Document (#43979)

Author

Ahmed, M.
Mukhopadhyay, M.
Mukhopadhyay, P.

Title

Automated knowledge organization : AI ML based subject indexing system for libraries

Source

DESIDOC journal of library and information technology. 43(2023) no.1, S.45-54

Year

2023

Abstract

The research study as reported here is an attempt to explore the possibilities of an AI/ML-based semi-automated indexing system in a library setup to handle large volumes of documents. It uses the Python virtual environment to install and configure an open source AI environment (named Annif) to feed the LOD (Linked Open Data) dataset of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) as a standard KOS (Knowledge Organisation System). The framework deployed the Turtle format of LCSH after cleaning the file with Skosify, applied an array of backend algorithms (namely TF-IDF, Omikuji, and NN-Ensemble) to measure relative performance, and selected Snowball as an analyser. The training of Annif was conducted with a large set of bibliographic records populated with subject descriptors (MARC tag 650$a) and indexed by trained LIS professionals. The training dataset is first treated with MarcEdit to export it in a format suitable for OpenRefine, and then in OpenRefine it undergoes many steps to produce a bibliographic record set suitable to train Annif. The framework, after training, has been tested with a bibliographic dataset to measure indexing efficiencies, and finally, the automated indexing framework is integrated with data wrangling software (OpenRefine) to produce suggested headings on a mass scale. The entire framework is based on open-source software, open datasets, and open standards.

Content

DOI: 10.14429/djlit.43.01.18619. Vgl.: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370209246_Automated_Knowledge_Organization_AI_ML_based_Subject_Indexing_System_for_Libraries.

Theme

Semantische Interoperabilität
Automatisches Klassifizieren

Object

LCSH
DDC

Similar documents (author)

1. Ahmed, S.S.: ¬A study of cataloging department Websites of the Arabian Gulf Libraries (2004/05) 6.09

   6.094361 = sum of:
     6.094361 = weight(author_txt:ahmed in 730) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       6.094361 = fieldWeight in 730, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.7509775 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=730)
   

2. Ahmed, M.: Automatic indexing for agriculture : designing a framework by deploying Agrovoc, Agris and Annif (2023) 6.09

   6.094361 = sum of:
     6.094361 = weight(author_txt:ahmed in 1024) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       6.094361 = fieldWeight in 1024, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.7509775 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1024)
   

3. Ahmed, F.; Nürnberger, A.: Evaluation of n-gram conflation approaches for Arabic text retrieval (2009) 4.88

   4.8754888 = sum of:
     4.8754888 = weight(author_txt:ahmed in 2941) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.8754888 = fieldWeight in 2941, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.7509775 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44218)
         0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=2941)
   

4. Ahmed, S.M.Z.; McKnight, C.; Oppenheim, C.: ¬A study of users' performance and satisfaction with the Web of Science IR interface : making sense of it all (2005) 3.66

   3.6566167 = sum of:
     3.6566167 = weight(author_txt:ahmed in 4656) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.6566167 = fieldWeight in 4656, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.7509775 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44218)
         0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=4656)
   

5. Rao, A.; Lu, A.; Meier, E.; Ahmed, S.; Pliske, D.: Query processing in TREC6 (2000) 3.05

   3.0471804 = sum of:
     3.0471804 = weight(author_txt:ahmed in 6420) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.0471804 = fieldWeight in 6420, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.7509775 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44218)
         0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=6420)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Ahmed, M.: Automatic indexing for agriculture : designing a framework by deploying Agrovoc, Agris and Annif (2023) 0.35

   0.35349166 = sum of:
     0.35349166 = product of:
       1.1046615 = sum of:
         0.030964501 = weight(abstract_txt:source in 1024) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030964501 = score(doc=1024,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.097148456 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1071976 = boost
               5.0997415 = idf(docFreq=732, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.31873384 = fieldWeight in 1024, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.0997415 = idf(docFreq=732, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1024)
         0.051159102 = weight(abstract_txt:subject in 1024) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.051159102 = score(doc=1024,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.085530646 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2723708 = boost
               3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.5981377 = fieldWeight in 1024, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1024)
         0.09357025 = weight(abstract_txt:training in 1024) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09357025 = score(doc=1024,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.14642957 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6648197 = boost
               5.112096 = idf(docFreq=723, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.639012 = fieldWeight in 1024, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.112096 = idf(docFreq=723, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1024)
         0.054338634 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 1024) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.054338634 = score(doc=1024,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.14134018 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8886654 = boost
               4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.38445285 = fieldWeight in 1024, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1024)
         0.04400908 = weight(abstract_txt:framework in 1024) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04400908 = score(doc=1024,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15472649 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9760801 = boost
               4.550903 = idf(docFreq=1268, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.28443143 = fieldWeight in 1024, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.550903 = idf(docFreq=1268, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1024)
         0.283821 = weight(abstract_txt:dataset in 1024) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.283821 = score(doc=1024,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.25461692 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.195313 = boost
               6.7410603 = idf(docFreq=141, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             1.114698 = fieldWeight in 1024, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               6.7410603 = idf(docFreq=141, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1024)
         0.06550987 = weight(abstract_txt:open in 1024) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06550987 = score(doc=1024,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2172923 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.618179 = boost
               4.8237233 = idf(docFreq=965, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.3014827 = fieldWeight in 1024, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.8237233 = idf(docFreq=965, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1024)
         0.4812891 = weight(abstract_txt:annif in 1024) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.4812891 = score(doc=1024,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.5497319 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.225732 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.8754978 = fieldWeight in 1024, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1024)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

