Document (#34032)

Author
Lioma, C.
Ounis, I.
Title
¬A syntactically-based query reformulation technique for information retrieval
Source
Information processing and management. 44(2008) no.1, S.143-162
Year
2008
Abstract
Whereas in language words of high frequency are generally associated with low content [Bookstein, A., & Swanson, D. (1974). Probabilistic models for automatic indexing. Journal of the American Society of Information Science, 25(5), 312-318; Damerau, F. J. (1965). An experiment in automatic indexing. American Documentation, 16, 283-289; Harter, S. P. (1974). A probabilistic approach to automatic keyword indexing. PhD thesis, University of Chicago; Sparck-Jones, K. (1972). A statistical interpretation of term specificity and its application in retrieval. Journal of Documentation, 28, 11-21; Yu, C., & Salton, G. (1976). Precision weighting - an effective automatic indexing method. Journal of the Association for Computer Machinery (ACM), 23(1), 76-88], shallow syntactic fragments of high frequency generally correspond to lexical fragments of high content [Lioma, C., & Ounis, I. (2006). Examining the content load of part of speech blocks for information retrieval. In Proceedings of the international committee on computational linguistics and the association for computational linguistics (COLING/ACL 2006), Sydney, Australia]. We implement this finding to Information Retrieval, as follows. We present a novel automatic query reformulation technique, which is based on shallow syntactic evidence induced from various language samples, and used to enhance the performance of an Information Retrieval system. Firstly, we draw shallow syntactic evidence from language samples of varying size, and compare the effect of language sample size upon retrieval performance, when using our syntactically-based query reformulation (SQR) technique. Secondly, we compare SQR to a state-of-the-art probabilistic pseudo-relevance feedback technique. Additionally, we combine both techniques and evaluate their compatibility. We evaluate our proposed technique across two standard Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) English test collections, and three statistically different weighting models. Experimental results suggest that SQR markedly enhances retrieval performance, and is at least comparable to pseudo-relevance feedback. Notably, the combination of SQR and pseudo-relevance feedback further enhances retrieval performance considerably. These collective experimental results confirm the tenet that high frequency shallow syntactic fragments correspond to content-bearing lexical fragments.
Theme
Retrievalstudien

Similar documents (author)

  1. He, B.; Ounis, I.: Combining fields for query expansion and adaptive query expansion (2007) 4.81 
    4.808723 = sum of:
  4.808723 = weight(author_txt:ounis in 926) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
    4.808723 = fieldWeight in 926, product of:
      1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
        1.0 = termFreq=1.0
      9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
      0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=926)
  2. Chang, Y.; Ounis, I.; Kim, M.: Query reformulation using automatically generated query concepts from a document space (2006) 3.61 
    3.606542 = sum of:
  3.606542 = weight(author_txt:ounis in 972) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
    3.606542 = fieldWeight in 972, product of:
      1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
        1.0 = termFreq=1.0
      9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
      0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=972)
  3. Cacheda, F.; Plachouras, V.; Ounis, l.: ¬A case study of distributed information retrieval architectures to index one terabyte of text (2005) 3.61 
    3.606542 = sum of:
  3.606542 = weight(author_txt:ounis in 1042) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
    3.606542 = fieldWeight in 1042, product of:
      1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
        1.0 = termFreq=1.0
      9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
      0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=1042)
  4. Cacheda, F.; Carneiro, V.; Plachouras, V.; Ounis, I.: Performance analysis of distributed information retrieval architectures using an improved network simulation model (2007) 3.01 
    3.005452 = sum of:
  3.005452 = weight(author_txt:ounis in 903) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
    3.005452 = fieldWeight in 903, product of:
      1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
        1.0 = termFreq=1.0
      9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
      0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=903)
  5. Gray, A.J.G.; Gray, N.; Hall, C.W.; Ounis, I.: Finding the right term : retrieving and exploring semantic concepts in astronomical vocabularies (2010) 3.01 
    3.005452 = sum of:
  3.005452 = weight(author_txt:ounis in 4235) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
    3.005452 = fieldWeight in 4235, product of:
      1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
        1.0 = termFreq=1.0
      9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
      0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=4235)

Similar documents (content)

  1. Karisani, P.; Rahgozar, M.; Oroumchian, F.: Transforming LSA space dimensions into a rubric for an automatic assessment and feedback system (2016) 0.23 
    0.23327327 = sum of:
  0.23327327 = product of:
    0.728979 = sum of:
      0.12225312 = weight(abstract_txt:weighting in 2970) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.12225312 = score(doc=2970,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.14015055 = queryWeight, product of:
            6.9783883 = idf(docFreq=111, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.87229854 = fieldWeight in 2970, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            6.9783883 = idf(docFreq=111, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2970)
      0.08198111 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 2970) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.08198111 = score(doc=2970,freq=8.0), product of:
          0.097555354 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0218185 = boost
            4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.8403548 = fieldWeight in 2970, product of:
            2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
              8.0 = termFreq=8.0
            4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2970)
      0.056059014 = weight(abstract_txt:relevance in 2970) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.056059014 = score(doc=2970,freq=3.0), product of:
