Document (#9148)

Author
Meincke, P.P.M.
Atherton, P.
Title
Knowledge space : a conceptual basis for the organization of knowledge
Source
Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 27(1976) no.1, S.18-24
Year
1976
Abstract
We propose a new conceptual basis for visualizing the organization of information, or knowledge, which differentiates between the concept 'vectors' for a field of knowledge represented in a multidimensional space, and the state 'vectors' for a person based on his understanding of these concepts, and the representational 'vectors' for information items which might be in a retrieval system which covers a subspace of knowledge. This accomodates the notion of search volume in which the user of a retrieval system can expand or reduce the subspace he searches for relevant information items which have representational vectors with components on basic concept vectors similar to his state vector. The benefits of such a new conceptual framework are explored in this article

Similar documents (author)

  1. Atherton, P.: Books are for use : Final report of the Subject Access Project to the Council of Library Resources (1978) 5.94
    5.937289 = sum of:
      5.937289 = weight(author_txt:atherton in 844) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.937289 = fieldWeight in 844, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.499662 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44218)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=844)
    
  2. Atherton, J.: Computer-aided learning and experimental learning (1996) 5.94
    5.937289 = sum of:
      5.937289 = weight(author_txt:atherton in 811) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.937289 = fieldWeight in 811, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.499662 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44218)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=811)
    
  3. Atherton, P. -> Cochrane, P.A.: 4.75
    4.749831 = sum of:
      4.749831 = weight(author_txt:atherton in 2774) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.749831 = fieldWeight in 2774, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.499662 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44218)
          0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=2774)
    
  4. Cochrane, P.A. -> Atherton, P.: 4.75
    4.749831 = sum of:
      4.749831 = weight(author_txt:atherton in 2775) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.749831 = fieldWeight in 2775, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.499662 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44218)
          0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=2775)
    
  5. Atherton Cochrane, P.: Knowledge space revisited : challenges for twenty-first century library and information science researchers (2013) 4.75
    4.749831 = sum of:
      4.749831 = weight(author_txt:atherton in 5553) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.749831 = fieldWeight in 5553, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.499662 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44218)
          0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=5553)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Lund, K.; Burgess, C.: Producing high-dimensional semantic spaces from lexical co-occurrence (1996) 0.44
    0.4410373 = sum of:
      0.4410373 = product of:
        1.3782415 = sum of:
          0.06861378 = weight(abstract_txt:vector in 1704) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06861378 = score(doc=1704,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.09523785 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0993041 = boost
                6.5207376 = idf(docFreq=176, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.7204466 = fieldWeight in 1704, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                6.5207376 = idf(docFreq=176, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1704)
          0.058793195 = weight(abstract_txt:multidimensional in 1704) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.058793195 = score(doc=1704,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.108250536 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1720012 = boost
                6.9519553 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.5431215 = fieldWeight in 1704, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.9519553 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1704)
          0.0129016 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 1704) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0129016 = score(doc=1704,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.039382905 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.224412 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.32759392 = fieldWeight in 1704, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1704)
          0.035941884 = weight(abstract_txt:basis in 1704) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.035941884 = score(doc=1704,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.098240204 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5789657 = boost
                4.682972 = idf(docFreq=1111, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.36585718 = fieldWeight in 1704, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.682972 = idf(docFreq=1111, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1704)
          0.054877173 = weight(abstract_txt:space in 1704) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.054877173 = score(doc=1704,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13026163 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8181776 = boost
                5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.42128426 = fieldWeight in 1704, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1704)
          0.021709908 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 1704) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.021709908 = score(doc=1704,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.09527391 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.458584 = boost
                2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.22786833 = fieldWeight in 1704, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1704)
          0.1951722 = weight(abstract_txt:representational in 1704) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1951722 = score(doc=1704,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.30350605 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.7753115 = boost
                8.231152 = idf(docFreq=31, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.6430587 = fieldWeight in 1704, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.231152 = idf(docFreq=31, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1704)
          0.93023175 = weight(abstract_txt:vectors in 1704) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.93023175 = score(doc=1704,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.6822436 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.5791197 = boost
                7.805067 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              1.3634892 = fieldWeight in 1704, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                7.805067 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1704)
        0.32 = coord(8/25)
    
