Document (#34797)

Author

Wolfram, D.
Wang, P.
Zhang, J.

Title

Identifying Web search session patterns using cluster analysis : a comparison of three search environments

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.5, S.896-910

Year

2009

Abstract

Session characteristics taken from large transaction logs of three Web search environments (academic Web site, public search engine, consumer health information portal) were modeled using cluster analysis to determine if coherent session groups emerged for each environment and whether the types of session groups are similar across the three environments. The analysis revealed three distinct clusters of session behaviors common to each environment: hit and run sessions on focused topics, relatively brief sessions on popular topics, and sustained sessions using obscure terms with greater query modification. The findings also revealed shifts in session characteristics over time for one of the datasets, away from hit and run sessions toward more popular search topics. A better understanding of session characteristics can help system designers to develop more responsive systems to support search features that cater to identifiable groups of searchers based on their search behaviors. For example, the system may identify struggling searchers based on session behaviors that match those identified in the current study to provide context sensitive help.

Similar documents (author)

1. Zhang, J.; Wolfram, D.; Wang, P.: Analysis of query keywords of sports-related queries using visualization and clustering (2009) 4.57

   4.572586 = sum of:
     4.572586 = sum of:
       1.1149362 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 2947) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.1149362 = score(doc=2947,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.46282926 = queryWeight, product of:
             6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
             0.07204816 = queryNorm
           2.408958 = fieldWeight in 2947, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
             0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=2947)
       1.187911 = weight(author_txt:wang in 2947) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.187911 = score(doc=2947,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.48281053 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.0213579 = boost
             6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
             0.07204816 = queryNorm
           2.4604082 = fieldWeight in 2947, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
             0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=2947)
       2.2697384 = weight(author_txt:wolfram in 2947) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         2.2697384 = score(doc=2947,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.7434265 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.2673851 = boost
             8.14154 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44218)
             0.07204816 = queryNorm
           3.0530772 = fieldWeight in 2947, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.14154 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44218)
             0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=2947)
   

2. Zhang, J.; Wolfram, D.; Wang, P.; Hong, Y.; Gillis, R.: Visualization of health-subject analysis based on query term co-occurrences (2008) 3.81

   3.8104882 = sum of:
     3.8104882 = sum of:
       0.9291135 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 2376) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         0.9291135 = score(doc=2376,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.46282926 = queryWeight, product of:
             6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
             0.07204816 = queryNorm
           2.007465 = fieldWeight in 2376, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
             0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=2376)
       0.9899258 = weight(author_txt:wang in 2376) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         0.9899258 = score(doc=2376,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.48281053 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.0213579 = boost
             6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
             0.07204816 = queryNorm
           2.0503402 = fieldWeight in 2376, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
             0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=2376)
       1.8914489 = weight(author_txt:wolfram in 2376) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.8914489 = score(doc=2376,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.7434265 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.2673851 = boost
             8.14154 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44218)
             0.07204816 = queryNorm
           2.5442312 = fieldWeight in 2376, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.14154 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44218)
             0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=2376)
   

3. Wang, F.; Wolfram, D.: Assessment of journal similarity based on citing discipline analysis (2015) 3.07

   3.0734663 = sum of:
     3.0734663 = product of:
       4.6101995 = sum of:
         1.5838813 = weight(author_txt:wang in 1849) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.5838813 = score(doc=1849,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.48281053 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0213579 = boost
               6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
               0.07204816 = queryNorm
             3.2805443 = fieldWeight in 1849, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=1849)
         3.026318 = weight(author_txt:wolfram in 1849) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.026318 = score(doc=1849,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.7434265 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2673851 = boost
               8.14154 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44218)
               0.07204816 = queryNorm
             4.07077 = fieldWeight in 1849, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.14154 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44218)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=1849)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

4. Zhang, J.; Wolfram, D.: Visualization of term discrimination analysis (2001) 3.01

   3.0085998 = sum of:
     3.0085998 = product of:
       4.5128994 = sum of:
         1.4865816 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 5210) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.4865816 = score(doc=5210,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.46282926 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.07204816 = queryNorm
             3.2119439 = fieldWeight in 5210, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=5210)
         3.026318 = weight(author_txt:wolfram in 5210) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.026318 = score(doc=5210,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.7434265 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2673851 = boost
               8.14154 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44218)
               0.07204816 = queryNorm
             4.07077 = fieldWeight in 5210, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.14154 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44218)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=5210)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

5. Wolfram, D.; Zhang, J.: ¬An investigation of the influence of indexing exhaustivity and term distributions on a document space (2002) 3.01

   3.0085998 = sum of:
     3.0085998 = product of:
       4.5128994 = sum of:
         1.4865816 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 5238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.4865816 = score(doc=5238,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.46282926 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.07204816 = queryNorm
             3.2119439 = fieldWeight in 5238, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=5238)
         3.026318 = weight(author_txt:wolfram in 5238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.026318 = score(doc=5238,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.7434265 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2673851 = boost
               8.14154 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44218)
               0.07204816 = queryNorm
             4.07077 = fieldWeight in 5238, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.14154 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44218)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=5238)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Wolfram, D.: Search characteristics in different types of Web-based IR environments : are they the same? (2008) 0.35

