Search (14 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

Purpose - To examine work on phenomenology and determine what information studies can learn and use from that work. Design/methodology/approach - The paper presents a literature-based conceptual analysis of pioneering work in phenomenology (including that of Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Paul Ricoeur, and others), application of such ideas as intentionality and being in information studies work, and the potential for greater application of the information seeker as other. Findings - The literature on phenomenology contains thought that is directly relevant to information studies and information work. Close examination of perception, intentionality, and interpretation is integral to individuals' activities related to searching for and retrieving information, determining relevance, and using technology. Essential to the realization of phenomenology's potential is adoption of communication by dialogue so that an information seeker is able both to conceptualize need and to articulate that need. Some promising work in information studies demonstrates an openness to the ongoing and continuous perceptual experiences of information seekers and the relation of that process of perceiving to the growth of knowledge. Originality/value - Offers a different way of thinking about human-information relationships and the ways that information professionals can interact with information seekers.

Field

Informationswissenschaft
Bibliothekswesen

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Abstract

Inquiries made by academic library users are more complex than they may appear. Successful information retrieval based on complex queries is a function of cataloguing, classification, and the librarian's interpretation. Explores aspects of complexitiy using a proposed query as an example

Source

Journal of academic librarianship. 22(1996) no.2, S.111-117

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Abstract

From the perspective of semiotics, "information" is an ambiguous theoretical concept because the word is used to represent both signifier and signified, both text and content. Using the work of Fernand de Saussure, this paper explores theoretical possibilities that open by virtue of understanding information as sign. Of particular interest is the way semiotics suggests ways to bridge the theoretical gap between information as thing and information as cognitive phenomenon by positing information as a cultural phenomenon.

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Library and information science (LIS) is a discipline based on communication. Research questions in LIS include those focusing on the retrieval use of information, information services, and information technology. Moreover, the questions asked and the thought relevant to the study of information are communicated formally within the profession primarily through the literature. This sensitivity to communication suggests that discourse analysis has the advantage of being able to address questions regarding both spoken and written communications and so can be applied to matters of articulations of purpose in the field. 2 key elements of language form the heart of discourse analysis: form and function. Applications of discourse analysis to information include investigations of the social, political, and technical uses of the word information as they have implications for theory and practice

Source

Information processing and management. 32(1996) no.2, S.217-226

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Purpose - This paper aims to examine the relationships between meaning and truth as they may contribute to a constitutive definition of information. The thesis is primarily that "information" cannot be defined unless within the context of meaning and truth, and that any theory based on, or related to, information is not possible without the foundational definition. Design/methodology/approach - A review of related literatures and an arrangement of frameworks forms the design of this conceptual proposal. Findings - While other definitions of information have been presented, the present one integrates meaning and truth in ways that others do not. The thoroughgoing semantic examination provides a starting-point for a much deeper analysis of the integral role that language plays in the formation of any theory related to information. Truth tends not to be spoken of a great deal in information science; the definitional positioning of truth adds to a more complete definition and basis for theory. Originality/value - This paper proposes a new definitional and theoretical construct for information.

Theme

Information

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Abstract

The literature within library and information science (LIS) on relevance comes primarily from the subfields of information retrieval and information systems design. This literature has developed over time from an orthodoxy that has focused on relevance as an objective measure to a comprehension of the dynamic nature of relevance judgment. Other literatures, such as those of the philosophy of language and semantics, also have offered cogent thought that could and should be incorporated into LIS. This thought has broadened discussion to the context in which relevance is assessed, the speech acts that are evaluated, and the dialogic element of human communication.

Footnote

Artikel in einem Themenheft: The philosophy of information

Theme

Information

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Abstract

While there is a huge literature devoted to information literacy (IL), much of which is devoted to course or content design and some sort of assessment. What is presented in this paper is the proposition that the design of IL would benefit greatly by the infusion of the development of consciousness and conscious states. The understanding of consciousness and its place in the absorption of information, and ultimately, knowledge growth is presented. Design/methodology/approach Reviews of information literacy (brief) and consciousness (more extensive) are applied to the proposition that consciousness is an essential element of successful information literacy instruction. The reviews are of a critical nature. Findings Consciousness and its complexity are explicated to a considerable extent. While there are somewhat varied conceptions of consciousness, a relatively unified definition is suggested. The complexities of consciousness and its development render students more able to explicate the agreements and disagreements in the information landscape. In short, a developed consciousness among students makes for more critical approaches to difficult informational events. Then, the connections between IL and consciousness, which includes the awareness of informational states, conclude the paper. Research limitations/implications This paper offers a new mode for an inquiry into the content and structure of information literacy instruction. Originality/value The paper adds a heretofore unattended condition for success in information literacy for instructors and students.

