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Abstract

This article is a programmatic article, which formulates a new approach to information science (IS): domain analysis. This approach states that the most fruitful horizon for IS is to study the knowledge-domains as thought or discourse communities, which are parts of society's division of labor. The article is also a review article, providing a multidisciplinary description of research, illuminating this theoretical view. The first section presents contemporary research in IS, sharing the fundamental viewpoint that IS should be seen as a social rather than as a purely mental discipline. In addition, important predecessors to this view are mentioned and the possibilities as well as the limitations of their approaches are discussed. The second section describes recent transdisciplinary tendencies in the understanding of knowledge. In bordering disciplines to IS, such as educational research, psychology, linguistics, and the philosophy of science, an important new view of knowledge is appearing in the 1990s. This new view of knowledge stresses the social ecological, and content-oriented nature of knowledge. This is opposed to the more formal, computer-like approaches that dominated in the 1980s. The third section compares domain-analysis to other major approaches in IS, such as the cognitive approach. The final section outlines important problems to be investigates, such as how different knowledge-doamins affect the informational value of different subject access points in databases

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Abstract

This paper takes a second look at three prevailing main themes in knowledge organization: i) the academic disciplines as the main structural principle; ii) the fiction/non-fiction distinction; and iii) the appropriate unit of analysis in online retrieval systems. The history and origin of bibliographic classification [Dewey, Bliss, Mills, Beghtol] are discussed from the perspective of pragmatist philosophy and social studies of science [Kuhn, Merton, Reich]. Choices of structural principles in different schemes are found to rely on more or less implicit philosophical foundations, ranging from rationalism to pragmatism. It is further shown how the increasing application of faceted structures as basic structural principles in universal classification schemes [DDC, UDC] impose rationalistic principles and structures for knowledge organization which are not in alignment with the development of knowledge in the covered disciplines. Further evidence of rationalism in knowledge organization is the fiction/non-fiction distinction, excluding the important role of artistic resources for, in particular, humanistic research. Finally, for the analysis of appropriate bibliographic unit, it is argued that there is a need to shift towards a semiotic approach, founded on an understanding of intertextuality, rather than applying standard principles of hierarchical decomposition of documents. It is concluded that a change in classification research is needed, founded on a more historical and social understanding of knowledge

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Abstract

Discusses how classification systems have developed to perform the work of articulation in electronic libraries as exemplified by projects involving cooperative design of classificatory structures and democratic classification and indexing. Delineates the stages in this evolution and focuses on the mutual design activity of libraries and users which took place in the development of an enriched multimedia catalogue on the WWW at Ballerup public library in Denmark and on research in england into the democratic indexing of images and fiction. Although recent projects are promising it is important to avoid a mechanistic concept of knowledge and maintain a social view

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Content

"3rd ISKO Italy-UniMIB Meeting: Report More than 40 people attended the 3rd ISKO Italy meeting, again organized thanks to cooperation with the University of Milano Bicocca Library, despite a railway strike which impeded some planned speakers (Luca Rosati, Federica Paradisi, Cristiana Bettella) from reaching the venue. In the annual report on ISKO Italy activities and contacts, Claudio Gnoli announced that the 2010 international ISKO conference will be hosted in Rome, an organizing committee chaired by Fulvio Mazzocchi having just been constituted. The morning had an international flavour, as it was reconnected to the trends observed by Mela Bosch at the ISKO Spain conference recently held in Leon, showing an increase in the hermeneutic approach over the heuristic one, and especially to the Leon manifesto (http://www.iskoi.org/ ilc/leon.htm). This was promoted by Rick Szostak in his guest keynote address, concerning his proposal of non-disciplinary classification based on phenomena, theories, and methods. Melissa Tiberi and Barbara De Santis developed on their current research concerning semantics problems in equivalence relationships, and Cristiana Bettella (whose introduction was read by Caterina Barazia) on her one about humanistic knowledge, focusing on the double role played in it by the researcher. The afternoon was devoted to KO applications, starting with the experience of two university libraries (Milan Bicocca and Turin), with contribution of a third one in the discussion (Milan 1), in the use of KOSs to organize digital resources and links in the university web-space. Two emerging, promising domains of KO application were introduced by Paolo Franzese: semantic indexing of institutional archives, and by the DesignNet team: information visualization, exemplified in an impressive solution for thesauri. Finally, Andrea Marchitelli discussed hybridizations of social tagging and blogging with opacs, and Jiri Pika showed UDC-based search techniques in a Swiss multilingual OPAC. Presentations, abstracts, and photos will be progressively available from the event webpage (http://www.iskoi.org/doc/milano07.htm). - Claudio Gnoli.

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Content

Information Access for the Global Community: an International Seminar on the Universal Decimal Classification.--UDC Seminar 4 and 5 June 2007 A two day International Seminar will be held at the UDC Headquarters in The Hague, exploring latest developments and applications of the Universal Decimal Classification. There will be an international panel of speakers and presentations by members of the UDC Consortium. The goal of this Seminar is to bring together UDC publishers, information management practitioners and researchers from both the standards industry and institutions and projects. The Seminar will be a unique opportunity to share ideas, problems and solutions relating to the multifaceted aspects of UDC management and use. The themes to be addressed include: current situation and future prospects of UDC, its role in bibliographic control, innovative applications, publishers and their products, and training and research. The venue is the Koninklijke Bibliotheek/National Library of the Netherlands, Prins Willem-Alexanderhof 5, Den Haag."