Search (10 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

An overview of levels and approaches in the evalution of knowledge-based systems is presented. There is a need for empirical studies using objective criteria in advance of completing the technical evaluation of such systems. A methodology for this type of evaluation developed for a particular knowledge-based indexing system is presented. It is suggested that the proposed study may serve as a model for the design of any evaluation in which the results of existing intellectual procedures are compared with results achieved when these procedures are aided by use of an appropriate expert system

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 47(1996) no.1, S.57-69

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Abstract

Tests the logical reasoning ability of end users of a CD-ROM index and assesses associations between different levels of this ability and aspects of retrieval performance. Users' selection of vocabulary and their selection of citations for further examination are both influenced by this ability. The designs of information systems should address the effects of logical reasoning on search behaviour. People with lower levels of logical reasoning ability may experience difficulty using systems in which user selectivity plays an important role. Other systems, such as those with ranked output, may decrease the need for users to make selections and would be easier to use for people with lower levels of logical reasoning ability

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Abstract

Explores the use of interactive documents as interfaces to historical data starting with the basis of the well known representation of a timeline. When incorporated into the context of electronic documents, the timeline provides the basis for implementing an interface into an event space, relying particularly on hypertextual-style links. Generalizing timelines also permits the flexible representation of many different kinds of relationships beyond the temporal. Describes examples of such representations taken from prototype implementations

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Abstract

Reports on a study which collected a sample of 846 scientific research papers published in 1992 and tests 3 hypotheses on the relationship between research collaboration and interdisciplinarity. Results showed significant differences in degrees of interdisciplinarity among different levels of collaboration and among different disciplines. Collaboration contributed significantly to the degree of interdisciplinarity in some disciplines and not in others. Uses a survey that asked authors about their form of collaboration, channels of communication and use of information. The survey provides some qualitative explanation for the bibliometrics findings. Discusses the perspective of scientist-scientist interaction, scientist-information interaction and information-information interaction

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 48(1997) no.10, S.893-916

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Abstract

"Librarians should be careful to distinguish between their own abilities and those of their patrons when designing information systems, bibliographic instruction programs, and similar library services. The abilities of professionals may lead to preferences for sophisticated interfaces, complex instructional programs, or services that assumehigh levels of cognitive abilities, while their library patrons may find browse interfaces, simple point-of-need instruction, and basic services to be more appropriate to their levels of cognitive abilities

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Abstract

Considers 4 approaches that have been idetified for studying information needs: cognitive; social; social cognition; and organizational; using a problem solving model. Identifies individual and situational variables that influence how individuals and groups experience information needs and shows how research into the information needs of users and the design of user centred information systems and services can be guided by an integrated understanding of how individual and situational variables affect normal behaviour

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Abstract

This research investigated the ways in which different levels of knowledge about a topic can affect searching for information on that topic in a library online catalog. It was found that people with high levels of knowledge use more search expressions, including more general and nonproductive expressions, than low-knowledge users. It was also found that high-knowledge users employed more search expressions that had not been contained in their statements of information need than low-knowledge users. These differences in vocabulary use and search expression formulation may be of interest to designers of online catalogs as they attempt to increase the responsiveness of catalog systems to the needs of individual users

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Abstract

Two experiments were undertaken to determine how cognitive abilities of users of information systems and specific design features that might be implemented in information technology combine to create system usabiblity. In one case, an interaction was found to combine with system characteristics in a non-uniform manner. The existence of this interaction between user characteristics and system features is interpreted as an opportunity for incorporating user-selectable options in an information retrieval system. In the other case, there was no interaction between perceptual speed and the way index terms were presented in browsable displays. This suggests that user characteristics and system features combined uniformly to create system usability. This uniformity is interpreted as indicating that information system designers have a relatively simple choice between forms of browsable displays

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Abstract

1 characteristic that may affect the way users interest with information systems is the way they organise their knowledge of the topic to be searched. An experiment was conducted to determine the extent and nature of this effect. Subjects who were given different advance organisers read texts and responded to questions about the topics in the texts. These questions were presented in an information retrieval context, on simulated pre-search forms. It was found that different organising structures affected responses to questions in 1 topic of the 3 that were investigated. This demonstrates a complex interaction between the topic of the search, the organising structure employed by users, and questions asked by intermediaries. Because the way users organise their knowledge has an impact on their interaction with information systems, these organising structures may be candidates for inclusion in cognitive models of users