Bertolucci, K.: Happiness is taxonomy : four structures for Snoopy - libraries' method of categorizing and classification (2003)
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- Abstract
- Many of you first heard the word "taxonomy" in junior high science class when you studied Linnaeus and biologic nomenclature. The word originated with the Greek word taxis, meaning "to arrange," and is related to similar arrangement words like taxidermy. The other "tax" word comes from a Latin verb taxare, meaning "to collect money," and is linked to such collecting devices as taxicabs. In the 18th century, Linnaeus arranged all known living things into a hierarchy. Figure 1 shows where dogs fit into the Animalia hierarchy, as identified in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS, www.itis.usda.gov). It's a straight drill down from the Animal Kingdom to the species Canis familiaris. For domesticated animals, biology taxonomists rely on categories from animal breeding associations. So I added two facets from the American Kennel Club, "Hounds" and "Beagles," leading us directly to that most articulate and philosophical dog, Snoopy. Linnaeus's straightforward structure continues to serve life scientists after two centuries of development. The whole Animalia taxonomy offers valuable information about the natural relationships of animals. It shows exactly where an organism sits in the vast complexity of life. Snoopy's extended family of coyotes and wolves lives one step above in the genus Canis. Foxes are added at the next step in the family Canidae. Because the Linnaean taxonomy must be scientifically accurate, it must also be flexible. If a new scientific discovery changes our knowledge of life, that change is reflected by taxonomic revision. However, one important grouping remains the same: In 1758, Linnaeus placed humans and apes together in the Primate order, 73 years before Charles Darwin sailed to the Galapagos on the HMS Beagle.