   0.34962082 = sum of:
     0.34962082 = product of:
       0.9711689 = sum of:
         0.029016996 = weight(abstract_txt:environment in 2093) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029016996 = score(doc=2093,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08012368 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2247567 = boost
               4.635553 = idf(docFreq=1165, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.36215258 = fieldWeight in 2093, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.635553 = idf(docFreq=1165, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2093)
         0.01814852 = weight(abstract_txt:using in 2093) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01814852 = score(doc=2093,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06707857 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3724829 = boost
               3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.27055615 = fieldWeight in 2093, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2093)
         0.021309953 = weight(abstract_txt:analysis in 2093) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021309953 = score(doc=2093,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07465828 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4479516 = boost
               3.6535451 = idf(docFreq=3112, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.2854332 = fieldWeight in 2093, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6535451 = idf(docFreq=3112, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2093)
         0.06079733 = weight(abstract_txt:revealed in 2093) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06079733 = score(doc=2093,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13119449 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.56721 = boost
               5.931696 = idf(docFreq=318, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.46341375 = fieldWeight in 2093, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.931696 = idf(docFreq=318, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2093)
         0.071821414 = weight(abstract_txt:characteristics in 2093) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.071821414 = score(doc=2093,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.13320349 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9340729 = boost
               4.8801513 = idf(docFreq=912, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.53918564 = fieldWeight in 2093, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.8801513 = idf(docFreq=912, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2093)
         0.11661507 = weight(abstract_txt:environments in 2093) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11661507 = score(doc=2093,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1840134 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.273211 = boost
               5.735882 = idf(docFreq=387, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.6337314 = fieldWeight in 2093, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.735882 = idf(docFreq=387, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2093)
         0.14224131 = weight(abstract_txt:behaviors in 2093) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14224131 = score(doc=2093,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.21006973 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.428828 = boost
               6.128543 = idf(docFreq=261, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.6771147 = fieldWeight in 2093, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.128543 = idf(docFreq=261, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2093)
         0.14972244 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 2093) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14972244 = score(doc=2093,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.17463274 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3827217 = boost
               3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.8573561 = fieldWeight in 2093, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2093)
         0.36149588 = weight(abstract_txt:session in 2093) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.36149588 = score(doc=2093,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6835152 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.154404 = boost
               6.769634 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.5288776 = fieldWeight in 2093, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.769634 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2093)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

2. Chen, H.-M.; Cooper, M.D.: Using clustering techniques to detect usage patterns in a Web-based information system (2001) 0.33

   0.3300842 = sum of:
     0.3300842 = product of:
       0.8252105 = sum of:
         0.016282894 = weight(abstract_txt:each in 6526) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016282894 = score(doc=6526,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06325385 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0882105 = boost
               4.118742 = idf(docFreq=1954, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.25742137 = fieldWeight in 6526, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.118742 = idf(docFreq=1954, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6526)
         0.026006253 = weight(abstract_txt:help in 6526) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.026006253 = score(doc=6526,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08642733 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.272023 = boost
               4.81445 = idf(docFreq=974, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.3009031 = fieldWeight in 6526, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.81445 = idf(docFreq=974, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6526)
         0.014518814 = weight(abstract_txt:using in 6526) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014518814 = score(doc=6526,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06707857 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3724829 = boost
               3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.21644491 = fieldWeight in 6526, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6526)
         0.02410946 = weight(abstract_txt:analysis in 6526) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02410946 = score(doc=6526,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07465828 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4479516 = boost
               3.6535451 = idf(docFreq=3112, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.3229308 = fieldWeight in 6526, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.6535451 = idf(docFreq=3112, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6526)
         0.06546979 = weight(abstract_txt:cluster in 6526) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06546979 = score(doc=6526,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15994103 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7304113 = boost
               6.5493927 = idf(docFreq=171, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.40933704 = fieldWeight in 6526, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.5493927 = idf(docFreq=171, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6526)
         0.040628325 = weight(abstract_txt:characteristics in 6526) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.040628325 = score(doc=6526,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13320349 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9340729 = boost
               4.8801513 = idf(docFreq=912, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.30500945 = fieldWeight in 6526, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.8801513 = idf(docFreq=912, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6526)
         0.06556749 = weight(abstract_txt:groups in 6526) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06556749 = score(doc=6526,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.14546062 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0210998 = boost
               5.0997415 = idf(docFreq=732, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.4507577 = fieldWeight in 6526, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.0997415 = idf(docFreq=732, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6526)
         0.039925985 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 6526) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.039925985 = score(doc=6526,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17463274 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3827217 = boost
               3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.22862828 = fieldWeight in 6526, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6526)
         0.24350475 = weight(abstract_txt:sessions in 6526) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24350475 = score(doc=6526,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.3354083 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.543817 = boost
               6.7064548 = idf(docFreq=146, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.725995 = fieldWeight in 6526, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.7064548 = idf(docFreq=146, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6526)
         0.28919673 = weight(abstract_txt:session in 6526) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.28919673 = score(doc=6526,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6835152 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.154404 = boost
               6.769634 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.4231021 = fieldWeight in 6526, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.769634 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6526)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

