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Abstract

Scientific enterprise represents a pivotal area in knowledge organization because of its prolific use of emerging information technology and its close network of researchers in government, industry, and universities as producers and consumers of knowledge. The ALCOM/NIST Heterogeneous Structures Database (http://cpip.kent.edu/PSP) is an online information system involving university research scientists, government agencies, and industrial partners in the ALCOM/NIST Heterogeneous Structures Project. The Database is the first stage of a multiphase knowledge base of liquid crystal science, the Basic and Applied Liquid Crystal Research Database. This paper will describe the system functionality of the Heterogeneous Structures Database and the expansion of a previously existing tool, the Thesaurus for Liquid Crystal Research and Applications (http://www.personal.kent.edu/~slis/zeng/maja2.html), into the Database. The first part of the paper will discuss how the design of the Database addresses the following user characteristics from multidisciplines involved in the project: interdisciplinarity, basic and applied research, experts and novices users, and user population groups (academia, government, and industry). The second part of the paper will report on how the authors are developing a frame of knowledge structure to meet these characteristics

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Abstract

This paper will explore the information processes and work situations of interdisciplinary scientists. The analysis focuses on information exchange between intellectual domains. In this paper we will discuss the problem of determining a useful level of subject specificity for vocabulary mapping in the building of Entry Vocabulary Modules (EVM's). We tested the sensitivity of our association dictionary building method to two subdomains for two domains within an existing database. The ALCOM/NIST Heterogeneous Structures Database (http://hsp.kent.edu) is an online information system involving chemists and physicists from university research centers, government agencies, and industry in the ALCOM/NIST Heterogeneous Structures Project. We selected journal articles from the database as the training data sets at the subdomain levels and found that the notion of subdomain is useful The concepts, design and implementation of vocabulary mapping in the Heterogeneous Structures Project can provide a "bridge" to help researchers shift their efforts away from their core specialization to the peripheral domains that infuse their interdisciplinary work.The Center for Advanced Liquid Crystalline Optical Materials (ALCOM) is one of 25 NSF Science and Technology Centers and represents the largest concentration of liquid crystal research in the United States. One of five major ALCOM research projects, the Heterogeneous Structures Project involves: university physicists, chemists, and mathematicians from ALCOM (Kent State University, Case Western Reserve University, The University of Akron) and University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA); national laboratories at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and industrial partners at General Motors. Researchers investigate the process of phase separation, which produces heterogeneous liquid crystalline materials, in order to understand the relationship between morphology and bulk physical properties. The project goal is to design and fabricate heterogeneous structures with desired optical and physical properties. The goal of the information management work within the Heterogeneous Structures Project is to develop an information gateway to facilitate scientific partnerships among multi-institutional, multidisciplinary research teams in the area of liquid crystal research. Research conducted by Michael Buckland and others at the School of Information Management and Systems, University of California at Berkeley, produced a method of providing links between different metadata vocabularies, such as categorization codes, classification numbers, and index and thesaurus terms. The procedure renders a "natural language" index to metadata vocabularies called an Entry Vocabulary Module. A metadata vocabulary called a "training set" is derived from highly ranked journals in the field. The first stage is the creation of an Entry Vocabulary Module, a dictionary of associations between lexical terms found in titles, authors, and the metadata vocaulary such as the cateogry codes, classification numbers, or thesaurus terms. A probability ratio statistic is used as a measure of association. As a second step the dictionary is used to predict which of the metadata terms best represent the topic in the researcher's terms. The Heterogeneous Structures Database exploits the collaborative creation and rapid transfer of knowledge between academia, government, and industry through organization and retrieval within an online environment. The Database is the first stage of a multi-phase online information system to encompass and interconnect the major research projects in ALCOM. The long-term project, the Basic and Applied Liquid Crystal Research Database, will make available a comprehensive formal and informal knowledge base of basic and applied research in liquid crystal science

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