Document (#21213)

Author
Ballard, T.
Title
Keyword / subject : finding the middle path
Source
Information today. 15(1998) no.6, S.58
Year
1998
Abstract
Offers a third alternative to the debate over subject vs. keyword searching in libraries. Provides a background of this facts underlying the debate, including the high failure rates among patron subject searches, driven by the public's overall failure to adequately learn proper controlled vocabulary syntax, and the high percentage of erroneous matches generated by keyword searches, driven by the fact that book titles may have nothing to do with the contents. Describes a hybrid approach that uses a keyword index of the subject field, and that reduces failure rates by 75% among one library's patrons. Reports that, in spite of a few remaining imperfections, this system seems to represent 'the ideal marriage of keyword and formal subject heading searching' for library patrons. Lists the Web site location of the catalogue on which the new system was developed

Similar documents (author)

  1. Ballard, P.I.: Bound withs versus an online catalog : a practical solution (1992) 5.62
    5.6180234 = sum of:
      5.6180234 = weight(author_txt:ballard in 2968) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.6180234 = fieldWeight in 2968, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2968)
    
  2. Ballard, T.: OCLC's EPIC : report from the field (1991) 5.62
    5.6180234 = sum of:
      5.6180234 = weight(author_txt:ballard in 4859) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.6180234 = fieldWeight in 4859, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4859)
    
  3. Ballard, T.: Using FirstSearch in a bibliographic construction (1993) 5.62
    5.6180234 = sum of:
      5.6180234 = weight(author_txt:ballard in 7309) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.6180234 = fieldWeight in 7309, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=7309)
    
  4. Ballard, T.: Comparative searching styles of patrons and staff (1994) 5.62
    5.6180234 = sum of:
      5.6180234 = weight(author_txt:ballard in 8501) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.6180234 = fieldWeight in 8501, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=8501)
    