          0.105001405 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0600975 = boost
            4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.5338882 = fieldWeight in 2970, product of:
            1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
              3.0 = termFreq=3.0
            4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2970)
      0.09815711 = weight(abstract_txt:feedback in 2970) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.09815711 = score(doc=2970,freq=3.0), product of:
          0.15253845 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2777265 = boost
            5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.6434909 = fieldWeight in 2970, product of:
            1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
              3.0 = termFreq=3.0
            5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2970)
      0.03571542 = weight(abstract_txt:performance in 2970) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.03571542 = score(doc=2970,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.12341142 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.3270744 = boost
            4.63042 = idf(docFreq=1171, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.28940126 = fieldWeight in 2970, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.63042 = idf(docFreq=1171, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2970)
      0.23777503 = weight(abstract_txt:pseudo in 2970) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.23777503 = score(doc=2970,freq=3.0), product of:
          0.27513278 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.7160084 = boost
            7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.8642192 = fieldWeight in 2970, product of:
            1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
              3.0 = termFreq=3.0
            7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2970)
      0.06306829 = weight(abstract_txt:automatic in 2970) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.06306829 = score(doc=2970,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.1942207 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.8613173 = boost
            5.1955976 = idf(docFreq=665, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.32472485 = fieldWeight in 2970, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.1955976 = idf(docFreq=665, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2970)
      0.033969857 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 2970) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.033969857 = score(doc=2970,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.15640171 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.2409368 = boost
            3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.21719621 = fieldWeight in 2970, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2970)
    0.32 = coord(8/25)
  2. Jacquemin, C.: Spotting and discovering terms through natural language processing (2001) 0.23 
    0.23136938 = sum of:
  0.23136938 = product of:
    0.6426927 = sum of:
      0.0289847 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 119) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.0289847 = score(doc=119,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.097555354 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0218185 = boost
            4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.2971103 = fieldWeight in 119, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=119)
      0.026272135 = weight(abstract_txt:content in 119) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.026272135 = score(doc=119,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.10056536 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.1979586 = boost
            4.17991 = idf(docFreq=1838, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.2612444 = fieldWeight in 119, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.17991 = idf(docFreq=1838, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=119)
      0.037212502 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 119) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.037212502 = score(doc=119,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.10067016 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.1985826 = boost
            4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.3696478 = fieldWeight in 119, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=119)
      0.041865256 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 119) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.041865256 = score(doc=119,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.10889568 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.246588 = boost
            4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.38445285 = fieldWeight in 119, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=119)
      0.06306829 = weight(abstract_txt:automatic in 119) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.06306829 = score(doc=119,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.1942207 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.8613173 = boost
            5.1955976 = idf(docFreq=665, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.32472485 = fieldWeight in 119, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.1955976 = idf(docFreq=665, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=119)
      0.10000375 = weight(abstract_txt:syntactic in 119) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.10000375 = score(doc=119,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.2451672 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.8704616 = boost
            6.5264034 = idf(docFreq=175, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.4079002 = fieldWeight in 119, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.5264034 = idf(docFreq=175, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=119)
      0.07854315 = weight(abstract_txt:technique in 119) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.07854315 = score(doc=119,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.2248159 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.0025628 = boost
            5.5898643 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.34936652 = fieldWeight in 119, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.5898643 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=119)
      0.058837518 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 119) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.058837518 = score(doc=119,freq=3.0), product of:
          0.15640171 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.2409368 = boost
