Document (#34582)

Author
Van Epps, A.S.
Title
¬The evolution of electronic reference sources
Source
Library hi tech. 23(2005) no.2, S.287-298
Year
2005
Abstract
Purpose - To provide a historical look at the development of web versions of reference materials and discuss what makes an easy-to-use and useful electronic handbook. Design/methodology/approach - Electronic reference materials were limited to handbooks available on the web. Observations and assumptions about usability are tested with an information retrieval test for specific tasks in print and online editions of the same texts. Findings - Recommended adoption of those elements which create a well-designed book in combination with robust search capabilities and online presentation result in an easy-to-use and useful electronic reference source. Research limitations/implications - The small sample size that was used for testing limits the ability to draw conclusions, and is used only as an indication of the differences between models. A more thorough look at difference between electronic book aggregates, such as ENGnetBASE, Knovel® and Referex would highlight the best features for electronic reference materials. Practical implications - Advantages to particular models for electronic reference publishing are discussed, raising awareness for product evaluation. Areas of development for electronic reference book publishers or providers are identified. Work in these areas would help ensure maximum efficiency through cross title searching via meta-searching and data manipulation. Originality/value - The paper presents results from some human computer interaction studies about electronic books which have been implemented in a web interface, and the positive effects achieved.
Theme
Informationsmittel
Internet
Location
USA

Similar documents (content)

