Document (#35455)

Author
Hofmann, K.
Balog, K.
Bogers, T.
Rijke, M. de
Title
Contextual factors for finding similar experts
Source
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.5, S.994-1014
Year
2010
Abstract
Expertise-seeking research studies how people search for expertise and choose whom to contact in the context of a specific task. An important outcome are models that identify factors that influence expert finding. Expertise retrieval addresses the same problem, expert finding, but from a system-centered perspective. The main focus has been on developing content-based algorithms similar to document search. These algorithms identify matching experts primarily on the basis of the textual content of documents with which experts are associated. Other factors, such as the ones identified by expertise-seeking models, are rarely taken into account. In this article, we extend content-based expert-finding approaches with contextual factors that have been found to influence human expert finding. We focus on a task of science communicators in a knowledge-intensive environment, the task of finding similar experts, given an example expert. Our approach combines expertise-seeking and retrieval research. First, we conduct a user study to identify contextual factors that may play a role in the studied task and environment. Then, we design expert retrieval models to capture these factors. We combine these with content-based retrieval models and evaluate them in a retrieval experiment. Our main finding is that while content-based features are the most important, human participants also take contextual factors into account, such as media experience and organizational structure. We develop two principled ways of modeling the identified factors and integrate them with content-based retrieval models. Our experiments show that models combining content-based and contextual factors can significantly outperform existing content-based models.

Similar documents (author)

  1. Balog, K.; Azzopardi, L.; Rijke, M. de: ¬A language modeling framework for expert finding (2009) 2.80 
    2.800692 = sum of:
  2.800692 = product of:
    4.201038 = sum of:
      1.679551 = weight(author_txt:rijke in 4445) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        1.679551 = score(doc=4445,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.5185431 = queryWeight, product of:
            8.63728 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=43556)
            0.060035463 = queryNorm
          3.2389803 = fieldWeight in 4445, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            8.63728 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=43556)
            0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=4445)
      2.521487 = weight(author_txt:balog in 4445) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        2.521487 = score(doc=4445,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.67987216 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.1450413 = boost
            9.890043 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=43556)
            0.060035463 = queryNorm
          3.7087662 = fieldWeight in 4445, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            9.890043 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=43556)
            0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=4445)
    0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  2. Kenter, T.; Balog, K.; Rijke, M. de: Evaluating document filtering systems over time (2015) 2.80 
    2.800692 = sum of:
  2.800692 = product of:
    4.201038 = sum of:
      1.679551 = weight(author_txt:rijke in 4670) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        1.679551 = score(doc=4670,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.5185431 = queryWeight, product of:
            8.63728 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=43556)
            0.060035463 = queryNorm
          3.2389803 = fieldWeight in 4670, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            8.63728 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=43556)
            0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=4670)
      2.521487 = weight(author_txt:balog in 4670) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        2.521487 = score(doc=4670,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.67987216 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.1450413 = boost
            9.890043 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=43556)
            0.060035463 = queryNorm
          3.7087662 = fieldWeight in 4670, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            9.890043 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=43556)
            0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=4670)
    0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  3. Berendsen, R.; Rijke, M. de; Balog, K.; Bogers, T.; Bosch, A. van den: On the assessment of expertise profiles (2013) 1.87 
    1.8671279 = sum of:
  1.8671279 = product of:
    2.8006918 = sum of:
      1.1197006 = weight(author_txt:rijke in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        1.1197006 = score(doc=3087,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.5185431 = queryWeight, product of:
            8.63728 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=43556)
            0.060035463 = queryNorm
          2.15932 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            8.63728 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=43556)
            0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
      1.6809913 = weight(author_txt:balog in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        1.6809913 = score(doc=3087,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.67987216 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.1450413 = boost
            9.890043 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=43556)
            0.060035463 = queryNorm
          2.4725108 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            9.890043 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=43556)
            0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
    0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  4. Hofmann, U.: Kritische Erfolgsfaktoren führender US-Bibliotheken (1992) 0.93 
    0.9330838 = sum of:
  0.9330838 = product of:
    2.7992513 = sum of:
      2.7992513 = weight(author_txt:hofmann in 3974) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        2.7992513 = score(doc=3974,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.5185431 = queryWeight, product of:
            8.63728 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=43556)
            0.060035463 = queryNorm
          5.3983 = fieldWeight in 3974, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            8.63728 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=43556)
            0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3974)
    0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  5. Hofmann, U.: Bibliothek und Buchhandel im Verbund : Kosten und Nutzen integrierter Informationsverarbeitung (1993) 0.93 
    0.9330838 = sum of:
  0.9330838 = product of:
    2.7992513 = sum of:
      2.7992513 = weight(author_txt:hofmann in 4499) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        2.7992513 = score(doc=4499,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.5185431 = queryWeight, product of:
            8.63728 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=43556)
            0.060035463 = queryNorm
          5.3983 = fieldWeight in 4499, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            8.63728 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=43556)
            0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4499)
    0.33333334 = coord(1/3)

Similar documents (content)

  1. Berendsen, R.; Rijke, M. de; Balog, K.; Bogers, T.; Bosch, A. van den: On the assessment of expertise profiles (2013) 0.55 
    0.5467869 = sum of:
  0.5467869 = product of:
    1.1391394 = sum of:
      0.010523242 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.010523242 = score(doc=3087,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.052581638 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0352708 = boost
            3.2021039 = idf(docFreq=4815, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.20013149 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            3.2021039 = idf(docFreq=4815, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
