-
Multilingual information management : current levels and future abilities. A report Commissioned by the US National Science Foundation and also delivered to the European Commission's Language Engineering Office and the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, April 1999 (1999)
0.45
0.454611 = sum of:
0.454611 = product of:
0.909222 = sum of:
0.013785981 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.013785981 = score(doc=6068,freq=2.0), product of:
0.056224946 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0034305 = boost
3.170338 = idf(docFreq=5046, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.2451933 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.170338 = idf(docFreq=5046, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
0.017183105 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.017183105 = score(doc=6068,freq=2.0), product of:
0.065118596 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0798794 = boost
3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.263874 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
0.02152446 = weight(abstract_txt:some in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02152446 = score(doc=6068,freq=2.0), product of:
0.075670294 = queryWeight, product of:
1.164087 = boost
3.6779325 = idf(docFreq=3037, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.2844506 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.6779325 = idf(docFreq=3037, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
0.02181374 = weight(abstract_txt:methods in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02181374 = score(doc=6068,freq=1.0), product of:
0.0961909 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3124712 = boost
4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.2267755 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
0.027728332 = weight(abstract_txt:field in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.027728332 = score(doc=6068,freq=1.0), product of:
0.11287465 = queryWeight, product of:
1.4217426 = boost
4.491995 = idf(docFreq=1345, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.24565597 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.491995 = idf(docFreq=1345, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
0.03037157 = weight(abstract_txt:performance in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03037157 = score(doc=6068,freq=1.0), product of:
0.11993854 = queryWeight, product of:
1.4655551 = boost
4.63042 = idf(docFreq=1171, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.2532261 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.63042 = idf(docFreq=1171, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
0.089985624 = weight(abstract_txt:machine in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.089985624 = score(doc=6068,freq=4.0), product of:
0.15586288 = queryWeight, product of:
1.6706831 = boost
5.2785225 = idf(docFreq=612, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.5773384 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
5.2785225 = idf(docFreq=612, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
0.048214577 = weight(abstract_txt:points in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.048214577 = score(doc=6068,freq=1.0), product of:
0.16321729 = queryWeight, product of:
1.7096447 = boost
5.4016213 = idf(docFreq=541, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.29540116 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
5.4016213 = idf(docFreq=541, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
0.052193023 = weight(abstract_txt:statistical in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.052193023 = score(doc=6068,freq=1.0), product of:
0.17207676 = queryWeight, product of:
1.7554314 = boost
5.5462847 = idf(docFreq=468, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.30331245 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
5.5462847 = idf(docFreq=468, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
0.24302481 = weight(abstract_txt:recognition in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.24302481 = score(doc=6068,freq=3.0), product of:
0.41916394 = queryWeight, product of:
3.8746254 = boost
6.1209383 = idf(docFreq=263, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.57978463 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
3.0 = termFreq=3.0
6.1209383 = idf(docFreq=263, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
0.3433968 = weight(abstract_txt:speech in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.3433968 = score(doc=6068,freq=3.0), product of:
0.52781415 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3478875 = boost
6.8685737 = idf(docFreq=124, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.65060174 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
3.0 = termFreq=3.0
6.8685737 = idf(docFreq=124, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
0.5 = coord(11/22)
-
Brill, E.: ¬An overview of empirical natural language processing (1997)
0.43
0.42588806 = sum of:
0.42588806 = product of:
1.1711922 = sum of:
0.022281509 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 3249) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.022281509 = score(doc=3249,freq=1.0), product of:
0.056224946 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0034305 = boost
3.170338 = idf(docFreq=5046, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.39629224 = fieldWeight in 3249, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
3.170338 = idf(docFreq=5046, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3249)
0.027772091 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 3249) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.027772091 = score(doc=3249,freq=1.0), product of:
0.065118596 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0798794 = boost
3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.4264848 = fieldWeight in 3249, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3249)
