Document (#37995)

Author

Razum, M.
Schwichtenberg, F.

Title

Metadatenkonzept für dynamische Daten : BW-eLabs Report

Issue

Finale Version: 18.1.2012.

Source

http://www.bw-elabs.org/pdf/Metadatenkonzept_fuer_dynamische_Daten.pdf

Imprint

Karlsruhe

Year

2012

Abstract

1.1. Dynamische Daten - Unter "dynamischen Daten" verstehen wir im Projekt BW-eLabs die im Rahmen von (virtuellen bzw. remote durchgeführten) Experimenten anfallenden Forschungsdaten, meist in Form von Messwerten. Im Falle des FMF (Freiburger Materialforschungsinstitut) sind dies überwiegend Spektren, im Falle des ITO (Institut für technische Optik an der Universität Stuttgart) Hologramme. Ein wichtiger Aspekt von Forschungsdaten, und damit auch für die dynamischen Daten, ist die Verknüpfung der Messwerte mit Kalibrierungs- und Konfigurationsdaten. Erst in der Gesamtbeschau lassen sich dynamische Daten so sinnvoll interpretieren. Weiterhin - und das ist eben der dynamische Gesichtspunkt bei dieser Art von Daten - verändert sich im Verlauf des wissenschaftlichen Arbeitsprozesses die Sicht auf die Daten. Die Rohdaten, die das System direkt im Labor am Gerät erfasst, lassen sich in folgenden Analyseschritten visualisieren und/oder aggregieren. Diese Schritte erzeugen neue Versionen der Daten bzw. abgeleitete Datenobjekte, die wiederum mit den Ausgangsdaten verknüpft werden. Ein Ziel von BW-eLabs ist es, diese dynamischen Daten nicht nur den Forschern innerhalb eines Projekts (also z.B. dem lokal arbeitenden Wissenschaftler und seiner entfernt arbeitenden Kollegin) verfügbar zu machen, sondern ausgewählte Datenobjekte mit einem Persistent Identifier zu versehen, um diese anschließend publizieren und damit zitierbar machen zu können.
1.2. Metadaten - Metadaten sind ein entscheidender Faktor für die Archivierung, Publikation und Nachnutzung von Forschungsdaten. Nur hinreichend beschriebene Daten können durch Wissenschaftler verstanden und korrekt eingeordnet werden. Erst derartig beschriebene Daten lassen sich sinnvoll veröffentlichen und zitieren. Zusätzlich erlauben geeignete Metadaten das Browsen und Suchen in den Forschungsdaten. Deshalb ist die Definition und Verwendung geeigneter Metadaten-Modelle, die die Daten auf dem richtigen Level beschreiben, von außerordentlicher Bedeutung. Allerdings sind Metadaten, gerade im Bereich von Forschungsdaten, außerordentlich fach- und anwendungsspezifisch. Es gibt bisher nur wenige übergreifende Standards auf diesem Gebiet. Auch die in BW-eLabs vertretenen Disziplinen Materialwissenschaften und Technische Optik bauen auf sehr unterschiedlichen fachlichen Metadatenprofilen auf. Beide verwenden aber ein sehr vergleichbares Vorgehen bei der Beschreibung der kontextuellen Information, also dem Umfeld, in dem Versuchsdaten im Labor entstehen. Dieser Report beschreibt ein für das Projekt BW-eLabs geeignetes Metadaten-Modell für diese kontextuellen Informationen.
1.3. Beziehung zur Beschreibung statischer Daten - Neben dynamischen Daten arbeitet das Projekt BW-eLabs auch mit sogenannten "statischen Daten", unter denen vor allem Publikationen zu verstehen sind. Auch hierfür sind Metadaten vorzusehen. Das dafür notwendige Konzept beschreibt ein eigener Report. Publikationen enthalten heute vielfach bereits Verweise auf Datenobjekte bzw. Messwerte. Momentan oftmals noch als sogenannte "supporting information" von Verlagen an die Publikation angehängt, ist es ein Ziel von BW-eLabs (und anderen Projekten), die dabei auftretenden Beschränkungen hinsichtlich Umfang und Nachnutzbarkeit zu umgehen und die Daten nur noch über Verweise (z.B. anhand von Persistent Identifiern) aus der Publikation heraus zu verknüpfen. Damit werden die Datenobjekte eigenständige Entitäten, die einen eigenen Publikationsverlauf nehmen.

Theme

Metadaten

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5. Brehm, E.; Neumann, J.: Anforderungen an Open-Access-Publikation von Forschungsdaten : Empfehlungen für einen offenen Umgang mit Forschungsdaten (2018) 0.23

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