Theme

Information

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Abstract

For most of its modern history library and information science has been governed by the mode of thinking best characterized as positivism. This epistemology, shared with most of the social sciences for some time, features the quest for universal laws and the reduction of all phenomena, including behavioral, cognitive, and so on, to the physical, among other elements. This means to knowledge is unworkable for this field; a prposed replacement for it is hermeneutical phenomenology. This article outlines the elements of a revised epistemological approach that seeks an understanding of the essences of things (such as the library) and that takes into account, among other things, the intentional stances of the human actors within the realm of library and information science. Such a re-formated epistemology allows for a different set of questions asked and a different approach to answering them

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to provide a critical reply to Robert Lingard's close reading of a previously published paper of the present author's, "Meaning, truth, and information." Design/methodology/approach - The approach adopted in this paper is an examination of Lingard's argument and counter-points, employing (primarily) logical and rhetorical analysis of his claims. Findings - While some of Lingard's criticisms are legitimate and must be admitted, many have to be subjected to rebuttal on the basis of misreading, logical error, and discursive misapprehension of points made in the original article. Originality/value - Since the present paper is a reply to another author's work, originality is constrained by the arguments and claims made by that author. That said, additional analysis is added to the matters of meaning, truth, and information in an effort to clarify and expand upon the essence of the original article.

Content

Bezugnahme auf: Lingard, R.G.: Information, truth and meaning. In: Journal of documentation. 69(2013) no.4, S.481-499.

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Recent and emerging viewpoints in embodiment and knowledge necessitate a reexamination of epistemology within and beyond the brain. Taking a sociocultural approach, this article covers two main types of epistemology beyond the brain, namely, embodied epistemology and nonindividualist epistemology. Using citizen science and music to illustrate related concepts of intuition, experience, and embodiment, this article describes intuition as a cultural system, beyond a purely individual possession. We describe how-in cultural practices such as music-intuition acts as mediator between knowledge and embodiment, and intuition is built and modified by experience over time. Building on Dick's (1999) notion of "holistic perspectivism," we pose a holistic epistemology approach that embraces knowledge that extends well beyond the purely cognitive, in both embodied situations and systemic manifestations. As information research becomes increasingly interested in the role of the body and its relationship to information, knowledge, intuition, and memory, we argue that such an approach will uncover further dimensions of nonindividualist, systemic, and embodied knowledge.

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 69(2018) no.5, S.710-719

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Abstract

Based on Foucault's exploration of the author-function, the current study investigates knowledge organization systems' (KOS's) treatment of persons who are also authors and the ability to record attributes, relationships and events related to those persons. FRBR and FRAD do well to extend the information in library authority records beyond the personal name as a character string to include attributes of the person, yet aspects of the person as an author and author-function can be enhanced. This paper begins with a discussion of the author-function as identified by Foucault and the complexities of identity that arise. Next, it reviews the Library and Information Science (LIS) literature on authorship and name authorities, then briefly discusses the current library content standard (Resource Description and Access, (RDA)) and the current library encoding standard, (MAchine Readable Cataloging, (MARC)). It then examines four projects making use of person data to enhance the author-function: Europeana, AustLit, The American Civil War: Letters and Diaries, and DBpedia. We conclude that additional attributes, relationships, and events are pivotal to moving toward more Foucault-friendly KOS's in libraries. Concerns with this more robust model of recoding information include the ethics of recording attributes of persons and problems of end-user searching in current systems.

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Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.14, S.2366-2371

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Abstract

The study sought to ascertain the current usage and status of CD-ROM databases in academic libraries. The survey asked libraries how many CD-ROM databases they own or subscribe to, how these are paid for, which titles are held, and how many workstations are supported. Libraries were also asked about usage and cost of CD-ROMs; and related ares were explored. Questions were asked about the use of online information retrieval and expenditures for the years 1989-1990 and 1984-1985. Statistical analysis was used to determine if there has been a significant change in these categories over the time period in question. Finally libraries were asked if they had cancelled print sources as a result of online or CD-ROM availability

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Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to update and review the concept of warrant in Library and Information Science (LIS) and to introduce the concept of epistemic warrant from philosophy. Epistemic warrant can be used to assess the content of a work; and therefore, it can be a complement to existing warrants, such as literary warrant, in the development of controlled vocabularies. In this proposal, the authors aim to activate a theoretical discussion on warrant in order to revise and improve the validity of the concept of warrant from the user and classifier context to the classificationist context. Design/methodology/approach The authors have conducted an extensive literary review and close reading of the concept of warrant in LIS and knowledge organization in order to detect the different stances and gaps in which the concept of epistemic warrant might apply. The authors adopted an epistemological approach, in the vein of some of the previous commenters on warrant, such as Hope Olson and Birger Hjørland, and built upon the theoretical framework of different authors working with the concept of warrant outside knowledge organization, such as Alvin Plantinga and Alvin Goldman. Findings There are some authors and critics in the literature that have voiced for a more epistemological approach to warrant (in opposition to a predominantly ontological approach). In this sense, epistemic warrant would be an epistemological warrant and also a step forward toward pragmatism in a prominently empiricist context such as the justification of the inclusion of terms in a controlled vocabulary. Epistemic warrant can be used to complement literary warrant in the development of controlled vocabularies as well as in the classification of works. Originality/value This paper presents an exhaustive update and revision of the concept of warrant, analyzing, systematizing, and reviewing the different warrants discussed in the LIS literary warrant in a critical way. The concept of epistemic warrant for categorizational activities is introduced to the LIS field for the first time. This paper, and the proposal of epistemic warrant, has the potential to contribute to the theoretical and practical discussions on the development of controlled vocabularies and assessment of the content of works.