  2. Song, D.; Bruza, P.D.: Towards context sensitive information inference (2003) 0.24
    0.24153845 = sum of:
      0.24153845 = product of:
        0.6709401 = sum of:
          0.054891024 = weight(abstract_txt:vector in 1428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.054891024 = score(doc=1428,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.09523785 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0993041 = boost
                6.5207376 = idf(docFreq=176, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.57635725 = fieldWeight in 1428, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                6.5207376 = idf(docFreq=176, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1428)
          0.011750135 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 1428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.011750135 = score(doc=1428,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.05409917 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1717186 = boost
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.21719621 = fieldWeight in 1428, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1428)
          0.016854579 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 1428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.016854579 = score(doc=1428,freq=8.0), product of:
              0.039382905 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.224412 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.4279669 = fieldWeight in 1428, product of:
                2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                  8.0 = termFreq=8.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1428)
          0.051212147 = weight(abstract_txt:concept in 1428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.051212147 = score(doc=1428,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.090933524 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.519113 = boost
                4.505458 = idf(docFreq=1327, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.56318223 = fieldWeight in 1428, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                4.505458 = idf(docFreq=1327, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1428)
          0.028753508 = weight(abstract_txt:basis in 1428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.028753508 = score(doc=1428,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.098240204 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5789657 = boost
                4.682972 = idf(docFreq=1111, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.29268575 = fieldWeight in 1428, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.682972 = idf(docFreq=1111, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1428)
          0.087803476 = weight(abstract_txt:space in 1428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.087803476 = score(doc=1428,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.13026163 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8181776 = boost
                5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.6740548 = fieldWeight in 1428, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1428)
          0.017367925 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 1428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.017367925 = score(doc=1428,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.09527391 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.458584 = boost
                2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.18229467 = fieldWeight in 1428, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1428)
          0.06949751 = weight(abstract_txt:conceptual in 1428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06949751 = score(doc=1428,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.16075405 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.4737434 = boost
                4.891165 = idf(docFreq=902, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.43232197 = fieldWeight in 1428, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.891165 = idf(docFreq=902, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1428)
          0.3328098 = weight(abstract_txt:vectors in 1428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.3328098 = score(doc=1428,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.6822436 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.5791197 = boost
                7.805067 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.4878167 = fieldWeight in 1428, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.805067 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1428)
        0.36 = coord(9/25)
    
  3. Tomassen, S.L.: Research on ontology-driven information retrieval (2006 (?)) 0.17
    0.17385389 = sum of:
      0.17385389 = product of:
        0.6209068 = sum of:
          0.06861378 = weight(abstract_txt:vector in 4328) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06861378 = score(doc=4328,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.09523785 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0993041 = boost
                6.5207376 = idf(docFreq=176, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.7204466 = fieldWeight in 4328, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                6.5207376 = idf(docFreq=176, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4328)
          0.0134220235 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 4328) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0134220235 = score(doc=4328,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.0509449 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1370469 = boost
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.2634616 = fieldWeight in 4328, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4328)
          0.025439786 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 4328) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.025439786 = score(doc=4328,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.05409917 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1717186 = boost
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.47024357 = fieldWeight in 4328, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4328)
          0.010534111 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 4328) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.010534111 = score(doc=4328,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.039382905 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.224412 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.2674793 = fieldWeight in 4328, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4328)
          0.032007594 = weight(abstract_txt:concept in 4328) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.032007594 = score(doc=4328,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.090933524 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.519113 = boost
                4.505458 = idf(docFreq=1327, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.3519889 = fieldWeight in 4328, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.505458 = idf(docFreq=1327, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4328)
          0.054877173 = weight(abstract_txt:space in 4328) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.054877173 = score(doc=4328,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13026163 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8181776 = boost
                5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.42128426 = fieldWeight in 4328, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4328)
          0.4160123 = weight(abstract_txt:vectors in 4328) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.4160123 = score(doc=4328,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.6822436 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.5791197 = boost
                7.805067 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.6097709 = fieldWeight in 4328, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.805067 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4328)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  4. Billhardt, H.; Borrajo, D.; Maojo, V.: ¬A context vector model for information retrieval (2002) 0.17
    0.16961329 = sum of:
      0.16961329 = product of:
        0.8480664 = sum of:
          0.07762763 = weight(abstract_txt:vector in 251) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07762763 = score(doc=251,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.09523785 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0993041 = boost
                6.5207376 = idf(docFreq=176, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.8150922 = fieldWeight in 251, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                6.5207376 = idf(docFreq=176, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=251)
          0.020351829 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 251) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.020351829 = score(doc=251,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.05409917 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1717186 = boost
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.37619486 = fieldWeight in 251, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=251)
          0.008427289 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 251) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.008427289 = score(doc=251,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.039382905 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.224412 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.21398345 = fieldWeight in 251, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=251)
          0.076040044 = weight(abstract_txt:space in 251) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.076040044 = score(doc=251,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.13026163 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8181776 = boost
                5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.5837486 = fieldWeight in 251, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=251)
          0.6656196 = weight(abstract_txt:vectors in 251) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.6656196 = score(doc=251,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.6822436 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.5791197 = boost
                7.805067 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.9756334 = fieldWeight in 251, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                7.805067 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=251)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  5. Schutze, H.; Pederson, J.O.: ¬A cooccurrence-based thesaurus and two applications to information retrieval (1997) 0.16
    0.16448765 = sum of:
      0.16448765 = product of:
        0.8224382 = sum of:
          0.09605929 = weight(abstract_txt:vector in 153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09605929 = score(doc=153,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.09523785 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0993041 = boost
                6.5207376 = idf(docFreq=176, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              1.0086251 = fieldWeight in 153, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                6.5207376 = idf(docFreq=176, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=153)
          0.020562734 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.020562734 = score(doc=153,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.05409917 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1717186 = boost
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.38009337 = fieldWeight in 153, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=153)
          0.014747757 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.014747757 = score(doc=153,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.039382905 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.224412 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.37447104 = fieldWeight in 153, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=153)
          0.10865126 = weight(abstract_txt:space in 153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10865126 = score(doc=153,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.13026163 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8181776 = boost
                5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.83410025 = fieldWeight in 153, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=153)
          0.58241713 = weight(abstract_txt:vectors in 153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.58241713 = score(doc=153,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.6822436 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.5791197 = boost
                7.805067 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013286023 = queryNorm
              0.8536792 = fieldWeight in 153, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.805067 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=153)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)