Document (#41526)

Author
Pearl, J.
Harnett, K.
Title
¬Die Zukunft der KI
Source
Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2018, H.11, S.72-76
Year
2018
Series
Interview
Abstract
Judea Pearl ist ein Pionier im Bereich der künstlichen Intelligenz. Der Informatiker glaubt, dass sein viel beachtetes Forschungsgebiet in Wirklichkeit in der Klemme steckt: Es habe sich seit Jahrzehnten kaum weiterentwickelt. Der Ausweg besteht ihm zufolge darin, den Systemen beizubringen, nach dem Warum zu fragen.
Content
Interessante Fragen und Antworten: Denken Sie, dass es in Zukunft Roboter mit einem freien Willen geben wird? Auf jeden Fall. Wir müssen verstehen, wie man sie programmiert und was wir davon haben könnten. Das Gefühl eines freien Willens scheint ja evolutionär wünschenswert zu sein. Inwiefern? Menschen haben das Gefühl eines freien Willens; die Evolution hat uns damit ausgestattet. Offensichtlich erfüllt es einen gewissen Zweck, der sich rechnet. Woran werden wir merken, dass Roboter einen freien Willen haben? Sobald sie anfangen, kontraproduktiv miteinander zu kommunizieren, etwa durch Aussagen wie »Du hättest es besser machen sollen«. Wenn eine Fußballmannschaft aus Robotern beginnt, so zu kommunizieren, dann haben sie ein Gefühl des freien Willens. »Du hättest es tun sollen« bedeutet, dass das Gegenüber frei entscheiden konnte. Die ersten Anzeichen werden also in der Kommunikation zu finden sein, die nächsten in besserem Fußball. Woher werden wir also wissen, ob eine Maschine in der Lage ist, böse zu sein? Wenn wir bemerken, dass ein Roboter einige Softwarekomponenten konsequent ignoriert, während er andere befolgt. Dann ist auch ein Roboter zu Bösem fähig.
Field
Informatik

Similar documents (content)