3. Sahib, N.G.; Tombros, A.; Stockman, T.: Investigating the behavior of visually impaired users for multi-session search tasks (2014) 0.30

   0.29699036 = sum of:
     0.29699036 = product of:
       1.2374599 = sum of:
         0.014518814 = weight(abstract_txt:using in 1181) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014518814 = score(doc=1181,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06707857 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3724829 = boost
               3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.21644491 = fieldWeight in 1181, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1181)
         0.044954054 = weight(abstract_txt:popular in 1181) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.044954054 = score(doc=1181,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12448351 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5266002 = boost
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.36112458 = fieldWeight in 1181, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.777993 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1181)
         0.071541354 = weight(abstract_txt:searchers in 1181) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.071541354 = score(doc=1181,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.13467719 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5878754 = boost
               6.009912 = idf(docFreq=294, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.5312062 = fieldWeight in 1181, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.009912 = idf(docFreq=294, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1181)
         0.097798295 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 1181) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.097798295 = score(doc=1181,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.17463274 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3827217 = boost
               3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.56002265 = fieldWeight in 1181, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1181)
         0.24350475 = weight(abstract_txt:sessions in 1181) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24350475 = score(doc=1181,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.3354083 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.543817 = boost
               6.7064548 = idf(docFreq=146, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.725995 = fieldWeight in 1181, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.7064548 = idf(docFreq=146, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1181)
         0.76514256 = weight(abstract_txt:session in 1181) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.76514256 = score(doc=1181,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.6835152 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.154404 = boost
               6.769634 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             1.1194229 = fieldWeight in 1181, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               6.769634 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1181)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

4. Ozmutlu, H.C.; Cavdur, F.; Ozmutlu, S.: Cross-validation of neural network applications for automatic new topic identification (2008) 0.28

   0.28203604 = sum of:
     0.28203604 = product of:
       1.0072715 = sum of:
         0.050542057 = weight(abstract_txt:shifts in 1364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050542057 = score(doc=1364,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1068295 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.5697527 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.47310954 = fieldWeight in 1364, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.5697527 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1364)
         0.014518814 = weight(abstract_txt:using in 1364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014518814 = score(doc=1364,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06707857 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3724829 = boost
               3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.21644491 = fieldWeight in 1364, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1364)
         0.057457127 = weight(abstract_txt:characteristics in 1364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.057457127 = score(doc=1364,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.13320349 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9340729 = boost
               4.8801513 = idf(docFreq=912, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.4313485 = fieldWeight in 1364, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.8801513 = idf(docFreq=912, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1364)
         0.04599463 = weight(abstract_txt:topics in 1364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04599463 = score(doc=1364,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14468864 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0157294 = boost
               5.086191 = idf(docFreq=742, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.31788695 = fieldWeight in 1364, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.086191 = idf(docFreq=742, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1364)
         0.11977795 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 1364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11977795 = score(doc=1364,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.17463274 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3827217 = boost
               3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.68588483 = fieldWeight in 1364, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1364)
         0.14058754 = weight(abstract_txt:sessions in 1364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14058754 = score(doc=1364,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3354083 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.543817 = boost
               6.7064548 = idf(docFreq=146, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.41915342 = fieldWeight in 1364, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.7064548 = idf(docFreq=146, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1364)
         0.57839346 = weight(abstract_txt:session in 1364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.57839346 = score(doc=1364,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.6835152 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.154404 = boost
               6.769634 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.8462042 = fieldWeight in 1364, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               6.769634 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1364)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

5. Jansen, B.J.; Spink, A.; Blakely, C.; Koshman, S.: Defining a session on Web search engines (2007) 0.24

   0.24240698 = sum of:
     0.24240698 = product of:
       1.0100291 = sum of:
         0.017966116 = weight(abstract_txt:using in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017966116 = score(doc=285,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.06707857 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3724829 = boost
               3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.2678369 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
         0.021095777 = weight(abstract_txt:analysis in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021095777 = score(doc=285,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07465828 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4479516 = boost
               3.6535451 = idf(docFreq=3112, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.28256446 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.6535451 = idf(docFreq=3112, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
         0.044263955 = weight(abstract_txt:searchers in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.044263955 = score(doc=285,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13467719 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5878754 = boost
               6.009912 = idf(docFreq=294, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.32866707 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.009912 = idf(docFreq=294, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
         0.060838684 = weight(abstract_txt:three in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.060838684 = score(doc=285,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.14543983 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3335981 = boost
               4.41619 = idf(docFreq=1451, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.41830826 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.41619 = idf(docFreq=1451, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
         0.24602818 = weight(abstract_txt:sessions in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24602818 = score(doc=285,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.3354083 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.543817 = boost
               6.7064548 = idf(docFreq=146, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.7335185 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               6.7064548 = idf(docFreq=146, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
         0.6198364 = weight(abstract_txt:session in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.6198364 = score(doc=285,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.6835152 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.154404 = boost
               6.769634 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01411268 = queryNorm
             0.9068363 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               6.769634 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)