  5. Ballard, T.: Library systems : transaction log fever; analyzing patron searches can reveal solutions to increase search success (1996) 5.62
    5.6180234 = sum of:
      5.6180234 = weight(author_txt:ballard in 5761) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.6180234 = fieldWeight in 5761, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=5761)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Hunter, R.N.: Successes and failures of patrons searching the online catalog at a large academic library : a transaction log analysis (1991) 0.21
    0.21324849 = sum of:
      0.21324849 = product of:
        0.76160175 = sum of:
          0.06566953 = weight(abstract_txt:searching in 489) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06566953 = score(doc=489,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.09438627 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1961349 = boost
                4.284727 = idf(docFreq=1655, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.695753 = fieldWeight in 489, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.284727 = idf(docFreq=1655, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=489)
          0.012823902 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 489) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.012823902 = score(doc=489,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.057729363 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3229369 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.22213829 = fieldWeight in 489, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=489)
          0.068857305 = weight(abstract_txt:searches in 489) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.068857305 = score(doc=489,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.14049903 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4593599 = boost
                5.227637 = idf(docFreq=644, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.49009097 = fieldWeight in 489, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.227637 = idf(docFreq=644, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=489)
          0.14033887 = weight(abstract_txt:rates in 489) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.14033887 = score(doc=489,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.2258527 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.850284 = boost
                6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.6213734 = fieldWeight in 489, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=489)
          0.15249532 = weight(abstract_txt:patrons in 489) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.15249532 = score(doc=489,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.23871388 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9022367 = boost
                6.8140855 = idf(docFreq=131, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.6388205 = fieldWeight in 489, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.8140855 = idf(docFreq=131, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=489)
          0.071863815 = weight(abstract_txt:subject in 489) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.071863815 = score(doc=489,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.19619751 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.7267323 = boost
                3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.366283 = fieldWeight in 489, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=489)
          0.24955301 = weight(abstract_txt:failure in 489) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.24955301 = score(doc=489,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.3794713 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.9373848 = boost
                7.014756 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.6576334 = fieldWeight in 489, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.014756 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=489)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  2. Tillotson, J.: Is keyword searching the answer? (1995) 0.20
    0.2000517 = sum of:
      0.2000517 = product of:
        1.0002584 = sum of:
          0.084779 = weight(abstract_txt:searching in 1857) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.084779 = score(doc=1857,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.09438627 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1961349 = boost
                4.284727 = idf(docFreq=1655, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.89821327 = fieldWeight in 1857, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                4.284727 = idf(docFreq=1655, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1857)
          0.022211649 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1857) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.022211649 = score(doc=1857,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.057729363 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3229369 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.38475478 = fieldWeight in 1857, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1857)
          0.11926434 = weight(abstract_txt:searches in 1857) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.11926434 = score(doc=1857,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.14049903 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4593599 = boost
                5.227637 = idf(docFreq=644, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.8488624 = fieldWeight in 1857, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.227637 = idf(docFreq=644, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1857)
          0.12447177 = weight(abstract_txt:subject in 1857) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.12447177 = score(doc=1857,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.19619751 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.7267323 = boost
                3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.63442075 = fieldWeight in 1857, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1857)
          0.6495317 = weight(abstract_txt:keyword in 1857) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.6495317 = score(doc=1857,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.46849304 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.213542 = boost
                6.037405 = idf(docFreq=286, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              1.3864276 = fieldWeight in 1857, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                6.037405 = idf(docFreq=286, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1857)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  3. Peters, T.A.: When smart people fail : an analysis of the transaction log of an online public access catalog (1989) 0.18
    0.17500493 = sum of:
      0.17500493 = product of:
        0.8750246 = sum of:
          0.105206974 = weight(abstract_txt:patron in 2283) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.105206974 = score(doc=2283,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.14793116 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.058865 = boost
                7.5860133 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.71118873 = fieldWeight in 2283, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.5860133 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2283)
          0.025647804 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2283) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.025647804 = score(doc=2283,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.057729363 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3229369 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.44427657 = fieldWeight in 2283, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2283)
          0.068857305 = weight(abstract_txt:searches in 2283) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.068857305 = score(doc=2283,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.14049903 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4593599 = boost
                5.227637 = idf(docFreq=644, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.49009097 = fieldWeight in 2283, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.227637 = idf(docFreq=644, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2283)
          0.24307404 = weight(abstract_txt:rates in 2283) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.24307404 = score(doc=2283,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.2258527 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.850284 = boost
                6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              1.0762503 = fieldWeight in 2283, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2283)
          0.43223846 = weight(abstract_txt:failure in 2283) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.43223846 = score(doc=2283,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.3794713 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.9373848 = boost
                7.014756 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              1.1390544 = fieldWeight in 2283, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                7.014756 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2283)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  4. Horn, M.E.: "Garbage" in, "refuse and refuse disposal" out : making the most of the subject authority file in the OPAC (2002) 0.16
    0.16263108 = sum of:
      0.16263108 = product of:
        0.8131554 = sum of:
          0.06566953 = weight(abstract_txt:searching in 156) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06566953 = score(doc=156,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.09438627 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1961349 = boost
                4.284727 = idf(docFreq=1655, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.695753 = fieldWeight in 156, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.284727 = idf(docFreq=1655, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=156)
          0.018135736 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 156) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.018135736 = score(doc=156,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.057729363 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3229369 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.314151 = fieldWeight in 156, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=156)
          0.09737893 = weight(abstract_txt:searches in 156) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09737893 = score(doc=156,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.14049903 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4593599 = boost
                5.227637 = idf(docFreq=644, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.6930933 = fieldWeight in 156, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.227637 = idf(docFreq=644, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=156)
          0.10163078 = weight(abstract_txt:subject in 156) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10163078 = score(doc=156,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.19619751 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.7267323 = boost
                3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.5180024 = fieldWeight in 156, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=156)
          0.53034043 = weight(abstract_txt:keyword in 156) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.53034043 = score(doc=156,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.46849304 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.213542 = boost
                6.037405 = idf(docFreq=286, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              1.1320134 = fieldWeight in 156, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                6.037405 = idf(docFreq=286, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=156)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  5. Pera, M.S.; Lund, W.; Ng, Y.-K.: ¬A sophisticated library search strategy using folksonomies and similarity matching (2009) 0.16
    0.15988407 = sum of:
      0.15988407 = product of:
        0.5710145 = sum of:
          0.070137985 = weight(abstract_txt:patron in 2939) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.070137985 = score(doc=2939,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.14793116 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.058865 = boost
                7.5860133 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.47412583 = fieldWeight in 2939, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.5860133 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2939)
          0.025276214 = weight(abstract_txt:searching in 2939) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.025276214 = score(doc=2939,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.09438627 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1961349 = boost
                4.284727 = idf(docFreq=1655, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.26779544 = fieldWeight in 2939, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.284727 = idf(docFreq=1655, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2939)
          0.012090491 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2939) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.012090491 = score(doc=2939,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.057729363 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3229369 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.20943399 = fieldWeight in 2939, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2939)
          0.045904867 = weight(abstract_txt:searches in 2939) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.045904867 = score(doc=2939,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.14049903 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4593599 = boost
                5.227637 = idf(docFreq=644, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.3267273 = fieldWeight in 2939, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.227637 = idf(docFreq=644, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2939)
          0.20332709 = weight(abstract_txt:patrons in 2939) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.20332709 = score(doc=2939,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.23871388 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9022367 = boost
                6.8140855 = idf(docFreq=131, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.8517607 = fieldWeight in 2939, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                6.8140855 = idf(docFreq=131, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2939)
          0.047909208 = weight(abstract_txt:subject in 2939) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.047909208 = score(doc=2939,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.19619751 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.7267323 = boost
                3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.24418867 = fieldWeight in 2939, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2939)
          0.16636866 = weight(abstract_txt:failure in 2939) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.16636866 = score(doc=2939,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.3794713 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.9373848 = boost
                7.014756 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018416433 = queryNorm
              0.43842226 = fieldWeight in 2939, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.014756 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2939)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)