2. Hahn, J.: Semi-automated methods for BIBFRAME work entity description (2021) 0.33

   0.3297437 = sum of:
     0.3297437 = product of:
       1.0304492 = sum of:
         0.04787639 = weight(abstract_txt:headings in 725) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04787639 = score(doc=725,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09913186 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1184429 = boost
               5.1515374 = idf(docFreq=695, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.48295665 = fieldWeight in 725, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1515374 = idf(docFreq=695, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=725)
         0.04430508 = weight(abstract_txt:subject in 725) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04430508 = score(doc=725,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.085530646 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2723708 = boost
               3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.5180024 = fieldWeight in 725, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=725)
         0.12349504 = weight(abstract_txt:lcsh in 725) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12349504 = score(doc=725,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.14798647 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.366527 = boost
               6.29421 = idf(docFreq=221, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.8345022 = fieldWeight in 725, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.29421 = idf(docFreq=221, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=725)
         0.016410174 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 725) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016410174 = score(doc=725,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07002421 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6281407 = boost
               2.4997334 = idf(docFreq=9868, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.23435001 = fieldWeight in 725, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4997334 = idf(docFreq=9868, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=725)
         0.07017769 = weight(abstract_txt:training in 725) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07017769 = score(doc=725,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14642957 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6648197 = boost
               5.112096 = idf(docFreq=723, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.47925898 = fieldWeight in 725, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.112096 = idf(docFreq=723, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=725)
         0.1600657 = weight(abstract_txt:automated in 725) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1600657 = score(doc=725,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.17592242 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8247923 = boost
               5.6033173 = idf(docFreq=442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.90986526 = fieldWeight in 725, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.6033173 = idf(docFreq=442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=725)
         0.057634827 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 725) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.057634827 = score(doc=725,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14134018 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8886654 = boost
               4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.40777382 = fieldWeight in 725, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=725)
         0.51048416 = weight(abstract_txt:annif in 725) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.51048416 = score(doc=725,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5497319 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.225732 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.9286057 = fieldWeight in 725, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=725)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

3. Suominen, O.; Koskenniemi, I.: Annif Analyzer Shootout : comparing text lemmatization methods for automated subject indexing (2022) 0.23

   0.22564602 = sum of:
     0.22564602 = product of:
       0.80587864 = sum of:
         0.030964501 = weight(abstract_txt:source in 658) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030964501 = score(doc=658,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.097148456 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1071976 = boost
               5.0997415 = idf(docFreq=732, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.31873384 = fieldWeight in 658, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.0997415 = idf(docFreq=732, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=658)
         0.037529334 = weight(abstract_txt:measure in 658) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.037529334 = score(doc=658,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11043509 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1804857 = boost
               5.437306 = idf(docFreq=522, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.33983162 = fieldWeight in 658, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.437306 = idf(docFreq=522, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=658)
         0.029536719 = weight(abstract_txt:subject in 658) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029536719 = score(doc=658,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.085530646 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2723708 = boost
               3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.34533492 = fieldWeight in 658, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=658)
         0.10671047 = weight(abstract_txt:automated in 658) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10671047 = score(doc=658,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.17592242 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8247923 = boost
               5.6033173 = idf(docFreq=442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.60657686 = fieldWeight in 658, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.6033173 = idf(docFreq=442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=658)
         0.054338634 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 658) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.054338634 = score(doc=658,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.14134018 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8886654 = boost
               4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.38445285 = fieldWeight in 658, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=658)
         0.06550987 = weight(abstract_txt:open in 658) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06550987 = score(doc=658,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2172923 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.618179 = boost
               4.8237233 = idf(docFreq=965, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.3014827 = fieldWeight in 658, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.8237233 = idf(docFreq=965, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=658)
         0.4812891 = weight(abstract_txt:annif in 658) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.4812891 = score(doc=658,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.5497319 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.225732 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.8754978 = fieldWeight in 658, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=658)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

