Document (#33413)

Author

Boltzendahl, S.

Title

Ontologien in digitalen Bibliotheken unter dem Schwerpunkt Inhaltserschliessung und Recherche

Imprint

Berlin : Humboldt-Universität, Institut für Bibliothekswissenschaft

Year

2004

Pages

42 S

Series

Berliner Handreichungen zur Bibliothekswissenschaft ; 111

Abstract

Das Thema dieser Arbeit sind formale Ontologien in digltalen Bibliotheken. DIese Entwicklung der Künstlichen Intelligenz repräsentiert die Begrifflichkeit eInes Fachgebietes oder thematischen Bereiches sowohl auf konzeptueller wie auf terminologischer Ebene, die durch vielfältige Beziehungen zwischen den Termen und integrierten Schlussregeln "intelligentes" Suchen in Textdokumenten ermöglichen sollen. Ein Einsatz in digitalen Bibliotheken zur Bewältigung von Anforderungen des Information Retrieval und der Interoperabilität ist daher nahe liegend. Die vorliegende Arbeit betrachtet die Nutzung von Ontologien für Recherche und Inhaltserschließung in digitalen Bibliotheken und setzt sie in Beziehung zu den herkömmlichen dokumentarischen Hilfsmitteln Klassifikation und Thesaurus. Es zeigt sich, dass die Zielsetzungen bei der Entwicklung von formalen Ontologien nicht weit von den Anforderungen an moderne elektronische Thesauri entfernt sind.
Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von "formalen Ontologien" in digitalen Bibliotheken. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Inhaltserschließung und der Recherche, also dem Information Retrieval. Ontologien sind neuere Entwicklungen der künstlichen Intelligenz, die es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht haben, die Semantik elektronisch gespeicherter Daten zu beschreiben. Sie versprechen, damit angesichts einer steigenden Informationsflut" weltweiter Vemetzung und einem auch wirtschaftlich immer wichtiger werdenden Zugang zu und Austausch von Information und Wissen intelligente Lösungen zu liefern. Durch die Darstellung von gegenstandsbezogenem Wissen sollen mit Hilfe von Ontologien semantische Heterogenität behandelt und Integriert, intelligente Recherchemöglichkeiten auch für große Datenmengen eröffnet und damit Lösungen v.a. für das Wissensmanagement geboten werden. In dieser Arbeit soll der Frage nachgegangen werden, was unter Ontologien in diesem Sinne zu verstehen ist, wie sie in digitalen BIbliotheken als neuen Informationssystemen eingesetzt werden können und was sie im Verhältnis zu herkömmlichen Hilfsmitteln im Information Retrieval leisten. Dafür soll zunächst erläutert werden, was formale Ontologien sind und wo und zu welchen Zwecken sie eingesetzt werden können (Kapitel 2). Im darauf folgenden Kapitel sollen zunächst Anforderungen an das Information Retrieval in digitalen Bibliotheken skizziert werden und mögliche Einsatzbereiche von Ontologien aufgezeigt werden (Kapitel 3). Dieses Kapitel wird durch Beispiele von konkreten Projekten, die Ontologien in digitalen Bibliotheken einsetzen, ergänzt. Schließlich sollen in Kapitel 4 Ontologien in Beziehung gesetzt werden zu herkömmlichen dokumentarischen Hilfsmitteln der Inhaltserschließung und Recherche, v.a. dem Thesaurus. Bei dieser Darstellung kann es sich nur um einen allgemeinen Überblick über den Themenbereich handeln, eine genauere Darstellung würde den Rahmen dieser Arbeit sprengen. Auf einige Probleme und mögliche Untersuchungsbereiche" die sich für den Einsatz von Ontologien in digitalen Bibliotheken stellen, soll jedoch noch am Schluss dieser Arbeit (Kapitel 5) hingewiesen werden. Auf besondere Ansätze z.B. in der Thesaurusforschung (wie z.B. einem "semiotischen Thesaurus" (vgl. Schwarz/Umstätter) kann in diesem Rahmen nicht eingegangen werden.

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5. Harbig, D.; Schneider, R.: Ontology Learning im Rahmen von MyShelf (2006) 0.19

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