0.07051265 = weight(abstract_txt:methods in 3249) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07051265 = score(doc=3249,freq=2.0), product of:
0.0961909 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3124712 = boost
4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.7330491 = fieldWeight in 3249, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3249)
0.07498048 = weight(abstract_txt:learning in 3249) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07498048 = score(doc=3249,freq=1.0), product of:
0.12625971 = queryWeight, product of:
1.503679 = boost
4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.59385914 = fieldWeight in 3249, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3249)
0.09892879 = weight(abstract_txt:empirical in 3249) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09892879 = score(doc=3249,freq=1.0), product of:
0.15188484 = queryWeight, product of:
1.6492252 = boost
5.2107263 = idf(docFreq=655, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.6513408 = fieldWeight in 3249, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
5.2107263 = idf(docFreq=655, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3249)
0.102840714 = weight(abstract_txt:machine in 3249) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.102840714 = score(doc=3249,freq=1.0), product of:
0.15586288 = queryWeight, product of:
1.6706831 = boost
5.2785225 = idf(docFreq=612, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.6598153 = fieldWeight in 3249, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
5.2785225 = idf(docFreq=612, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3249)
0.3207096 = weight(abstract_txt:recognition in 3249) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.3207096 = score(doc=3249,freq=1.0), product of:
0.41916394 = queryWeight, product of:
3.8746254 = boost
6.1209383 = idf(docFreq=263, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.7651173 = fieldWeight in 3249, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
6.1209383 = idf(docFreq=263, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3249)
0.4531663 = weight(abstract_txt:speech in 3249) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.4531663 = score(doc=3249,freq=1.0), product of:
0.52781415 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3478875 = boost
6.8685737 = idf(docFreq=124, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.8585717 = fieldWeight in 3249, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
6.8685737 = idf(docFreq=124, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3249)
0.36363637 = coord(8/22)
-
Jurafsky, D.; Martin, J.H.: Speech and language processing : ani ntroduction to natural language processing, computational linguistics and speech recognition (2009)
0.31
0.31397623 = sum of:
0.31397623 = product of:
0.9867825 = sum of:
0.017357556 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 1081) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.017357556 = score(doc=1081,freq=1.0), product of:
0.065118596 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0798794 = boost
3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.26655298 = fieldWeight in 1081, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1081)
0.046862803 = weight(abstract_txt:learning in 1081) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.046862803 = score(doc=1081,freq=1.0), product of:
0.12625971 = queryWeight, product of:
1.503679 = boost
4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.37116197 = fieldWeight in 1081, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1081)
0.06183049 = weight(abstract_txt:empirical in 1081) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.06183049 = score(doc=1081,freq=1.0), product of:
0.15188484 = queryWeight, product of:
1.6492252 = boost
5.2107263 = idf(docFreq=655, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.40708798 = fieldWeight in 1081, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
5.2107263 = idf(docFreq=655, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1081)
0.06427545 = weight(abstract_txt:machine in 1081) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.06427545 = score(doc=1081,freq=1.0), product of:
0.15586288 = queryWeight, product of:
1.6706831 = boost
5.2785225 = idf(docFreq=612, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.41238457 = fieldWeight in 1081, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
5.2785225 = idf(docFreq=612, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1081)
0.10544583 = weight(abstract_txt:statistical in 1081) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10544583 = score(doc=1081,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17207676 = queryWeight, product of:
1.7554314 = boost
5.5462847 = idf(docFreq=468, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.6127837 = fieldWeight in 1081, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.5462847 = idf(docFreq=468, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1081)
0.20044348 = weight(abstract_txt:recognition in 1081) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.20044348 = score(doc=1081,freq=1.0), product of:
0.41916394 = queryWeight, product of:
3.8746254 = boost
6.1209383 = idf(docFreq=263, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.4781983 = fieldWeight in 1081, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
6.1209383 = idf(docFreq=263, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1081)
0.49056688 = weight(abstract_txt:speech in 1081) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.49056688 = score(doc=1081,freq=3.0), product of:
0.52781415 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3478875 = boost
6.8685737 = idf(docFreq=124, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.9294311 = fieldWeight in 1081, product of:
1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
3.0 = termFreq=3.0
6.8685737 = idf(docFreq=124, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1081)
0.3181818 = coord(7/22)
-
Lange, H.R.: Speech synthesis and speech recognition : tomorrow's human-computer interface? (1993)