  1. Untiet-Kepp, S.-J.: der Stand der Forschung : Adaptive Unterstützung für das computergestützte kollaborative Lernen (2010) 0.12 
    0.12047219 = sum of:
  0.12047219 = product of:
    0.60236096 = sum of:
      0.04479843 = weight(abstract_txt:bereich in 4017) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.04479843 = score(doc=4017,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.10482325 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0970621 = boost
            5.4703507 = idf(docFreq=505, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.42737114 = fieldWeight in 4017, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.4703507 = idf(docFreq=505, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4017)
      0.07152371 = weight(abstract_txt:systemen in 4017) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.07152371 = score(doc=4017,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.14319101 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2822133 = boost
            6.3935823 = idf(docFreq=200, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.4994986 = fieldWeight in 4017, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.3935823 = idf(docFreq=200, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4017)
      0.07185985 = weight(abstract_txt:intelligenz in 4017) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.07185985 = score(doc=4017,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.1436393 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2842189 = boost
            6.4035826 = idf(docFreq=198, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.5002799 = fieldWeight in 4017, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.4035826 = idf(docFreq=198, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4017)
      0.102978796 = weight(abstract_txt:künstlichen in 4017) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.102978796 = score(doc=4017,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.18257765 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.4478588 = boost
            7.2195506 = idf(docFreq=87, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.56402737 = fieldWeight in 4017, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            7.2195506 = idf(docFreq=87, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4017)
      0.3112002 = weight(abstract_txt:forschungsgebiet in 4017) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.3112002 = score(doc=4017,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.3028998 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.8648844 = boost
            9.298992 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          1.0274031 = fieldWeight in 4017, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            9.298992 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4017)
    0.2 = coord(5/25)
  2. Neubauer, R.: Meine Glotze, deine Glotze : Google sichert sich die Internet-Videoplattform You Tube für 1,65 Milliarden Dollar / 72 Millionen Nutzer lassen die Werbeeinnahmen explodieren (2006) 0.10 
    0.09887362 = sum of:
  0.09887362 = product of:
    0.3531201 = sum of:
      0.033928856 = weight(abstract_txt:sein in 6057) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.033928856 = score(doc=6057,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.087095395 = queryWeight, product of:
            4.986364 = idf(docFreq=820, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.3895597 = fieldWeight in 6057, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            4.986364 = idf(docFreq=820, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=6057)
      0.03313525 = weight(abstract_txt:viel in 6057) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.03313525 = score(doc=6057,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.13609095 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2500201 = boost
            6.2330556 = idf(docFreq=235, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.24347873 = fieldWeight in 6057, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.2330556 = idf(docFreq=235, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=6057)
      0.036625028 = weight(abstract_txt:darin in 6057) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.036625028 = score(doc=6057,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.14548595 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2924476 = boost
            6.444614 = idf(docFreq=190, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.25174272 = fieldWeight in 6057, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.444614 = idf(docFreq=190, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=6057)
      0.039616115 = weight(abstract_txt:warum in 6057) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.039616115 = score(doc=6057,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.15330288 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.3267148 = boost
            6.615483 = idf(docFreq=160, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.2584173 = fieldWeight in 6057, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.615483 = idf(docFreq=160, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=6057)
      0.051489398 = weight(abstract_txt:habe in 6057) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.051489398 = score(doc=6057,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.18257765 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.4478588 = boost
            7.2195506 = idf(docFreq=87, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.28201368 = fieldWeight in 6057, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            7.2195506 = idf(docFreq=87, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=6057)
      0.07719423 = weight(abstract_txt:steckt in 6057) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.07719423 = score(doc=6057,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.23916206 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.6570994 = boost
            8.2629 = idf(docFreq=30, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.32276955 = fieldWeight in 6057, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            8.2629 = idf(docFreq=30, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=6057)
      0.08113123 = weight(abstract_txt:zufolge in 6057) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.08113123 = score(doc=6057,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.24722616 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.6848049 = boost
            8.401051 = idf(docFreq=26, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.32816604 = fieldWeight in 6057, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            8.401051 = idf(docFreq=26, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=6057)
    0.28 = coord(7/25)
  3. Hutson, M.: Getrennt marschieren, vereint schlagen (2020) 0.10 
    0.09671528 = sum of:
  0.09671528 = product of:
    0.6044705 = sum of:
      0.07167749 = weight(abstract_txt:bereich in 5795) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.07167749 = score(doc=5795,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.10482325 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.0970621 = boost
            5.4703507 = idf(docFreq=505, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.68379384 = fieldWeight in 5795, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.4703507 = idf(docFreq=505, maxDocs=44218)
            0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5795)
      0.114975765 = weight(abstract_txt:intelligenz in 5795) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.114975765 = score(doc=5795,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.1436393 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2842189 = boost
            6.4035826 = idf(docFreq=198, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.8004478 = fieldWeight in 5795, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.4035826 = idf(docFreq=198, maxDocs=44218)
            0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5795)
      0.16476607 = weight(abstract_txt:künstlichen in 5795) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.16476607 = score(doc=5795,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.18257765 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.4478588 = boost
            7.2195506 = idf(docFreq=87, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.9024438 = fieldWeight in 5795, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            7.2195506 = idf(docFreq=87, maxDocs=44218)
            0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5795)
      0.2530512 = weight(abstract_txt:informatiker in 5795) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.2530512 = score(doc=5795,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.24303827 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.670474 = boost
            8.329592 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          1.041199 = fieldWeight in 5795, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            8.329592 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44218)
            0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5795)
    0.16 = coord(4/25)
  4. Schachtner, C.: Geistmaschine : Faszination und Provokation am Computer (1993) 0.09 
    0.09460314 = sum of:
  0.09460314 = product of:
    0.7883595 = sum of:
      0.22887588 = weight(abstract_txt:systemen in 3445) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.22887588 = score(doc=3445,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.14319101 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2822133 = boost
            6.3935823 = idf(docFreq=200, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          1.5983956 = fieldWeight in 3445, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.3935823 = idf(docFreq=200, maxDocs=44218)
            0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=3445)
      0.22995153 = weight(abstract_txt:intelligenz in 3445) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.22995153 = score(doc=3445,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.1436393 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2842189 = boost
            6.4035826 = idf(docFreq=198, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          1.6008956 = fieldWeight in 3445, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.4035826 = idf(docFreq=198, maxDocs=44218)
            0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=3445)
      0.32953215 = weight(abstract_txt:künstlichen in 3445) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.32953215 = score(doc=3445,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.18257765 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.4478588 = boost
            7.2195506 = idf(docFreq=87, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          1.8048877 = fieldWeight in 3445, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            7.2195506 = idf(docFreq=87, maxDocs=44218)
            0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=3445)
    0.12 = coord(3/25)
  5. Jaenecke, P.: Erkenntnistheoretische Untersuchungen über fallbezogenes Schlußfolgern (1996) 0.09 
    0.093098424 = sum of:
  0.093098424 = product of:
    0.46549213 = sum of:
      0.033928856 = weight(abstract_txt:sein in 5204) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.033928856 = score(doc=5204,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.087095395 = queryWeight, product of:
            4.986364 = idf(docFreq=820, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.3895597 = fieldWeight in 5204, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            4.986364 = idf(docFreq=820, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5204)
      0.048320573 = weight(abstract_txt:fragen in 5204) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.048320573 = score(doc=5204,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.11024793 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.125091 = boost
            5.6101127 = idf(docFreq=439, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.43829006 = fieldWeight in 5204, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            5.6101127 = idf(docFreq=439, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5204)
      0.07185985 = weight(abstract_txt:intelligenz in 5204) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.07185985 = score(doc=5204,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.1436393 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.2842189 = boost
            6.4035826 = idf(docFreq=198, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.5002799 = fieldWeight in 5204, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            6.4035826 = idf(docFreq=198, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5204)
      0.102978796 = weight(abstract_txt:künstlichen in 5204) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.102978796 = score(doc=5204,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.18257765 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.4478588 = boost
            7.2195506 = idf(docFreq=87, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.56402737 = fieldWeight in 5204, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            7.2195506 = idf(docFreq=87, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5204)
      0.20840405 = weight(abstract_txt:ausweg in 5204) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.20840405 = score(doc=5204,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.29211453 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.8313822 = boost
            9.131938 = idf(docFreq=12, maxDocs=44218)
            0.017466715 = queryNorm
          0.71343267 = fieldWeight in 5204, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            9.131938 = idf(docFreq=12, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5204)
    0.2 = coord(5/25)