            3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.37619486 = fieldWeight in 119, product of:
            1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
              3.0 = termFreq=3.0
            3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=119)
      0.20790535 = weight(abstract_txt:shallow in 119) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.20790535 = score(doc=119,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.3993576 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.3872538 = boost
            8.329592 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.5205995 = fieldWeight in 119, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            8.329592 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=119)
    0.36 = coord(9/25)
  3. Beaulieu, M.; Jones, S.: Interactive searching and interface issues in the Okapi best match probabilistic retrieval system (1998) 0.21 
    0.2120596 = sum of:
  0.2120596 = product of:
    0.6626863 = sum of:
      0.09168984 = weight(abstract_txt:weighting in 430) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.09168984 = score(doc=430,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.14015055 = queryWeight, product of:
            6.9783883 = idf(docFreq=111, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.6542239 = fieldWeight in 430, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.9783883 = idf(docFreq=111, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=430)
      0.043477047 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 430) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.043477047 = score(doc=430,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.097555354 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0218185 = boost
            4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.44566542 = fieldWeight in 430, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=430)
      0.048548527 = weight(abstract_txt:relevance in 430) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.048548527 = score(doc=430,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.105001405 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0600975 = boost
            4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.46236074 = fieldWeight in 430, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=430)
      0.08500654 = weight(abstract_txt:feedback in 430) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.08500654 = score(doc=430,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.15253845 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2777265 = boost
            5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.55727947 = fieldWeight in 430, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=430)
      0.08514303 = weight(abstract_txt:frequency in 430) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.08514303 = score(doc=430,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.15270168 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.27841 = boost
            5.947494 = idf(docFreq=313, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.55757755 = fieldWeight in 430, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.947494 = idf(docFreq=313, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=430)
      0.12596257 = weight(abstract_txt:probabilistic in 430) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.12596257 = score(doc=430,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.19826168 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.4566916 = boost
            6.7769065 = idf(docFreq=136, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.63533497 = fieldWeight in 430, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.7769065 = idf(docFreq=136, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=430)
      0.094602436 = weight(abstract_txt:automatic in 430) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.094602436 = score(doc=430,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.1942207 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.8613173 = boost
            5.1955976 = idf(docFreq=665, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.48708728 = fieldWeight in 430, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.1955976 = idf(docFreq=665, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=430)
      0.088256285 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 430) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.088256285 = score(doc=430,freq=3.0), product of:
          0.15640171 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.2409368 = boost
            3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.5642923 = fieldWeight in 430, product of:
            1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
              3.0 = termFreq=3.0
            3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=430)
    0.32 = coord(8/25)
  4. Pan, M.; Huang, J.X.; He, T.; Mao, Z.; Ying, Z.; Tu, X.: ¬A simple kernel co-occurrence-based enhancement for pseudo-relevance feedback (2020) 0.21 
    0.20799333 = sum of:
  0.20799333 = product of:
    0.5777592 = sum of:
      0.0579694 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 5678) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.0579694 = score(doc=5678,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.097555354 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0218185 = boost
            4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.5942206 = fieldWeight in 5678, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5678)
      0.04577199 = weight(abstract_txt:relevance in 5678) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.04577199 = score(doc=5678,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.105001405 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0600975 = boost
            4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.43591788 = fieldWeight in 5678, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5678)
      0.026313214 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 5678) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.026313214 = score(doc=5678,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.10067016 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.1985826 = boost
            4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.26138046 = fieldWeight in 5678, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5678)
      0.05667103 = weight(abstract_txt:feedback in 5678) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.05667103 = score(doc=5678,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.15253845 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2777265 = boost
            5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.37151965 = fieldWeight in 5678, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5678)
