Document (#33984)

Author

Gorski, M.

Title

lnformationskompetenz im Spannungsfeld zwischen Schule und Universität : Beobachtungen zum Informations- und Suchverhalten in der gymnasialen Oberstufe und im Studium

Source

Bibliotheksdienst. 42(2008) H.7, S.738-761

Year

2008

Series

Themen: Informationsvermittlung

Abstract

Einleitung Informationskompetenz oder die Fähigkeit, Informationen unterschiedlichster Art zu recherchieren, zu evaluieren und weiter zu verwerten, wird in der Informations-und Wissensgesellschaft allgemein als grundlegende Schlüsselqualifikation für Ausbildung und Beruf verstanden. Mit der stark anwachsenden Zahl elektronisch verfügbarer Dokumente kommt der Informationskompetenz eine noch größere Bedeutung zu. Die wesentlichen Aspekte dieser Schlüsselqualifikation, die zum Bereich der sogenannten Soft Skills gehört, sind in einem von der amerikanischen Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) formulierten Standard der Informationskompetenz aufgeführt und beinhalten folgende Punkte: - Bestimmung von Art und Umfang der benötigten Informationen - Ermittlung eines effizienten und effektiven Zugangs zu den benötigten Informationen - Kritische Evaluation von Informationen und Quellen, sowie Integration der ausgewählten Informationen in das Wissen und Wertesystem - Zielkonforme Weiterverwertung von Informationen - Kenntnis über ökonomische, rechtliche und soziale Streitfragen bezüglich der Nutzung von Informationen - Zugang und Nutzung von Informationen in einer ethischen und legalen Weise. Motivation dieser Arbeit ist es, den Qualifikationsbedarf von Schülern der gymnasialen Oberstufe und von Studierenden hinsichtlich der oben genannten Teilaspekte der Informationskompetenz herauszuarbeiten. Die offensichtlich stark zunehmende Nutzung von Suchmaschinen und frei verfügbaren Online-Quellen im World Wide Web lenkt den Fokus dieser Untersuchung auf das Verhalten der Probanden bei der Informationsbeschaffung und -verwertung. Die hohe Relevanz der Nutzung von Suchmaschinen erfordert es, das Suchverhalten von Internetnutzern zu analysieren. Ohne die Kenntnis der Suchstrategien potentieller Nutzer von Online-Diensten oder Abnehmern eines Produktes können Marketing-Maßnahmen nicht optimal eingesetzt werden. Dieses gilt auch für Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken, welche innerhalb der akademischen Informationsversorgung enorme Leistungen erbringen. Gerade in Zeiten wachsenden Kostendrucks bei zugleich sinkenden Budgets ist es entscheidend, die Ressourcen entsprechend der Informationsbedürfnisstruktur der Nutzer (auch im folgenden: Kunden) optimal einzusetzen. Zunächst wird auf eines der schwerwiegendsten Probleme bei der Suche nach Fachinformationen eingegangen, dem Phänomen der Informationsüberflutung, dessen Wurzeln sowohl auf der Seite des Angebots als auch auf der Seite der Nachfrage nach Informationen zu suchen sind, vor allem dann, wenn die "Nachfrager" über eine eher schwach ausgeprägte Informationskompetenz im oben definierten Sinne verfügen. Der zweite Abschnitt behandelt den Aspekt der Verfügbarkeit einer Information, der zu einem hoch relevanten Kriterium für die Auswahl und Verwertung einer Information geworden ist. Die weiteren Ausführungen basieren auf den Ergebnissen einer empirischen Untersuchung zur Informationskompetenz von Schülern und Studenten und zeigen die Verfahrens- und Vorgehensweisen der Probanden bei der Suche und Evaluierung von Fachinformationen auf. Die Nutzung von Internet und Suchmaschinen besitzt in diesem Kontext eine besonders hohe Relevanz und wird ausführlich diskutiert. Der letzte Abschnitt dieser Arbeit fasst die Kernaussagen und -ergebnisse über das Suchverhalten der Probanden zusammen und verdeutlicht dabei den Handlungsbedarf für Bildungseinrichtungen, geeignete Schulungskonzepte zur Stärkung der im Zusammenhang mit Informationskompetenz geforderten Fähigkeiten und Kenntnisse zu entwickeln.

Theme

Informationsdienstleistungen

Location

D

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