Document (#25611)

Author

Volpers, H.

Title

Idee und Begriff der Enzyklopädie im Wandel der Zeit

Source

Enzyklopädie im Wandel: Schmuckstück der Bücherwand, rotierende Scheibe oder Netzangebot. Hrsg.: H. Rösch

Imprint

Köln : FH Köln, Fachbereich Informationswissenschaft

Year

2002

Pages

S.5-35

Series

Kölner Arbeitspapiere zur Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft; Bd.32

Abstract

Im allgemeinen Sprachverständnis handelt es sich bei einer Enzyklopädie um eine spezifische Form von Lexika. Dies stellt eine Verengung des Begriffs "Enzyklopädie" auf seine Entsprechung in Buchform dar, die jedoch in zeitgenössischer Sichtweise völlig unproblematisch erscheint. Wer heute von einem enzyklopädischen Wissen spricht oder Jemanden als enzyklopädisch gebildet bezeichnet, konnotiert hiermit zwangsläufig ein Wissen, das seine Entsprechung in eben jener Ansammlung von Fakten finden könnte, die als die Enzyklopädie - in Form des Buches - bekannt und vertraut ist. Die Benutzung einer Enzyklopädie ist eine selbstverständliche und notwendige Routine geistiger Arbeit. Faktenwissen als abrufbarer, aggregierter Datenbestand wird gegenwärtig mit enzyklopädischem Wissen gleichgesetzt. Derjenige, der zur Aktivierung dieses Wissens keinen externen Speicher, außerhalb des eigenen Gehirns benötigt, die Enzyklopädie also im Kopf hat, besitzt nach landläufiger Meinung eine hohe Allgemeinbildung. Die Wertschätzung einer solchen Fähigkeit war in den letzten Jahren mit dem Verfall bildungsbürgerlicher Ideale deutlich rückläufig. Im Moment erlebt sie - in popularisierter, ebenso naiver wie medientauglicher Form - wieder eine gewisse Renaissance, denn eine hohe Allgemeinbildung - verstanden als Verfügbarkeit über mehr oder minder fragwürdiges Faktenwissen - eröffnet Chancen, bei Günther Jauch oder in einer der zahlreichen anderen Fernsehrateshows Millionär zu werden. Das im 19. Jh. vom Leipziger Buchhändler Joseph Meyer populär gemachte Motto "Bildung macht frei!" ist im 21. Jh. zur medialen Verheißung "Bildung kann reich machen" geworden. Das gegenwärtige Verständnis vom Begriff "Enzyklopädie" als Buchgattung weicht erheblich von seiner ursprünglichen, wissenschaftstheoretischen Bedeutung ab. "Enzyklopädie" war zunächst und jahrhundertelang ein philosophischer sowie wissenschaftstheoretischer Begriff, der erst allmählich auf die Buchgattung übertragen wurde. Deren Herausbildung war allerdings mit den wissenschaftstheoretischen Bemühungen aufs engste verknüpft, da diese zumeist in einem Buch ihren Niederschlag fanden, das im Titel den Begriff "Enzyklopädie" führte. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeichnet diesen Bedeutungswandel des Begriffs vom 15. Jh. bis zur Gegenwart nach. Zuvor wird geklärt, was unter lexikographischer Perspektive die Buchgattung der Enzyklopädie von den ihr verwandten Lexikaformen unterscheidet und welchen Prinzipien der Stoffanordnung Enzyklopädien folgen.

Theme

Informationsmittel

Similar documents (content)

1. Bierbach, P.: Wissensrepräsentation - Gegenstände und Begriffe : Bedingungen des Antinomieproblems bei Frege und Chancen des Begriffssystems bei Lambert (2001) 0.15