      0.056762017 = weight(abstract_txt:frequency in 5678) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.056762017 = score(doc=5678,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.15270168 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.27841 = boost
            5.947494 = idf(docFreq=313, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.37171838 = fieldWeight in 5678, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.947494 = idf(docFreq=313, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5678)
      0.05050923 = weight(abstract_txt:performance in 5678) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.05050923 = score(doc=5678,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.12341142 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.3270744 = boost
            4.63042 = idf(docFreq=1171, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.40927517 = fieldWeight in 5678, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            4.63042 = idf(docFreq=1171, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5678)
      0.13727948 = weight(abstract_txt:pseudo in 5678) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.13727948 = score(doc=5678,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.27513278 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.7160084 = boost
            7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.4989572 = fieldWeight in 5678, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5678)
      0.07854315 = weight(abstract_txt:technique in 5678) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.07854315 = score(doc=5678,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.2248159 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.0025628 = boost
            5.5898643 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.34936652 = fieldWeight in 5678, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.5898643 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5678)
      0.06793971 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 5678) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.06793971 = score(doc=5678,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.15640171 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.2409368 = boost
            3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.43439242 = fieldWeight in 5678, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5678)
    0.36 = coord(9/25)
  5. Hancock-Beaulieu, M.; Fieldhouse, M.; Do, T.: ¬An evaluation of interactive query expansion in an online library catalogue with a graphical user interface (1995) 0.21 
    0.20695949 = sum of:
  0.20695949 = product of:
    0.6467484 = sum of:
      0.09168984 = weight(abstract_txt:weighting in 1666) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.09168984 = score(doc=1666,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.14015055 = queryWeight, product of:
            6.9783883 = idf(docFreq=111, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.6542239 = fieldWeight in 1666, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.9783883 = idf(docFreq=111, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1666)
      0.07530446 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 1666) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.07530446 = score(doc=1666,freq=3.0), product of:
          0.097555354 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0218185 = boost
            4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.7719152 = fieldWeight in 1666, product of:
            1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
              3.0 = termFreq=3.0
            4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1666)
      0.048548527 = weight(abstract_txt:relevance in 1666) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.048548527 = score(doc=1666,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.105001405 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0600975 = boost
            4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.46236074 = fieldWeight in 1666, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1666)
      0.08500654 = weight(abstract_txt:feedback in 1666) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.08500654 = score(doc=1666,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.15253845 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2777265 = boost
            5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.55727947 = fieldWeight in 1666, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.9443145 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1666)
      0.053573128 = weight(abstract_txt:performance in 1666) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.053573128 = score(doc=1666,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.12341142 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.3270744 = boost
            4.63042 = idf(docFreq=1171, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.43410188 = fieldWeight in 1666, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.63042 = idf(docFreq=1171, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1666)
      0.12596257 = weight(abstract_txt:probabilistic in 1666) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.12596257 = score(doc=1666,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.19826168 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.4566916 = boost
            6.7769065 = idf(docFreq=136, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.63533497 = fieldWeight in 1666, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.7769065 = idf(docFreq=136, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1666)
      0.094602436 = weight(abstract_txt:automatic in 1666) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.094602436 = score(doc=1666,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.1942207 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.8613173 = boost
            5.1955976 = idf(docFreq=665, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.48708728 = fieldWeight in 1666, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.1955976 = idf(docFreq=665, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1666)
      0.07206095 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 1666) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.07206095 = score(doc=1666,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.15640171 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.2409368 = boost
            3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
            0.020083511 = queryNorm
          0.4607427 = fieldWeight in 1666, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1666)
    0.32 = coord(8/25)