      0.0067468276 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.0067468276 = score(doc=3087,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.043030895 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0814252 = boost
            2.508645 = idf(docFreq=9634, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.15679032 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            2.508645 = idf(docFreq=9634, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
      0.040333528 = weight(abstract_txt:algorithms in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.040333528 = score(doc=3087,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.112498865 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2364181 = boost
            5.736382 = idf(docFreq=381, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.35852388 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.736382 = idf(docFreq=381, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
      0.01732095 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.01732095 = score(doc=3087,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.0581798 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.5400614 = boost
            2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.29771414 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
      0.050902393 = weight(abstract_txt:task in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.050902393 = score(doc=3087,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.1655285 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.1210098 = boost
            4.92023 = idf(docFreq=863, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.30751437 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.92023 = idf(docFreq=863, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
      0.0380035 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.0380035 = score(doc=3087,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.12377041 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.2462616 = boost
            3.4738557 = idf(docFreq=3669, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.30704835 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.4738557 = idf(docFreq=3669, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
      0.20414522 = weight(abstract_txt:experts in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.20414522 = score(doc=3087,freq=5.0), product of:
          0.2443525 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.5770016 = boost
            5.97802 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.83545375 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
            2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
              5.0 = termFreq=5.0
            5.97802 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
      0.17101444 = weight(abstract_txt:expertise in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.17101444 = score(doc=3087,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.317465 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.284046 = boost
            6.094554 = idf(docFreq=266, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.5386875 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            6.094554 = idf(docFreq=266, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
      0.06297921 = weight(abstract_txt:content in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.06297921 = score(doc=3087,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.24035627 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.6145065 = boost
            4.1923904 = idf(docFreq=1788, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.2620244 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.1923904 = idf(docFreq=1788, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
      0.29638973 = weight(abstract_txt:expert in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.29638973 = score(doc=3087,freq=6.0), product of:
          0.3374966 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.7092545 = boost
            5.736382 = idf(docFreq=381, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.8782006 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
            2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
              6.0 = termFreq=6.0
            5.736382 = idf(docFreq=381, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
      0.122211955 = weight(abstract_txt:finding in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.122211955 = score(doc=3087,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.35765898 = queryWeight, product of:
            4.1243916 = boost
            5.4671946 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.34169966 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.4671946 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
      0.11856844 = weight(abstract_txt:factors in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.11856844 = score(doc=3087,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.38114268 = queryWeight, product of:
            4.8277116 = boost
            4.9773884 = idf(docFreq=815, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.31108677 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.9773884 = idf(docFreq=815, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
    0.48 = coord(12/25)
  2. Zhu, J.; Song, D.; Rüger, S.: Integrating multiple windows and document features for expert finding (2009) 0.37 
    0.36620072 = sum of:
  0.36620072 = product of:
    0.9155018 = sum of:
      0.010523242 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 4753) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.010523242 = score(doc=4753,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.052581638 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0352708 = boost
            3.2021039 = idf(docFreq=4815, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.20013149 = fieldWeight in 4753, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            3.2021039 = idf(docFreq=4815, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4753)
      0.011685847 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 4753) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.011685847 = score(doc=4753,freq=3.0), product of:
          0.043030895 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0814252 = boost
            2.508645 = idf(docFreq=9634, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.27156878 = fieldWeight in 4753, product of:
            1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
              3.0 = termFreq=3.0
            2.508645 = idf(docFreq=9634, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4753)
      0.01732095 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4753) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.01732095 = score(doc=4753,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.0581798 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.5400614 = boost
            2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.29771414 = fieldWeight in 4753, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4753)
      0.050902393 = weight(abstract_txt:task in 4753) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.050902393 = score(doc=4753,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.1655285 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.1210098 = boost
            4.92023 = idf(docFreq=863, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.30751437 = fieldWeight in 4753, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.92023 = idf(docFreq=863, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4753)
      0.026872534 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 4753) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.026872534 = score(doc=4753,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.12377041 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.2462616 = boost
            3.4738557 = idf(docFreq=3669, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.21711598 = fieldWeight in 4753, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            3.4738557 = idf(docFreq=3669, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4753)
      0.04900357 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 4753) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.04900357 = score(doc=4753,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.12251572 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.4139109 = boost