   0.1456555 = sum of:
     0.1456555 = product of:
       0.60689795 = sum of:
         0.016608099 = weight(abstract_txt:oder in 4498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016608099 = score(doc=4498,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07158863 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3232726 = boost
               4.2421675 = idf(docFreq=1727, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.23199353 = fieldWeight in 4498, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2421675 = idf(docFreq=1727, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4498)
         0.050877262 = weight(abstract_txt:wissen in 4498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050877262 = score(doc=4498,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.10469826 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6002839 = boost
               5.1302147 = idf(docFreq=710, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.4859418 = fieldWeight in 4498, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.1302147 = idf(docFreq=710, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4498)
         0.029430177 = weight(abstract_txt:einer in 4498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029430177 = score(doc=4498,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.08000157 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6152729 = boost
               3.8837 = idf(docFreq=2472, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.36787 = fieldWeight in 4498, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.8837 = idf(docFreq=2472, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4498)
         0.026138691 = weight(abstract_txt:eine in 4498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.026138691 = score(doc=4498,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09686198 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1768022 = boost
               3.4892128 = idf(docFreq=3668, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.26985502 = fieldWeight in 4498, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4892128 = idf(docFreq=3668, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4498)
         0.09043034 = weight(abstract_txt:begriff in 4498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09043034 = score(doc=4498,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1935574 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5124738 = boost
               6.0408955 = idf(docFreq=285, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.46720168 = fieldWeight in 4498, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.0408955 = idf(docFreq=285, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4498)
         0.39341334 = weight(abstract_txt:enzyklopädie in 4498) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.39341334 = score(doc=4498,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.70007795 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.555094 = boost
               7.2660704 = idf(docFreq=83, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.56195647 = fieldWeight in 4498, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.2660704 = idf(docFreq=83, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4498)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

2. Becht, S.: ¬Das Linux des Wissens : Richard Stallmann plant eine frei zugängliche Enzyklopädie (2001) 0.15

   0.14532149 = sum of:
     0.14532149 = product of:
       0.5190053 = sum of:
         0.018094266 = weight(abstract_txt:seine in 5635) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.018094266 = score(doc=5635,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08286663 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1624426 = boost
               5.5898643 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.21835408 = fieldWeight in 5635, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5898643 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5635)
         0.026526313 = weight(abstract_txt:oder in 5635) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.026526313 = score(doc=5635,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.07158863 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3232726 = boost
               4.2421675 = idf(docFreq=1727, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.3705381 = fieldWeight in 5635, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.2421675 = idf(docFreq=1727, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5635)
         0.012301606 = weight(abstract_txt:form in 5635) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012301606 = score(doc=5635,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07334277 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3393866 = boost
               4.293826 = idf(docFreq=1640, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.16772759 = fieldWeight in 5635, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.293826 = idf(docFreq=1640, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5635)
         0.02967222 = weight(abstract_txt:wissen in 5635) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02967222 = score(doc=5635,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.10469826 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6002839 = boost
               5.1302147 = idf(docFreq=710, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.283407 = fieldWeight in 5635, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.1302147 = idf(docFreq=710, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5635)
         0.0121368 = weight(abstract_txt:einer in 5635) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0121368 = score(doc=5635,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08000157 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6152729 = boost
               3.8837 = idf(docFreq=2472, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.15170702 = fieldWeight in 5635, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8837 = idf(docFreq=2472, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5635)
         0.022866592 = weight(abstract_txt:eine in 5635) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022866592 = score(doc=5635,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.09686198 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1768022 = boost
               3.4892128 = idf(docFreq=3668, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.23607397 = fieldWeight in 5635, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.4892128 = idf(docFreq=3668, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5635)
         0.39740747 = weight(abstract_txt:enzyklopädie in 5635) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.39740747 = score(doc=5635,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.70007795 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.555094 = boost
               7.2660704 = idf(docFreq=83, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.56766176 = fieldWeight in 5635, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               7.2660704 = idf(docFreq=83, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5635)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

3. Fuchs, U.: Freie Inhalte? : Idee und Realisierung am Beispiel der Wikipedia (2006) 0.12

   0.12380808 = sum of:
     0.12380808 = product of:
       0.7738005 = sum of:
         0.03936514 = weight(abstract_txt:form in 5698) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03936514 = score(doc=5698,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07334277 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3393866 = boost
               4.293826 = idf(docFreq=1640, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.53672826 = fieldWeight in 5698, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.293826 = idf(docFreq=1640, maxDocs=44218)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5698)
         0.03883776 = weight(abstract_txt:einer in 5698) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03883776 = score(doc=5698,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08000157 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6152729 = boost
               3.8837 = idf(docFreq=2472, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.4854625 = fieldWeight in 5698, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8837 = idf(docFreq=2472, maxDocs=44218)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5698)
         0.059745584 = weight(abstract_txt:eine in 5698) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.059745584 = score(doc=5698,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09686198 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1768022 = boost
               3.4892128 = idf(docFreq=3668, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.6168115 = fieldWeight in 5698, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4892128 = idf(docFreq=3668, maxDocs=44218)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5698)
         0.635852 = weight(abstract_txt:enzyklopädie in 5698) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.635852 = score(doc=5698,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.70007795 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.555094 = boost
               7.2660704 = idf(docFreq=83, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.9082588 = fieldWeight in 5698, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.2660704 = idf(docFreq=83, maxDocs=44218)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5698)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

