Document (#7151)

Author
Scarrott, G.G.
Title
Some functions and properties of information
Source
Journal of information science. 20(1994) no.2, S.88-98
Year
1994
Abstract
It can be observed that the essential function of information in nature is to control and thereby operate the organisation of life. Such organisation is recursively defined so that it refers to the operations of life at every scale, microscopic organisms, vital organs, animals, social groups of animals including commercial firms, interdependent species, and the entire biosphere. It follows that the natural structure and behaviour of sets and symbols used to represent information are characterised by the interplay of recursively defined order and intrinsic disorder aring from physical uncertainty in the behaviour of very small objects in the control mechanisms of life. Recognition and acceptance of such features of the nature of information offers useful guidance to information systems designers in their selection of strategic objectives, e.g. to reduce the hazards of program development by minimising the gross multiplicity of details that must be correct for a program to operate as intended
Theme
Information

Similar documents (content)

  1. Madden, A.D.: Evolution and information (2004) 0.17
    0.16632502 = sum of:
      0.16632502 = product of:
        0.69302094 = sum of:
          0.10042354 = weight(abstract_txt:species in 4439) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10042354 = score(doc=4439,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.15949537 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1489068 = boost
                8.059301 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.62963295 = fieldWeight in 4439, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.059301 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4439)
          0.19968458 = weight(abstract_txt:organisms in 4439) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.19968458 = score(doc=4439,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.17486936 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2030056 = boost
                8.43879 = idf(docFreq=25, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              1.1419072 = fieldWeight in 4439, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                8.43879 = idf(docFreq=25, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4439)
          0.0204169 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4439) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0204169 = score(doc=4439,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.055146456 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3511375 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.3702305 = fieldWeight in 4439, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4439)
          0.027220668 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 4439) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.027220668 = score(doc=4439,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.071960405 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7256098 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.37827286 = fieldWeight in 4439, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4439)
          0.096745856 = weight(abstract_txt:life in 4439) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.096745856 = score(doc=4439,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22438116 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3602858 = boost
                5.5189433 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.43116745 = fieldWeight in 4439, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.5189433 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4439)
          0.24852942 = weight(abstract_txt:animals in 4439) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.24852942 = score(doc=4439,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.36766556 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.466904 = boost
                8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.675966 = fieldWeight in 4439, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4439)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  2. Bates, M.J.: Information and knowledge : an evolutionary framework for information science (2005) 0.13
    0.13333772 = sum of:
      0.13333772 = product of:
        0.47620612 = sum of:
          0.071010165 = weight(abstract_txt:species in 158) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.071010165 = score(doc=158,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.15949537 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1489068 = boost
                8.059301 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.44521773 = fieldWeight in 158, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                8.059301 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=158)
          0.057643976 = weight(abstract_txt:organisms in 158) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.057643976 = score(doc=158,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17486936 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2030056 = boost
                8.43879 = idf(docFreq=25, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.32964024 = fieldWeight in 158, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.43879 = idf(docFreq=25, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=158)
          0.019768579 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 158) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.019768579 = score(doc=158,freq=15.0), product of:
              0.055146456 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3511375 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.35847414 = fieldWeight in 158, product of:
                3.8729835 = tf(freq=15.0), with freq of:
                  15.0 = termFreq=15.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=158)
          0.054765034 = weight(abstract_txt:defined in 158) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.054765034 = score(doc=158,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.13413331 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4900268 = boost
                5.2260876 = idf(docFreq=645, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.4082881 = fieldWeight in 158, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                5.2260876 = idf(docFreq=645, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=158)
          0.028871877 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 158) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.028871877 = score(doc=158,freq=18.0), product of:
              0.071960405 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7256098 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.40121895 = fieldWeight in 158, product of:
                4.2426405 = tf(freq=18.0), with freq of:
                  18.0 = termFreq=18.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=158)
          0.06840965 = weight(abstract_txt:life in 158) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06840965 = score(doc=158,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.22438116 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3602858 = boost
                5.5189433 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.30488142 = fieldWeight in 158, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.5189433 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=158)
          0.17573683 = weight(abstract_txt:animals in 158) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17573683 = score(doc=158,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.36766556 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.466904 = boost
                8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.4779801 = fieldWeight in 158, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=158)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  3. Philipkoski, K.: What's in a name? : the future of life (2007) 0.07
    0.07019074 = sum of:
      0.07019074 = product of:
        0.29246143 = sum of:
          0.112276934 = weight(abstract_txt:species in 1214) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.112276934 = score(doc=1214,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.15949537 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1489068 = boost
                8.059301 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.70395106 = fieldWeight in 1214, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                8.059301 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1214)