0.29
0.29214954 = sum of:
0.29214954 = product of:
1.6068225 = sum of:
0.019496322 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 7224) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.019496322 = score(doc=7224,freq=1.0), product of:
0.056224946 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0034305 = boost
3.170338 = idf(docFreq=5046, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.3467557 = fieldWeight in 7224, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
3.170338 = idf(docFreq=5046, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7224)
0.06893901 = weight(abstract_txt:state in 7224) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.06893901 = score(doc=7224,freq=1.0), product of:
0.13049804 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5287087 = boost
4.829954 = idf(docFreq=959, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.5282762 = fieldWeight in 7224, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.829954 = idf(docFreq=959, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7224)
0.39685786 = weight(abstract_txt:recognition in 7224) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.39685786 = score(doc=7224,freq=2.0), product of:
0.41916394 = queryWeight, product of:
3.8746254 = boost
6.1209383 = idf(docFreq=263, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.9467843 = fieldWeight in 7224, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
6.1209383 = idf(docFreq=263, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7224)
1.1215293 = weight(abstract_txt:speech in 7224) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
1.1215293 = score(doc=7224,freq=8.0), product of:
0.52781415 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3478875 = boost
6.8685737 = idf(docFreq=124, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
2.1248565 = fieldWeight in 7224, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
6.8685737 = idf(docFreq=124, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7224)
0.18181819 = coord(4/22)
-
Liu, X.; Croft, W.B.: Statistical language modeling for information retrieval (2004)
0.27
0.27377006 = sum of:
0.27377006 = product of:
0.75286764 = sum of:
0.009648522 = weight(abstract_txt:their in 4277) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009648522 = score(doc=4277,freq=1.0), product of:
0.055841167 = queryWeight, product of:
3.1594994 = idf(docFreq=5101, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.17278512 = fieldWeight in 4277, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
3.1594994 = idf(docFreq=5101, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4277)
0.013785981 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 4277) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.013785981 = score(doc=4277,freq=2.0), product of:
0.056224946 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0034305 = boost
3.170338 = idf(docFreq=5046, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.2451933 = fieldWeight in 4277, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.170338 = idf(docFreq=5046, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4277)
0.03037157 = weight(abstract_txt:performance in 4277) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03037157 = score(doc=4277,freq=1.0), product of:
0.11993854 = queryWeight, product of:
1.4655551 = boost
4.63042 = idf(docFreq=1171, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.2532261 = fieldWeight in 4277, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.63042 = idf(docFreq=1171, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4277)
0.037167702 = weight(abstract_txt:reviews in 4277) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.037167702 = score(doc=4277,freq=1.0), product of:
0.1372222 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5675989 = boost
4.952828 = idf(docFreq=848, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.27085778 = fieldWeight in 4277, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.952828 = idf(docFreq=848, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4277)
0.044992812 = weight(abstract_txt:machine in 4277) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.044992812 = score(doc=4277,freq=1.0), product of:
0.15586288 = queryWeight, product of:
1.6706831 = boost
5.2785225 = idf(docFreq=612, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.2886692 = fieldWeight in 4277, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
5.2785225 = idf(docFreq=612, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4277)
0.13808976 = weight(abstract_txt:statistical in 4277) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.13808976 = score(doc=4277,freq=7.0), product of:
0.17207676 = queryWeight, product of:
1.7554314 = boost
5.5462847 = idf(docFreq=468, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.8024893 = fieldWeight in 4277, product of:
2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
7.0 = termFreq=7.0
5.5462847 = idf(docFreq=468, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4277)
0.19842893 = weight(abstract_txt:recognition in 4277) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.19842893 = score(doc=4277,freq=2.0), product of:
0.41916394 = queryWeight, product of:
3.8746254 = boost
6.1209383 = idf(docFreq=263, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.47339216 = fieldWeight in 4277, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
6.1209383 = idf(docFreq=263, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4277)
0.28038234 = weight(abstract_txt:speech in 4277) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.28038234 = score(doc=4277,freq=2.0), product of:
0.52781415 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3478875 = boost
6.8685737 = idf(docFreq=124, maxDocs=44218)
0.017674055 = queryNorm
0.5312141 = fieldWeight in 4277, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
6.8685737 = idf(docFreq=124, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4277)
0.36363637 = coord(8/22)
