Document (#32930)

Author

Li, Y.
Shawe-Taylor, J.

Title

Advanced learning algorithms for cross-language patent retrieval and classification

Source

Information processing and management. 43(2007) no.5, S.1183-1199

Year

2007

Abstract

We study several machine learning algorithms for cross-language patent retrieval and classification. In comparison with most of other studies involving machine learning for cross-language information retrieval, which basically used learning techniques for monolingual sub-tasks, our learning algorithms exploit the bilingual training documents and learn a semantic representation from them. We study Japanese-English cross-language patent retrieval using Kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis (KCCA), a method of correlating linear relationships between two variables in kernel defined feature spaces. The results are quite encouraging and are significantly better than those obtained by other state of the art methods. We also investigate learning algorithms for cross-language document classification. The learning algorithm are based on KCCA and Support Vector Machines (SVM). In particular, we study two ways of combining the KCCA and SVM and found that one particular combination called SVM_2k achieved better results than other learning algorithms for either bilingual or monolingual test documents.

Footnote

Beitrag innerhalb eines Themenschwerpunkt "special issue on patent processing"

Field

Patentinformation

Similar documents (author)

1. Taylor, A.G.: Enhancing subject access in online systems : the year's work in subject analysis, 1991 (1992) 4.70

   4.7018247 = sum of:
     4.7018247 = weight(author_txt:taylor in 1504) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.7018247 = fieldWeight in 1504, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.5229197 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=43556)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1504)
   

2. Taylor, H.: Science Citation Index print and CD : the best of both worlds from ISI (1989) 4.70

   4.7018247 = sum of:
     4.7018247 = weight(author_txt:taylor in 4022) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.7018247 = fieldWeight in 4022, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.5229197 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=43556)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4022)
   

3. Taylor, A.G.: Variations in personal name access points in OCLC bibliographic records (1992) 4.70

   4.7018247 = sum of:
     4.7018247 = weight(author_txt:taylor in 5395) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.7018247 = fieldWeight in 5395, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.5229197 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=43556)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=5395)
   

4. Taylor, A.G.: Wynar's introduction to cataloging and classification (1992) 4.70

   4.7018247 = sum of:
     4.7018247 = weight(author_txt:taylor in 6011) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.7018247 = fieldWeight in 6011, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.5229197 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=43556)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=6011)
   

5. Taylor, D.: Object-oriented information systems : planning and implementation (1993) 4.70

   4.7018247 = sum of:
     4.7018247 = weight(author_txt:taylor in 7066) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.7018247 = fieldWeight in 7066, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.5229197 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=43556)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=7066)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Zhou, D.; Lawless, S.; Wu, X.; Zhao, W.; Liu, J.: ¬A study of user profile representation for personalized cross-language information retrieval (2016) 0.26

   0.25563917 = sum of:
     0.25563917 = product of:
       0.71010876 = sum of:
         0.011632953 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011632953 = score(doc=165,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.053241655 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0248901 = boost
               3.4958951 = idf(docFreq=3589, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.21849345 = fieldWeight in 165, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4958951 = idf(docFreq=3589, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=165)
         0.016138863 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016138863 = score(doc=165,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06622778 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1430668 = boost
               3.8989954 = idf(docFreq=2398, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.24368721 = fieldWeight in 165, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8989954 = idf(docFreq=2398, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=165)
         0.026942438 = weight(abstract_txt:documents in 165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.026942438 = score(doc=165,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07397293 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2080584 = boost
               4.1206813 = idf(docFreq=1921, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.3642202 = fieldWeight in 165, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.1206813 = idf(docFreq=1921, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=165)
         0.029700818 = weight(abstract_txt:better in 165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029700818 = score(doc=165,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09945742 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4007806 = boost
               4.7780557 = idf(docFreq=995, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.29862848 = fieldWeight in 165, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7780557 = idf(docFreq=995, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=165)
         0.033323288 = weight(abstract_txt:study in 165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.033323288 = score(doc=165,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.07744034 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5138427 = boost
               3.4424734 = idf(docFreq=3786, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.43030918 = fieldWeight in 165, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.4424734 = idf(docFreq=3786, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=165)
         0.032284576 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032284576 = score(doc=165,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.105144925 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0368576 = boost
               3.4738557 = idf(docFreq=3669, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.30704835 = fieldWeight in 165, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4738557 = idf(docFreq=3669, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=165)
         0.28072566 = weight(abstract_txt:monolingual in 165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.28072566 = score(doc=165,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.28008702 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3507042 = boost
               8.018241 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             1.0022801 = fieldWeight in 165, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               8.018241 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=165)
         0.0708208 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0708208 = score(doc=165,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.19122095 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0710666 = boost
               4.1901574 = idf(docFreq=1792, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.3703611 = fieldWeight in 165, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.1901574 = idf(docFreq=1792, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=165)
         0.20853937 = weight(abstract_txt:cross in 165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.20853937 = score(doc=165,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.34318095 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.114178 = boost
               5.613377 = idf(docFreq=431, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.6076659 = fieldWeight in 165, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.613377 = idf(docFreq=431, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=165)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