            3.1998224 = idf(docFreq=4826, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.3999778 = fieldWeight in 4753, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            3.1998224 = idf(docFreq=4826, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4753)
      0.12911277 = weight(abstract_txt:experts in 4753) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.12911277 = score(doc=4753,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.2443525 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.5770016 = boost
            5.97802 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.5283873 = fieldWeight in 4753, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            5.97802 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4753)
      0.07624065 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 4753) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.07624065 = score(doc=4753,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.26112658 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5241213 = boost
            4.6714907 = idf(docFreq=1107, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.29196817 = fieldWeight in 4753, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.6714907 = idf(docFreq=1107, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4753)
      0.27056557 = weight(abstract_txt:expert in 4753) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.27056557 = score(doc=4753,freq=5.0), product of:
          0.3374966 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.7092545 = boost
            5.736382 = idf(docFreq=381, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.8016838 = fieldWeight in 4753, product of:
            2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
              5.0 = termFreq=5.0
            5.736382 = idf(docFreq=381, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4753)
      0.27327424 = weight(abstract_txt:finding in 4753) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.27327424 = score(doc=4753,freq=5.0), product of:
          0.35765898 = queryWeight, product of:
            4.1243916 = boost
            5.4671946 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.76406366 = fieldWeight in 4753, product of:
            2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
              5.0 = termFreq=5.0
            5.4671946 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4753)
    0.4 = coord(10/25)
  3. Aula, A.; Nordhausen, K.: Modeling successful performance in Web searching (2006) 0.30 
    0.297013 = sum of:
  0.297013 = product of:
    0.7425325 = sum of:
      0.010523242 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 1115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.010523242 = score(doc=1115,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.052581638 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0352708 = boost
            3.2021039 = idf(docFreq=4815, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.20013149 = fieldWeight in 1115, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            3.2021039 = idf(docFreq=4815, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1115)
      0.0067468276 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 1115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.0067468276 = score(doc=1115,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.043030895 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0814252 = boost
            2.508645 = idf(docFreq=9634, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.15679032 = fieldWeight in 1115, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            2.508645 = idf(docFreq=9634, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1115)
      0.008660475 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.008660475 = score(doc=1115,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.0581798 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.5400614 = boost
            2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.14885707 = fieldWeight in 1115, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1115)
      0.071986854 = weight(abstract_txt:task in 1115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.071986854 = score(doc=1115,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.1655285 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.1210098 = boost
            4.92023 = idf(docFreq=863, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.434891 = fieldWeight in 1115, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            4.92023 = idf(docFreq=863, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1115)
      0.024501786 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 1115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.024501786 = score(doc=1115,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.12251572 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.4139109 = boost
            3.1998224 = idf(docFreq=4826, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.1999889 = fieldWeight in 1115, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            3.1998224 = idf(docFreq=4826, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1115)
      0.12911277 = weight(abstract_txt:experts in 1115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.12911277 = score(doc=1115,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.2443525 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.5770016 = boost
            5.97802 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.5283873 = fieldWeight in 1115, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            5.97802 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1115)
      0.12092548 = weight(abstract_txt:expertise in 1115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.12092548 = score(doc=1115,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.317465 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.284046 = boost
            6.094554 = idf(docFreq=266, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.38090962 = fieldWeight in 1115, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.094554 = idf(docFreq=266, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1115)
      0.07624065 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 1115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.07624065 = score(doc=1115,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.26112658 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5241213 = boost
            4.6714907 = idf(docFreq=1107, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.29196817 = fieldWeight in 1115, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.6714907 = idf(docFreq=1107, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1115)
      0.121000595 = weight(abstract_txt:expert in 1115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.121000595 = score(doc=1115,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.3374966 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.7092545 = boost
            5.736382 = idf(docFreq=381, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.35852388 = fieldWeight in 1115, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.736382 = idf(docFreq=381, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1115)
      0.1728338 = weight(abstract_txt:finding in 1115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.1728338 = score(doc=1115,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.35765898 = queryWeight, product of:
            4.1243916 = boost
            5.4671946 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.48323628 = fieldWeight in 1115, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            5.4671946 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1115)
    0.4 = coord(10/25)
  4. Balog, K.; Azzopardi, L.; Rijke, M. de: ¬A language modeling framework for expert finding (2009) 0.27 
    0.27314353 = sum of:
  0.27314353 = product of:
    0.758732 = sum of:
      0.021338807 = weight(abstract_txt:environment in 4445) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.021338807 = score(doc=4445,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.073589765 = queryWeight, product of:
            4.6395164 = idf(docFreq=1143, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.28996977 = fieldWeight in 4445, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.6395164 = idf(docFreq=1143, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4445)
      0.010523242 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 4445) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.010523242 = score(doc=4445,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.052581638 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0352708 = boost