  1. Handbook on electronic commerce (2000) 0.26
    0.25927186 = sum of:
      0.25927186 = product of:
        1.2963593 = sum of:
          0.6667145 = weight(title_txt:handbook in 820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.6667145 = score(doc=820,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17340784 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1101215 = boost
                7.689554 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              3.844777 = fieldWeight in 820, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.689554 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44218)
                0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=820)
          0.04176031 = weight(abstract_txt:development in 820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04176031 = score(doc=820,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.086829625 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.110926 = boost
                3.8475635 = idf(docFreq=2563, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.48094544 = fieldWeight in 820, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.8475635 = idf(docFreq=2563, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=820)
          0.06599626 = weight(abstract_txt:implications in 820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06599626 = score(doc=820,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11780715 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.294008 = boost
                4.481647 = idf(docFreq=1359, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.5602059 = fieldWeight in 820, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.481647 = idf(docFreq=1359, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=820)
          0.0733166 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0733166 = score(doc=820,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.12636505 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3401847 = boost
                4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.5801968 = fieldWeight in 820, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=820)
          0.44857168 = weight(abstract_txt:electronic in 820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.44857168 = score(doc=820,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.4838868 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.563259 = boost
                4.281712 = idf(docFreq=1660, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.9270178 = fieldWeight in 820, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.281712 = idf(docFreq=1660, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=820)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  2. Conner-Sax, K.; Krol, E.: ¬The whole Internet : the next generation (1999) 0.26
    0.2592005 = sum of:
      0.2592005 = product of:
        1.0800022 = sum of:
          0.022352744 = weight(abstract_txt:online in 1448) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.022352744 = score(doc=1448,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.07883468 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0585462 = boost
                3.6661522 = idf(docFreq=3073, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.28353947 = fieldWeight in 1448, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.6661522 = idf(docFreq=3073, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1448)
          0.019339202 = weight(abstract_txt:about in 1448) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.019339202 = score(doc=1448,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.090184614 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.132185 = boost
                3.9211915 = idf(docFreq=2381, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.21444015 = fieldWeight in 1448, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.9211915 = idf(docFreq=2381, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1448)
          0.79320383 = weight(subject_txt:handbooks in 1448) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.79320383 = score(doc=1448,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.21282695 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2298424 = boost
                8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              3.7269895 = fieldWeight in 1448, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
                0.4375 = fieldNorm(doc=1448)
          0.036353957 = weight(abstract_txt:useful in 1448) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.036353957 = score(doc=1448,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1373645 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3972961 = boost
                4.839373 = idf(docFreq=950, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.2646532 = fieldWeight in 1448, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.839373 = idf(docFreq=950, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1448)
          0.09544734 = weight(abstract_txt:book in 1448) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09544734 = score(doc=1448,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.2074942 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.103293 = boost
                4.856341 = idf(docFreq=934, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.46000004 = fieldWeight in 1448, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.856341 = idf(docFreq=934, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1448)
          0.11330506 = weight(abstract_txt:electronic in 1448) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.11330506 = score(doc=1448,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.4838868 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.563259 = boost
                4.281712 = idf(docFreq=1660, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.23415613 = fieldWeight in 1448, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.281712 = idf(docFreq=1660, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1448)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  3. Wertsman, V.F.: ¬The librarian's companion : a handbook of thousands of facts and figures on libraries / libriarians, books / newspapers, publishers / booksellers (1996) 0.25
    0.24997035 = sum of:
      0.24997035 = product of:
        1.2498517 = sum of:
          0.2916876 = weight(title_txt:handbook in 2452) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.2916876 = score(doc=2452,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17340784 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1101215 = boost
                7.689554 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              1.68209 = fieldWeight in 2452, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.689554 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44218)
                0.21875 = fieldNorm(doc=2452)
          0.038281694 = weight(abstract_txt:about in 2452) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.038281694 = score(doc=2452,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.090184614 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.132185 = boost
                3.9211915 = idf(docFreq=2381, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.42448142 = fieldWeight in 2452, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.9211915 = idf(docFreq=2381, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2452)
          0.67988896 = weight(subject_txt:handbooks in 2452) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.67988896 = score(doc=2452,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.21282695 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2298424 = boost
                8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              3.1945624 = fieldWeight in 2452, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
                0.1875 = fieldNorm(doc=2452)
          0.12595782 = weight(abstract_txt:book in 2452) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.12595782 = score(doc=2452,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.2074942 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.103293 = boost
                4.856341 = idf(docFreq=934, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.6070426 = fieldWeight in 2452, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                4.856341 = idf(docFreq=934, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2452)
          0.114035584 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 2452) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.114035584 = score(doc=2452,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.40884784 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.509891 = boost
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.27891937 = fieldWeight in 2452, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2452)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  4. Pester, D.: Finding legal information : a guide to print and electronic sources (2003) 0.24
    0.23897052 = sum of:
      0.23897052 = product of:
        0.85346615 = sum of:
          0.027095621 = weight(abstract_txt:online in 4508) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.027095621 = score(doc=4508,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07883468 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0585462 = boost
                3.6661522 = idf(docFreq=3073, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.34370178 = fieldWeight in 4508, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.6661522 = idf(docFreq=3073, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4508)
          0.062321074 = weight(abstract_txt:useful in 4508) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.062321074 = score(doc=4508,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1373645 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3972961 = boost
                4.839373 = idf(docFreq=950, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.45369124 = fieldWeight in 4508, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.839373 = idf(docFreq=950, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4508)
          0.06369548 = weight(abstract_txt:areas in 4508) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06369548 = score(doc=4508,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13937676 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4074934 = boost
                4.87469 = idf(docFreq=917, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.4570022 = fieldWeight in 4508, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.87469 = idf(docFreq=917, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4508)
          0.12100924 = weight(abstract_txt:easy in 4508) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.12100924 = score(doc=4508,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.21379471 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7432097 = boost
                6.037405 = idf(docFreq=286, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.5660067 = fieldWeight in 4508, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.037405 = idf(docFreq=286, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4508)
          0.13359845 = weight(abstract_txt:book in 4508) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.13359845 = score(doc=4508,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.2074942 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.103293 = boost
                4.856341 = idf(docFreq=934, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.64386594 = fieldWeight in 4508, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.856341 = idf(docFreq=934, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4508)
          0.17105338 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 4508) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17105338 = score(doc=4508,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.40884784 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.509891 = boost
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.41837907 = fieldWeight in 4508, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4508)
          0.27469292 = weight(abstract_txt:electronic in 4508) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.27469292 = score(doc=4508,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.4838868 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.563259 = boost
                4.281712 = idf(docFreq=1660, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.5676801 = fieldWeight in 4508, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.281712 = idf(docFreq=1660, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4508)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  5. Carande, R.: Automation in library reference services : a handbook (1993) 0.23
    0.22541395 = sum of:
      0.22541395 = product of:
        1.4088372 = sum of:
          0.5000359 = weight(title_txt:handbook in 765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.5000359 = score(doc=765,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17340784 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1101215 = boost
                7.689554 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              2.8835828 = fieldWeight in 765, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.689554 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44218)
                0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=765)
          0.56657416 = weight(subject_txt:handbooks in 765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.56657416 = score(doc=765,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.21282695 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2298424 = boost
                8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              2.6621354 = fieldWeight in 765, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
                0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=765)
          0.14266479 = weight(abstract_txt:look in 765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.14266479 = score(doc=765,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.21529368 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.74931 = boost
                6.0585327 = idf(docFreq=280, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.662652 = fieldWeight in 765, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.0585327 = idf(docFreq=280, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=765)
          0.19956227 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.19956227 = score(doc=765,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.40884784 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.509891 = boost
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020314073 = queryNorm
              0.4881089 = fieldWeight in 765, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=765)
        0.16 = coord(4/25)