2. López-Ostenero, F.; Peinado, V.; Gonzalo, J.; Verdejo, F.: Interactive question answering : Is Cross-Language harder than monolingual searching? (2008) 0.25

   0.25215328 = sum of:
     0.25215328 = product of:
       0.787979 = sum of:
         0.034941666 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 4021) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.034941666 = score(doc=4021,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.06622778 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1430668 = boost
               3.8989954 = idf(docFreq=2398, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.5275983 = fieldWeight in 4021, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.8989954 = idf(docFreq=2398, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4021)
         0.023813976 = weight(abstract_txt:documents in 4021) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023813976 = score(doc=4021,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07397293 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2080584 = boost
               4.1206813 = idf(docFreq=1921, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.32192823 = fieldWeight in 4021, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1206813 = idf(docFreq=1921, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4021)
         0.020827055 = weight(abstract_txt:study in 4021) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020827055 = score(doc=4021,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07744034 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5138427 = boost
               3.4424734 = idf(docFreq=3786, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.26894325 = fieldWeight in 4021, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4424734 = idf(docFreq=3786, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4021)
         0.05081589 = weight(abstract_txt:machine in 4021) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05081589 = score(doc=4021,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12260775 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5552868 = boost
               5.3050756 = idf(docFreq=587, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.41445905 = fieldWeight in 4021, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.3050756 = idf(docFreq=587, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4021)
         0.04035572 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 4021) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04035572 = score(doc=4021,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.105144925 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0368576 = boost
               3.4738557 = idf(docFreq=3669, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.38381043 = fieldWeight in 4021, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4738557 = idf(docFreq=3669, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4021)
         0.24812877 = weight(abstract_txt:monolingual in 4021) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24812877 = score(doc=4021,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.28008702 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3507042 = boost
               8.018241 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.8858988 = fieldWeight in 4021, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.018241 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4021)
         0.108421765 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 4021) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.108421765 = score(doc=4021,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.19122095 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0710666 = boost
               4.1901574 = idf(docFreq=1792, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.5669973 = fieldWeight in 4021, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.1901574 = idf(docFreq=1792, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4021)
         0.2606742 = weight(abstract_txt:cross in 4021) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2606742 = score(doc=4021,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.34318095 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.114178 = boost
               5.613377 = idf(docFreq=431, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.7595824 = fieldWeight in 4021, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.613377 = idf(docFreq=431, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4021)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

3. Fujita, S.: NTCIR-2 as a Rosetta stone in laboratory experiments of IR systems (2005) 0.25

   0.24966341 = sum of:
     0.24966341 = product of:
       0.891655 = sum of:
         0.10582336 = weight(abstract_txt:japanese in 3015) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10582336 = score(doc=3015,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.12595612 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1146696 = boost
               7.604265 = idf(docFreq=58, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.84016055 = fieldWeight in 3015, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.604265 = idf(docFreq=58, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3015)
         0.020827055 = weight(abstract_txt:study in 3015) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020827055 = score(doc=3015,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07744034 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5138427 = boost
               3.4424734 = idf(docFreq=3786, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.26894325 = fieldWeight in 3015, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4424734 = idf(docFreq=3786, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3015)
         0.063807994 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 3015) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.063807994 = score(doc=3015,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.105144925 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0368576 = boost
               3.4738557 = idf(docFreq=3669, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.6068576 = fieldWeight in 3015, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.4738557 = idf(docFreq=3669, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3015)
         0.15170223 = weight(abstract_txt:bilingual in 3015) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15170223 = score(doc=3015,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25420234 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2394495 = boost
               7.6387515 = idf(docFreq=56, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.59677744 = fieldWeight in 3015, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.6387515 = idf(docFreq=56, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3015)
         0.24812877 = weight(abstract_txt:monolingual in 3015) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24812877 = score(doc=3015,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.28008702 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3507042 = boost
               8.018241 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.8858988 = fieldWeight in 3015, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.018241 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3015)
         0.088526 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 3015) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.088526 = score(doc=3015,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.19122095 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0710666 = boost
               4.1901574 = idf(docFreq=1792, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.46295136 = fieldWeight in 3015, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.1901574 = idf(docFreq=1792, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3015)
         0.21283959 = weight(abstract_txt:cross in 3015) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21283959 = score(doc=3015,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.34318095 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.114178 = boost
               5.613377 = idf(docFreq=431, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.6201964 = fieldWeight in 3015, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.613377 = idf(docFreq=431, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3015)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

4. Rosemblat, G.; Tse, T.; Gemoets, D.: Adapting a monolingual consumer health system for Spanish cross-language information retrieval (2004) 0.23