            3.2021039 = idf(docFreq=4815, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.20013149 = fieldWeight in 4445, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            3.2021039 = idf(docFreq=4815, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4445)
      0.021213744 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4445) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.021213744 = score(doc=4445,freq=6.0), product of:
          0.0581798 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.5400614 = boost
            2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.36462387 = fieldWeight in 4445, product of:
            2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
              6.0 = termFreq=6.0
            2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4445)
      0.026872534 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 4445) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.026872534 = score(doc=4445,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.12377041 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.2462616 = boost
            3.4738557 = idf(docFreq=3669, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.21711598 = fieldWeight in 4445, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            3.4738557 = idf(docFreq=3669, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4445)
      0.18259303 = weight(abstract_txt:experts in 4445) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.18259303 = score(doc=4445,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.2443525 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.5770016 = boost
            5.97802 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.7472525 = fieldWeight in 4445, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            5.97802 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4445)
      0.12092548 = weight(abstract_txt:expertise in 4445) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.12092548 = score(doc=4445,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.317465 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.284046 = boost
            6.094554 = idf(docFreq=266, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.38090962 = fieldWeight in 4445, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.094554 = idf(docFreq=266, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4445)
      0.13205267 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 4445) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.13205267 = score(doc=4445,freq=3.0), product of:
          0.26112658 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5241213 = boost
            4.6714907 = idf(docFreq=1107, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.5057037 = fieldWeight in 4445, product of:
            1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
              3.0 = termFreq=3.0
            4.6714907 = idf(docFreq=1107, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4445)
      0.121000595 = weight(abstract_txt:expert in 4445) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.121000595 = score(doc=4445,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.3374966 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.7092545 = boost
            5.736382 = idf(docFreq=381, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.35852388 = fieldWeight in 4445, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.736382 = idf(docFreq=381, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4445)
      0.122211955 = weight(abstract_txt:finding in 4445) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.122211955 = score(doc=4445,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.35765898 = queryWeight, product of:
            4.1243916 = boost
            5.4671946 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.34169966 = fieldWeight in 4445, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.4671946 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4445)
    0.36 = coord(9/25)
  5. Cleverley, P.H.; Burnett, S.; Muir, L.: Exploratory information searching in the enterprise : a study of user satisfaction and task performance (2017) 0.26 
    0.26300615 = sum of:
  0.26300615 = product of:
    0.8218942 = sum of:
      0.025797829 = weight(abstract_txt:identified in 317) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.025797829 = score(doc=317,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.08351403 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0652977 = boost
            4.9424663 = idf(docFreq=844, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.30890414 = fieldWeight in 317, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.9424663 = idf(docFreq=844, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=317)
      0.013493655 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 317) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.013493655 = score(doc=317,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.043030895 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0814252 = boost
            2.508645 = idf(docFreq=9634, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.31358063 = fieldWeight in 317, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            2.508645 = idf(docFreq=9634, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=317)
      0.012247761 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 317) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.012247761 = score(doc=317,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.0581798 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.5400614 = boost
            2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.2105157 = fieldWeight in 317, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=317)
      0.1246849 = weight(abstract_txt:task in 317) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.1246849 = score(doc=317,freq=6.0), product of:
          0.1655285 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.1210098 = boost
            4.92023 = idf(docFreq=863, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.75325334 = fieldWeight in 317, product of:
            2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
              6.0 = termFreq=6.0
            4.92023 = idf(docFreq=863, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=317)
      0.24185096 = weight(abstract_txt:expertise in 317) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.24185096 = score(doc=317,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.317465 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.284046 = boost
            6.094554 = idf(docFreq=266, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.76181924 = fieldWeight in 317, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            6.094554 = idf(docFreq=266, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=317)
      0.07624065 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 317) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.07624065 = score(doc=317,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.26112658 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5241213 = boost
            4.6714907 = idf(docFreq=1107, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.29196817 = fieldWeight in 317, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.6714907 = idf(docFreq=1107, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=317)
      0.122211955 = weight(abstract_txt:finding in 317) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.122211955 = score(doc=317,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.35765898 = queryWeight, product of:
            4.1243916 = boost
            5.4671946 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.34169966 = fieldWeight in 317, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.4671946 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=317)
      0.20536655 = weight(abstract_txt:factors in 317) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.20536655 = score(doc=317,freq=3.0), product of:
          0.38114268 = queryWeight, product of:
            4.8277116 = boost
            4.9773884 = idf(docFreq=815, maxDocs=43556)
            0.015861517 = queryNorm
          0.53881806 = fieldWeight in 317, product of:
            1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
              3.0 = termFreq=3.0
            4.9773884 = idf(docFreq=815, maxDocs=43556)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=317)
    0.32 = coord(8/25)