4. Jochum, U.: Information oder Wissen und Gedächtnis (2002) 0.12

   0.11708398 = sum of:
     0.11708398 = product of:
       0.41815707 = sum of:
         0.01968257 = weight(abstract_txt:form in 571) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01968257 = score(doc=571,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07334277 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3393866 = boost
               4.293826 = idf(docFreq=1640, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.26836413 = fieldWeight in 571, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.293826 = idf(docFreq=1640, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=571)
         0.048538603 = weight(abstract_txt:bildung in 571) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.048538603 = score(doc=571,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11694919 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3809574 = boost
               6.640641 = idf(docFreq=156, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.41504008 = fieldWeight in 571, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.640641 = idf(docFreq=156, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=571)
         0.033570286 = weight(abstract_txt:wissen in 571) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.033570286 = score(doc=571,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10469826 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6002839 = boost
               5.1302147 = idf(docFreq=710, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.32063842 = fieldWeight in 571, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1302147 = idf(docFreq=710, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=571)
         0.033634488 = weight(abstract_txt:einer in 571) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.033634488 = score(doc=571,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.08000157 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6152729 = boost
               3.8837 = idf(docFreq=2472, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.42042285 = fieldWeight in 571, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.8837 = idf(docFreq=2472, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=571)
         0.08944927 = weight(abstract_txt:begriffs in 571) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08944927 = score(doc=571,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17578842 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6930773 = boost
               8.14154 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.5088462 = fieldWeight in 571, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.14154 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=571)
         0.029872792 = weight(abstract_txt:eine in 571) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029872792 = score(doc=571,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09686198 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1768022 = boost
               3.4892128 = idf(docFreq=3668, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.30840576 = fieldWeight in 571, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4892128 = idf(docFreq=3668, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=571)
         0.16340905 = weight(abstract_txt:begriff in 571) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16340905 = score(doc=571,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.1935574 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5124738 = boost
               6.0408955 = idf(docFreq=285, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.84424084 = fieldWeight in 571, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               6.0408955 = idf(docFreq=285, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=571)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

5. Stöcklin, N.: Wikipedia clever nutzen : in Schule und Beruf (2010) 0.12

   0.11533146 = sum of:
     0.11533146 = product of:
       0.5766573 = sum of:
         0.037961368 = weight(abstract_txt:oder in 4531) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.037961368 = score(doc=4531,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.07158863 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3232726 = boost
               4.2421675 = idf(docFreq=1727, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.53027093 = fieldWeight in 4531, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.2421675 = idf(docFreq=1727, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4531)
         0.048538603 = weight(abstract_txt:bildung in 4531) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.048538603 = score(doc=4531,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11694919 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3809574 = boost
               6.640641 = idf(docFreq=156, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.41504008 = fieldWeight in 4531, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.640641 = idf(docFreq=156, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4531)
         0.01941888 = weight(abstract_txt:einer in 4531) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01941888 = score(doc=4531,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08000157 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6152729 = boost
               3.8837 = idf(docFreq=2472, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.24273124 = fieldWeight in 4531, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8837 = idf(docFreq=2472, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4531)
         0.021123253 = weight(abstract_txt:eine in 4531) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021123253 = score(doc=4531,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09686198 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1768022 = boost
               3.4892128 = idf(docFreq=3668, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.2180758 = fieldWeight in 4531, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4892128 = idf(docFreq=3668, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4531)
         0.4496152 = weight(abstract_txt:enzyklopädie in 4531) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.4496152 = score(doc=4531,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.70007795 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.555094 = boost
               7.2660704 = idf(docFreq=83, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01275284 = queryNorm
             0.64223593 = fieldWeight in 4531, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.2660704 = idf(docFreq=83, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4531)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)