   0.22707386 = sum of:
     0.22707386 = product of:
       0.56768465 = sum of:
         0.020148866 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 3671) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020148866 = score(doc=3671,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.053241655 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0248901 = boost
               3.4958951 = idf(docFreq=3589, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.37844175 = fieldWeight in 3671, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.4958951 = idf(docFreq=3589, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3671)
         0.016138863 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 3671) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016138863 = score(doc=3671,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06622778 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1430668 = boost
               3.8989954 = idf(docFreq=2398, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.24368721 = fieldWeight in 3671, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8989954 = idf(docFreq=2398, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3671)
         0.01905118 = weight(abstract_txt:documents in 3671) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01905118 = score(doc=3671,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07397293 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2080584 = boost
               4.1206813 = idf(docFreq=1921, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.25754258 = fieldWeight in 3671, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1206813 = idf(docFreq=1921, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3671)
         0.016661644 = weight(abstract_txt:study in 3671) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016661644 = score(doc=3671,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07744034 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5138427 = boost
               3.4424734 = idf(docFreq=3786, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.21515459 = fieldWeight in 3671, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4424734 = idf(docFreq=3786, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3671)
         0.04065271 = weight(abstract_txt:machine in 3671) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04065271 = score(doc=3671,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12260775 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5552868 = boost
               5.3050756 = idf(docFreq=587, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.33156723 = fieldWeight in 3671, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.3050756 = idf(docFreq=587, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3671)
         0.022828644 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 3671) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022828644 = score(doc=3671,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.105144925 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0368576 = boost
               3.4738557 = idf(docFreq=3669, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.21711598 = fieldWeight in 3671, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4738557 = idf(docFreq=3669, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3671)
         0.12136178 = weight(abstract_txt:bilingual in 3671) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12136178 = score(doc=3671,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25420234 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2394495 = boost
               7.6387515 = idf(docFreq=56, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.47742197 = fieldWeight in 3671, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.6387515 = idf(docFreq=56, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3671)
         0.14036283 = weight(abstract_txt:monolingual in 3671) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14036283 = score(doc=3671,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.28008702 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3507042 = boost
               8.018241 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.50114006 = fieldWeight in 3671, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.018241 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3671)
         0.05007787 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 3671) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05007787 = score(doc=3671,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19122095 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0710666 = boost
               4.1901574 = idf(docFreq=1792, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.26188484 = fieldWeight in 3671, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1901574 = idf(docFreq=1792, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3671)
         0.12040026 = weight(abstract_txt:cross in 3671) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12040026 = score(doc=3671,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.34318095 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.114178 = boost
               5.613377 = idf(docFreq=431, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.35083607 = fieldWeight in 3671, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.613377 = idf(docFreq=431, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3671)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

5. Xie, Y.; Raghavan, V.V.: Language-modeling kernel based approach for information retrieval (2007) 0.22

   0.22253351 = sum of:
     0.22253351 = product of:
       0.79476255 = sum of:
         0.023813976 = weight(abstract_txt:documents in 3324) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023813976 = score(doc=3324,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07397293 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2080584 = boost
               4.1206813 = idf(docFreq=1921, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.32192823 = fieldWeight in 3324, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1206813 = idf(docFreq=1921, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3324)
         0.022394015 = weight(abstract_txt:other in 3324) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022394015 = score(doc=3324,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08127743 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.550894 = boost
               3.526728 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.27552563 = fieldWeight in 3324, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.526728 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3324)
         0.088015705 = weight(abstract_txt:machine in 3324) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.088015705 = score(doc=3324,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.12260775 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5552868 = boost
               5.3050756 = idf(docFreq=587, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.7178641 = fieldWeight in 3324, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.3050756 = idf(docFreq=587, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3324)
         0.049425464 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 3324) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.049425464 = score(doc=3324,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.105144925 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0368576 = boost
               3.4738557 = idf(docFreq=3669, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.4700699 = fieldWeight in 3324, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.4738557 = idf(docFreq=3669, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3324)
         0.29174376 = weight(abstract_txt:kernel in 3324) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.29174376 = score(doc=3324,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.31201535 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4810727 = boost
               8.462927 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.9350301 = fieldWeight in 3324, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.462927 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3324)
         0.108421765 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 3324) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.108421765 = score(doc=3324,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.19122095 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0710666 = boost
               4.1901574 = idf(docFreq=1792, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.5669973 = fieldWeight in 3324, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.1901574 = idf(docFreq=1792, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3324)
         0.21094789 = weight(abstract_txt:learning in 3324) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21094789 = score(doc=3324,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.39900503 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.611393 = boost
               4.7851086 = idf(docFreq=988, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0148599 = queryNorm
             0.5286848 = fieldWeight in 3324, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.7851086 = idf(docFreq=988, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3324)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)