification of web resources, there remain significant problems with searching and quality judgement of online content. Terminology services can play a key role in opening up access to these valuable resources. By exposing controlled terminologies via a web service, organisations maintain data integrity and version control, whilst motivating external users to design innovative ways to present and utilise their data. We introduce terminology web services and review work in the area. We describe the approaches taken in establishing application programming interfaces (API) and discuss the comparative benefits of a dedicated terminology web service versus general purpose programming languages. We discuss experiences at Glamorgan in creating terminology web services and associated client interface components, in particular for the archaeology domain in the STAR (Semantic Technologies for Archaeological Resources) Project.
  
  Inhalt: Teil von: Papers from Classification at a Crossroads: Multiple Directions to Usability: International UDC Seminar 2009-Part 2
  
  Anmerkung: Vgl. unter: http://www.ergon-verlag.de/isko_ko/downloads/ko37_2010_4_e.pdf.
  
  Themenfeld: Semantic Web
  Wissenschaftsfach: Archäologie
  Objekt: STAR
  
  
• 14
  Smiraglia, R.P.: Content metadata : an analysis of Etruscan artifacts in a museum of archeology.
  In: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 40(2005) nos.3/4, S.135-151.
  
  Abstract: Metadata schemes target resources as information-packages, without attention to the distinction between content and carrier. Most schema are derived without empirical understanding of the concepts that need to be represented, the ways in which terms representing the central concepts might best be derived, and how metadata descriptions will be used for retrieval. Research is required to resolve this dilemma, and much research will be required if the plethora of schemes that already exist are to be made efficacious for resource description and retrieval. Here I report the results of a preliminary study, which was designed to see whether the bibliographic concept of "the work" could be of any relevance among artifacts held by a museum. I extend the "works metaphor" from the bibliographic to the artifactual domain, by altering the terms of the definition slightly, thus: 1) instantiation is understood as content genealogy. Case studies of Etruscan artifacts from the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology are used to demonstrate the inherence of the work in non-documentary artifacts.
  
  Inhalt: Beitrag eines Themenheftes "Metadata: a cataloger's primer"
  
  Anmerkung: Vgl. auch: http://catalogingandclassificationquarterly.com/
  
  Themenfeld: Metadaten
  Wissenschaftsfach: Archäologie
  Anwendungsfeld: Museen
  
  
• 15
  Bartel, H.-G.: Über Möglichkeiten der Formalen Begriffsanalyse in der Mathematischen Archäochemie.
  In: Begriffliche Wissensverarbeitung: Methoden und Anwendungen, mit Beiträgen zahlreicher Fachwissenschaftler. Hrsg.: G. Stumme u. R. Wille. Berlin : Springer, 2000. S.368-389.
  
  Themenfeld: Formale Begriffsanalyse
  Wissenschaftsfach: Archäologie
  
  
• 16
  Thesaurus of monument types : A standard for use in archaeological and architectural records.2nd ed.
  Swindon, GB : Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England, 1998. xxvii, 346 S.
  ISBN 1-873592-38-8
  
  Abstract: This data tool is intended for anyone involved in the compilation of databases for archaeological and architectural monuments. It provides standard terms for use in records.
  
  Themenfeld: Thesauri
  Wissenschaftsfach: Archäologie ; Architektur
  
  LCSH: Subject headings / Architecture ; Monuments ; Historic buildings
  RSWK: Archäologie / Thesaurus
  
• 17
  Thesaurus of monument types : A standard for use in archaeological and architectural records.
  Swindon, GB : Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England, 1995. XXVIII, 322 S.
  ISBN 1-873592-20-5
  
  Abstract: This data tool is intended for anyone involved in the compilation of databases for archaeological and architectural monuments. It provides standard terms for use in records.
  
  Themenfeld: Thesauri
  Wissenschaftsfach: Archäologie ; Architektur
  
  LCSH: Archaeology / Terminology ; Antiquities / Classification ; Archaeology and state / England ; Archaeological archives / England ; Monuments / Recording ; Dictionaries. Archaeology ; Dictionaries. Architecture
  RSWK: Archäologie / Thesaurus