Document (#27609)

Author

Zimmermann, H.

Title

Machen uns Computer vergesslich? : Das Gedächtnis in Zeiten der Mikroelektronik

Source

Bergische Landeszeitung. Nr.196 vom 24.8.2001, S

Year

2001

Series

Rundschau Magazin Wissenschaft

Abstract

"Ich habe ein Gedächtnis wie ein Sieb." Ob diese gängige Klage über mangelndes Erinnerungsvermögen im Zeitalter der technischen Speicher - PC, Laptop, Organizer, Handy - zwangsläufig zunehmen muss, ist Streitthema für Gedächtnisforscher und Gedächtnistrainer, Schnellmerk-Sportler und Pädagogen. Die Befürchtung: Je mehr technisch gespeichert und das Gedächtnis entlastet wird, desto arbeitsloser wird das Gehirn, und desto weniger kreative Gedanken entstehen. Kollektiver Gedächtnisschwund und durch Computer? - Überforderung durch die tägliche Informationsflut - Bei Dr. Gunther Karsten (38) in München besteht die Gefahr sicher nicht. Der Patent-Ubersetzer merkt sich einen Bandwurm aus 816 Ziffern, Texte, Gesichter mit zugehörigen Namen, 366 Spielkarten in der richtigen Reihenfolge und Wörter in Rekordzeit und hat-, damit zum dritten Mal in Folge die "Deutschen Gedächtnis-Meisterschaften" gewonnen. "Angesichts der wachsenden Flut von Informationen kann sich niemand mehr alles merken", sagt Karsten. Die technischen Speicher erlauben uns den Umgang mit der Datenflut. Die Gefahr besteht darin, dass wir von ihnen abhängig werden und nur noch im Kopf behalten, aus welchem Speicher wir welche Informationen bei Bedarf abrufen können." Als Bundesbildungsministerin Edelgard Bulmahn unlängst die Ausstattung aller Schüler mit Laptops bis zum Jahr 2006 ankündigte, artikulierten Lehrer sofort die Sorge, ohne ein darauf abgestimmtes pädagogisches Konzept drohe eine rein "technizistische Bildungsperspektive". Fertigkeiten im Umgang mit dem Laptop und ein "Just-in-time und DownloadWissen" könnten Bildung nicht ersetzen, so Josef Kraus vom "Deutschen Lehrer-Verband". Professor Markus Hasselborn, Gedächtnisforscher an der Uni Göttingen, will angesichts der fortschreitenden Ausstattung mit technischen Speichern nicht in Pessimismus ausbrechen: "Eigene Wissensbestände sind sicher wichtig für gedankliches Arbeiten. Aber jeder behält das, was er für sich persönlich am wichtigsten hält, automatisch im Kopf. Je mehr wir technisch speichern, desto weniger haben wir im Kopf diese Annahme ist falsch. Wir behalten vielmehr andere Informationen im Kopf." Beruhigende Erkenntnis also: Durch die Computer droht nicht die große Leere in den Köpfen. Dr. Frank Piekara, der im bayerischen Erding als Diplom-Psychologe arbeitet, gilt seit seiner Dissertation über die Arbeitsweise, des Gedächtnisses beim Bundesverband Deutscher Psychologen als GedächtnisExperte: Die durch technische Speicher frei werdenden Kapazitäten werden anderweitig ge.nutzt. Genauso wie die Kapazitäten, die wir durch Aussortieren von Informationsmüll frei machen. Deshalb sehe ich im Laptop für alle Schüler auch keine Gefahr." Ohne ein jederzeit aus dem Gedächtnis abrufbares Grundwissen verringern sich die Chancen für schöpferisches Denken, aber auch für soziale Kontakte. Andererseits: "Wer sozial fit ist, hat meist auch ein gutes Gedächtnis." Da schließt sich der Kreis.

Field

Kognitionswissenschaft

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