          0.057643976 = weight(abstract_txt:organisms in 1214) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.057643976 = score(doc=1214,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17486936 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2030056 = boost
                8.43879 = idf(docFreq=25, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.32964024 = fieldWeight in 1214, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.43879 = idf(docFreq=25, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1214)
          0.01020845 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1214) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01020845 = score(doc=1214,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.055146456 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3511375 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.18511525 = fieldWeight in 1214, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1214)
          0.021742558 = weight(abstract_txt:nature in 1214) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.021742558 = score(doc=1214,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.115016855 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3797694 = boost
                4.839373 = idf(docFreq=950, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.18903801 = fieldWeight in 1214, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.839373 = idf(docFreq=950, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1214)
          0.006805167 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 1214) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.006805167 = score(doc=1214,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.071960405 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7256098 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.094568215 = fieldWeight in 1214, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1214)
          0.083784364 = weight(abstract_txt:life in 1214) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.083784364 = score(doc=1214,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.22438116 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3602858 = boost
                5.5189433 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.37340194 = fieldWeight in 1214, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.5189433 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1214)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  4. Makewita, S.M.: Investigating the generic information-seeking function of organisational decision-makers : perspectives on improving organisational information systems (2002) 0.07
    0.06627946 = sum of:
      0.06627946 = product of:
        0.27616444 = sum of:
          0.01429183 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 642) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01429183 = score(doc=642,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.055146456 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3511375 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.25916135 = fieldWeight in 642, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=642)
          0.03043958 = weight(abstract_txt:nature in 642) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03043958 = score(doc=642,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.115016855 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3797694 = boost
                4.839373 = idf(docFreq=950, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.2646532 = fieldWeight in 642, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.839373 = idf(docFreq=950, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=642)
          0.03833552 = weight(abstract_txt:defined in 642) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03833552 = score(doc=642,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13413331 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4900268 = boost
                5.2260876 = idf(docFreq=645, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.28580165 = fieldWeight in 642, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.2260876 = idf(docFreq=645, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=642)
          0.05442996 = weight(abstract_txt:organisation in 642) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05442996 = score(doc=642,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.16944459 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.67471 = boost
                5.8738413 = idf(docFreq=337, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.3212257 = fieldWeight in 642, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.8738413 = idf(docFreq=337, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=642)
          0.033003304 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 642) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.033003304 = score(doc=642,freq=12.0), product of:
              0.071960405 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7256098 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.45863146 = fieldWeight in 642, product of:
                3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
                  12.0 = termFreq=12.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=642)
          0.105664246 = weight(abstract_txt:operate in 642) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.105664246 = score(doc=642,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.26368642 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.0891502 = boost
                7.3274393 = idf(docFreq=78, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.40071934 = fieldWeight in 642, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.3274393 = idf(docFreq=78, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=642)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  5. Bawden, D.: Users, user studies and human information behaviour : a three-decade perspective on Tom Wilson's "On user studies and information needs" (2006) 0.06
    0.062419243 = sum of:
      0.062419243 = product of:
        0.3120962 = sum of:
          0.01020845 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 737) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01020845 = score(doc=737,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.055146456 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3511375 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.18511525 = fieldWeight in 737, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=737)
          0.06149724 = weight(abstract_txt:nature in 737) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06149724 = score(doc=737,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.115016855 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3797694 = boost
                4.839373 = idf(docFreq=950, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.53468025 = fieldWeight in 737, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.839373 = idf(docFreq=950, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=737)
          0.10281365 = weight(abstract_txt:behaviour in 737) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10281365 = score(doc=737,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.16201614 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.637589 = boost
                5.7436438 = idf(docFreq=384, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.63458896 = fieldWeight in 737, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.7436438 = idf(docFreq=384, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=737)
          0.040831007 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 737) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.040831007 = score(doc=737,freq=9.0), product of:
              0.071960405 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7256098 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.56740934 = fieldWeight in 737, product of:
                3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                  9.0 = termFreq=9.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=737)
          0.096745856 = weight(abstract_txt:life in 737) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.096745856 = score(doc=737,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22438116 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3602858 = boost
                5.5189433 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44218)
                0.017225264 = queryNorm
              0.43116745 = fieldWeight in 737, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.5189433 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=737)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)