Document (#23634)

Author

dpa

Title

Auch Alte können noch umlernen : Hirn-Forschung

Source

Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.43 vom 20.2.2001, S.23

Year

2001

Abstract

Es fällt nicht mehr so leicht wie in jungen Jahren, doch das Hirn hat beim Lernen selbst im Alter kaum Grenzen. Das belegten Neurologen und Psychologen auf der Jahrestagung der Amerikanischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaft (AAAS) in San Francisco. Jay McClelland von der Universität in Pittsburgh gelang es im Intensivtraining, erwachsenen Japanern den Unterschied zwischen "l" und "r" hörbar zu machen. ,Man musste den Klang mächtig übertreiben, damit er wahrnehmbar wurde." Doch der Erfolg blieb nicht aus. Der Grund für das Problem von Japanern, "rasch" von "lasch" zu unterscheiden, sind etablierte Nervenverbindungen im Hirn, die immer wieder den gleichen Weg einschlagen und sich neuen Impulsen widersetzen. Sanfte Gewalt wandte auch der Neurologe Edward Taub von der Universität von Alabama an, um die Beweglichkeit von Patienten nach einem Schlaganfall und die Aktivität in den betroffenen Regionen ihres Hirns wiederanzukurbeln. Er legte den gesunden Arm seiner Patienten in eine Schlinge und forcierte den kranken Arm zu Übungen Am Ende des Intensivtrainings hatten 75 Prozent der Schlaganfall-Patienten ihre Bewegungsfähigkeit zurückerlangt. Und das vom Schlag verletzte Hirnzentrum hatte seine Aktivität verdoppelt, berichtete Taub in San Francisco. Bei Neugeborenen sind Hirnzellen zum Großteil noch ungebunden. Sowie jedoch erste Eindrücke aus der Umgebung auf das Hirn einwirken, feuern dessen Zellen elektrische Impulse ab und knüpfen so Verbindungen zu einander. Diese Bahnen gilt ei; bei manchen Lernvorgängen in späteren Jahren wieder aufzulösen

Field

Kognitionswissenschaft

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