Document (#42422)

Author

Jackson, S.
Vanteeva, N.
Fearon, C.

Title

¬An investigation of the impact of data breach severity on the readability of mandatory data breach notification letters : evidence from U.S. firms

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 70(2019) no.11, S.1277-1289

Year

2019

Abstract

The aim of this article is to investigate the impact of data breach severity on the readability of mandatory data breach notification letters. Using a content analysis approach to determine data breach severity attributes (measured by the total number of breached records, type of data accessed, the source of the data breach, and how the data were used), in conjunction with readability measures (reading complexity, numerical intensity, length of letter, word size, and unique words), 512 data breach incidents from 281 U.S. firms across the 2012-2015 period were examined. The results indicate that data breach severity has a positive impact on reading complexity, length of letter, word size, and unique words, and a negative impact on numerical terms. Interpreting the results collectively through the lens of impression management, it can be inferred that business managers may be attempting to obfuscate bad news associated with high data breach severity incidents by manipulating syntactical features of the data breach notification letters in a way that makes the message difficult for individuals to comprehend. The study contributes to the information studies and impression management behavior literatures by analyzing linguistic cues in notifications following a data breach incident.

Content

Vgl.: https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.24188.

Similar documents (author)

1. Jackson, P.: ¬A thesaurus for enhanced geographic access (1991) 5.44

   5.438222 = sum of:
     5.438222 = weight(author_txt:jackson in 2298) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.438222 = fieldWeight in 2298, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2298)
   

2. Jackson, S.L.: Dziatzko, Karl (1984) 5.44

   5.438222 = sum of:
     5.438222 = weight(author_txt:jackson in 2685) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.438222 = fieldWeight in 2685, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2685)
   

3. Jackson, S.L.: Drtina, Jaroslav (1984) 5.44

   5.438222 = sum of:
     5.438222 = weight(author_txt:jackson in 5796) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.438222 = fieldWeight in 5796, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=5796)
   

4. Jackson, J.N.: Every-name indexing (1992) 5.44

   5.438222 = sum of:
     5.438222 = weight(author_txt:jackson in 6356) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.438222 = fieldWeight in 6356, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=6356)
   

5. Jackson, K.: Easy and rapid access to national bibliographies and catalogs with software from On-line Computer Systems (1990) 5.44

   5.438222 = sum of:
     5.438222 = weight(author_txt:jackson in 3598) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.438222 = fieldWeight in 3598, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3598)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Jiang, Z.; Gu, Q.; Yin, Y.; Wang, J.; Chen, D.: GRAW+ : a two-view graph propagation method with word coupling for readability assessment (2019) 0.09

   0.09084308 = sum of:
     0.09084308 = product of:
       0.4542154 = sum of:
         0.051481687 = weight(abstract_txt:words in 5218) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.051481687 = score(doc=5218,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.07693872 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2627978 = boost
               5.353007 = idf(docFreq=568, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.66912585 = fieldWeight in 5218, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.353007 = idf(docFreq=568, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5218)
         0.02694777 = weight(abstract_txt:word in 5218) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02694777 = score(doc=5218,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07932529 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2822337 = boost
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.33971223 = fieldWeight in 5218, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5218)
         0.05125701 = weight(abstract_txt:reading in 5218) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05125701 = score(doc=5218,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.096654475 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4153776 = boost
               5.9997935 = idf(docFreq=297, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.5303118 = fieldWeight in 5218, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.9997935 = idf(docFreq=297, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5218)
         0.28401947 = weight(abstract_txt:readability in 5218) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.28401947 = score(doc=5218,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.27498284 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9238815 = boost
               8.2629 = idf(docFreq=30, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             1.0328625 = fieldWeight in 5218, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               8.2629 = idf(docFreq=30, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5218)
         0.040509474 = weight(abstract_txt:data in 5218) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.040509474 = score(doc=5218,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19426979 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.115884 = boost
               3.3363478 = idf(docFreq=4274, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.20852174 = fieldWeight in 5218, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3363478 = idf(docFreq=4274, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5218)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

2. Mustafa, S.H.: Word-oriented approximate string matching using occurrence heuristic tables : a heuristic for searching Arabic text (2005) 0.08