4. Lucarelli, A.; Viti, E.: Florence-Washington round trip : ways and intersections between semantic indexing tools in different languages (2015) 0.20

   0.1994136 = sum of:
     0.1994136 = product of:
       0.55392665 = sum of:
         0.017018743 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 1886) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017018743 = score(doc=1886,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.056943968 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0381896 = boost
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.29886824 = fieldWeight in 1886, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1886)
         0.020145774 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 1886) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020145774 = score(doc=1886,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06372141 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0982356 = boost
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.3161539 = fieldWeight in 1886, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1886)
         0.046298206 = weight(abstract_txt:format in 1886) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.046298206 = score(doc=1886,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09694121 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.106016 = boost
               5.0942993 = idf(docFreq=736, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.47759056 = fieldWeight in 1886, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.0942993 = idf(docFreq=736, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1886)
         0.06770744 = weight(abstract_txt:headings in 1886) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06770744 = score(doc=1886,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09913186 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1184429 = boost
               5.1515374 = idf(docFreq=695, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.68300384 = fieldWeight in 1886, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.1515374 = idf(docFreq=695, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1886)
         0.04430508 = weight(abstract_txt:subject in 1886) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04430508 = score(doc=1886,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.085530646 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2723708 = boost
               3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.5180024 = fieldWeight in 1886, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1886)
         0.12349504 = weight(abstract_txt:lcsh in 1886) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12349504 = score(doc=1886,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.14798647 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.366527 = boost
               6.29421 = idf(docFreq=221, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.8345022 = fieldWeight in 1886, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.29421 = idf(docFreq=221, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1886)
         0.016410174 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 1886) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016410174 = score(doc=1886,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07002421 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6281407 = boost
               2.4997334 = idf(docFreq=9868, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.23435001 = fieldWeight in 1886, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4997334 = idf(docFreq=9868, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1886)
         0.057634827 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 1886) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.057634827 = score(doc=1886,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14134018 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8886654 = boost
               4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.40777382 = fieldWeight in 1886, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3495874 = idf(docFreq=1551, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1886)
         0.16091137 = weight(abstract_txt:dataset in 1886) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16091137 = score(doc=1886,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25461692 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.195313 = boost
               6.7410603 = idf(docFreq=141, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.6319744 = fieldWeight in 1886, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.7410603 = idf(docFreq=141, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1886)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

5. Glowacka, T.: Nowy model organizacji opracowania przedmiotowego dokumentow (1994) 0.15

   0.1472644 = sum of:
     0.1472644 = product of:
       0.4602013 = sum of:
         0.017018743 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 3730) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017018743 = score(doc=3730,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.056943968 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0381896 = boost
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.29886824 = fieldWeight in 3730, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3730)
         0.04787639 = weight(abstract_txt:headings in 3730) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04787639 = score(doc=3730,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09913186 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1184429 = boost
               5.1515374 = idf(docFreq=695, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.48295665 = fieldWeight in 3730, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1515374 = idf(docFreq=695, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3730)
         0.04430508 = weight(abstract_txt:subject in 3730) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04430508 = score(doc=3730,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.085530646 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2723708 = boost
               3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.5180024 = fieldWeight in 3730, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.9070187 = idf(docFreq=2415, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3730)
         0.077877715 = weight(abstract_txt:suitable in 3730) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.077877715 = score(doc=3730,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13711168 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3153594 = boost
               6.0585327 = idf(docFreq=280, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.56798744 = fieldWeight in 3730, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.0585327 = idf(docFreq=280, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3730)
         0.08732418 = weight(abstract_txt:lcsh in 3730) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08732418 = score(doc=3730,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14798647 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.366527 = boost
               6.29421 = idf(docFreq=221, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.59008217 = fieldWeight in 3730, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.29421 = idf(docFreq=221, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3730)
         0.02320749 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 3730) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02320749 = score(doc=3730,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07002421 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6281407 = boost
               2.4997334 = idf(docFreq=9868, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.33142096 = fieldWeight in 3730, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.4997334 = idf(docFreq=9868, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3730)
         0.07017769 = weight(abstract_txt:training in 3730) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07017769 = score(doc=3730,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14642957 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6648197 = boost
               5.112096 = idf(docFreq=723, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.47925898 = fieldWeight in 3730, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.112096 = idf(docFreq=723, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3730)
         0.092413984 = weight(abstract_txt:automated in 3730) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.092413984 = score(doc=3730,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17592242 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8247923 = boost
               5.6033173 = idf(docFreq=442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.017205313 = queryNorm
             0.525311 = fieldWeight in 3730, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.6033173 = idf(docFreq=442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3730)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)