   0.08172299 = sum of:
     0.08172299 = product of:
       0.5107687 = sum of:
         0.05573056 = weight(abstract_txt:words in 1715) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05573056 = score(doc=1715,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.07693872 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2627978 = boost
               5.353007 = idf(docFreq=568, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.72435 = fieldWeight in 1715, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.353007 = idf(docFreq=568, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1715)
         0.033684716 = weight(abstract_txt:word in 1715) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.033684716 = score(doc=1715,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07932529 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2822337 = boost
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.4246403 = fieldWeight in 1715, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1715)
         0.11975587 = weight(abstract_txt:letter in 1715) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11975587 = score(doc=1715,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18477972 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9569895 = boost
               8.29569 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.64810073 = fieldWeight in 1715, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.29569 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1715)
         0.30159757 = weight(abstract_txt:letters in 1715) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.30159757 = score(doc=1715,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.24665244 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7691705 = boost
               7.825686 = idf(docFreq=47, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             1.2227634 = fieldWeight in 1715, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               7.825686 = idf(docFreq=47, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1715)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

3. Manley, S.: Letters to the editor and the race for publication metrics (2022) 0.08

   0.07759349 = sum of:
     0.07759349 = product of:
       0.6466124 = sum of:
         0.16765822 = weight(abstract_txt:letter in 547) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16765822 = score(doc=547,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18477972 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9569895 = boost
               8.29569 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.90734106 = fieldWeight in 547, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.29569 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=547)
         0.056717616 = weight(abstract_txt:impact in 547) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.056717616 = score(doc=547,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11302982 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1645763 = boost
               4.5878253 = idf(docFreq=1222, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.5017934 = fieldWeight in 547, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5878253 = idf(docFreq=1222, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=547)
         0.4222366 = weight(abstract_txt:letters in 547) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.4222366 = score(doc=547,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.24665244 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7691705 = boost
               7.825686 = idf(docFreq=47, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             1.7118688 = fieldWeight in 547, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               7.825686 = idf(docFreq=47, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=547)
       0.12 = coord(3/25)
   

4. Del Bigio, G.: ¬The CDS/ISIS software : recent developments and results (1991) 0.07

   0.070297845 = sum of:
     0.070297845 = product of:
       0.35148922 = sum of:
         0.019201213 = weight(abstract_txt:management in 5040) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019201213 = score(doc=5040,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.04829343 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.000473 = boost
               4.2410107 = idf(docFreq=1729, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.39759475 = fieldWeight in 5040, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2410107 = idf(docFreq=1729, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5040)
         0.04396675 = weight(abstract_txt:unique in 5040) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04396675 = score(doc=5040,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.083898045 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3186735 = boost
               5.5898643 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.52404976 = fieldWeight in 5040, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5898643 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5040)
         0.09948024 = weight(abstract_txt:length in 5040) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09948024 = score(doc=5040,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11476694 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5423032 = boost
               6.537832 = idf(docFreq=173, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.8668022 = fieldWeight in 5040, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.537832 = idf(docFreq=173, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5040)
         0.12807679 = weight(abstract_txt:numerical in 5040) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12807679 = score(doc=5040,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17112595 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.883299 = boost
               7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.7484358 = fieldWeight in 5040, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5040)
         0.060764212 = weight(abstract_txt:data in 5040) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.060764212 = score(doc=5040,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19426979 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.115884 = boost
               3.3363478 = idf(docFreq=4274, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.31278262 = fieldWeight in 5040, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3363478 = idf(docFreq=4274, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5040)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

5. Lu, C.; Bu, Y.; Wang, J.; Ding, Y.; Torvik, V.; Schnaars, M.; Zhang, C.: Examining scientific writing styles from the perspective of linguistic complexity : a cross-level moderation model (2019) 0.06

   0.06251237 = sum of:
     0.06251237 = product of:
       0.31256184 = sum of:
         0.06581769 = weight(abstract_txt:syntactical in 5219) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06581769 = score(doc=5219,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09840296 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.009835 = boost
               8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.6688588 = fieldWeight in 5219, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5219)
         0.096975416 = weight(abstract_txt:complexity in 5219) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.096975416 = score(doc=5219,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.093880236 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3949172 = boost
               5.913062 = idf(docFreq=324, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             1.0329695 = fieldWeight in 5219, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               5.913062 = idf(docFreq=324, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5219)
         0.058619294 = weight(abstract_txt:length in 5219) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.058619294 = score(doc=5219,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11476694 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5423032 = boost
               6.537832 = idf(docFreq=173, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.5107681 = fieldWeight in 5219, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.537832 = idf(docFreq=173, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5219)
         0.040512584 = weight(abstract_txt:impact in 5219) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.040512584 = score(doc=5219,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11302982 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1645763 = boost
               4.5878253 = idf(docFreq=1222, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.35842386 = fieldWeight in 5219, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5878253 = idf(docFreq=1222, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5219)
         0.050636847 = weight(abstract_txt:data in 5219) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050636847 = score(doc=5219,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19426979 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.115884 = boost
               3.3363478 = idf(docFreq=4274, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011381862 = queryNorm
             0.26065218 = fieldWeight in 5219, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3363478 = idf(docFreq=4274, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5219)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)