Search (9 results, page 1 of 1)

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Date

31. 7.2001 20:22:57

Footnote

Thematisierung der Verschiebung des Verständnisses von Wissensmanagement; vgl. auch: Day, R.E.: Totality and representation: a history of knowledge management ... in: JASIS 52(2001) no.9, S.725-735

Source

Journal of education for library and information science. 41(2000) no.?, S.294-306

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Abstract

A community of practice has recently been defined as "a flexible group of professionals, informally bound by common interests, who interact through interdependent tasks guided by a common purpose thereby embodying a store of common knowledge" (Jubert, 1999, p. 166). The association of communities of practice with the production of collective knowledge has long been recognized, and they have been objects of study for a number of decades in the context of professional communication, particularly communication in science (Abbott, 1988; Bazerman & Paradis, 1991). Recently, however, they have been invoked in the domain of organization studies as sites where people learn and share insights. If, as Stinchcombe suggests, an organization is "a set of stable social relations, dehberately created, with the explicit intention of continuously accomplishing some specific goals or purposes" (Stinchcombe, 1965, p. 142), where does this "flexible" and "embodied" source of knowledge fit? Can communities of practice be harnessed, engineered, and managed like other organizational groups, or does their strength lie in the fact that they operate outside the stable and persistent social relations that characterize the organization?

Source

Annual review of information science and technology. 36(2002), S.171-228

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Abstract

This paper explores the connections between two historical lines of research: social informatics in the United States, and sociotechnical studies in the United Kingdom. The author discusses samples of work from three long established UK research sites, at Manchester, Edinburgh and the London School of Economics, to give the reader a sense of sociotechnical work at different historical periods. Though the US and UK traditions share a common interest in the production of technology, and work with complementary concepts and methods, formal links between the two have not been strong for much of the historical period under review. However, there are signs of fusion in the work of a current generation of researchers on both sides of the Atlantic.

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Abstract

Knowledge management is discussed in the context of "articulation" work, that is routine interactions in groups of local practice. In such situations, knowledge is largely acquired and maintained by learning from the appropriate behavior of others by means of "organizational ethology." This phenomenon is described as "mundane knowledge management." The concepts of mundane knowledge management and organizational ethnology are explored in a case study of a project to promote virtual enterprise formation. Evaluation of the project prototype, a platform for online cooperative work, suggests that unless design provides adequate social and technical cues for the work to hand, the mundane knowledge that sustains cooperative work may be compromised by ethological breakdown.

Footnote

Part of a special section on knowledge management

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 53(2002) no.12, S.1038-1046

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Abstract

The paper explores the proposition that documentary genres implicitly order organizational activity; analysis of their role as tacit sorting devices can improve understanding of documentation and organizational practice. The author reviews recent work an communities of practice in organizations and discusses historical work an documentary genres and their role in capturing local or tacit knowledge. More recent work an documentary genres in the digital workplace is then addressed, and the place of the politics of classification in the construction of genres is discussed. The author analyzes case studies of new technology and changes in practice in a number of contexts, including recent work an documentary genres in a small enterprise in the Scottish food and beverage sector. In this company, evolving documentary genres have allowed a recently automated sales team to adapt to a new order imposed by changes in external circumstances and the procurement of new technology. The paper concludes with a review of recent work an visualization of social interactions and its possible role in the rapid provision of templates for documentary genres in different domains. The author speculates that representations (by visualization or other means) of documentary genres in organizational settings may serve as "thumbprints" of groups at work that may provide rapid insight into the nature of work in a given domain. Such insight may be important in distributed cognition, where ad hoc project teams work online and at a distance from each other in the "temporary organizations" that characterize work in many domains.

Source

Advances in classification research, vol.10: proceedings of the 10th ASIS SIG/CR Classification Research Workshop. Ed.: Albrechtsen, H. u. J.E. Mai

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Abstract

The authors propose a system for organizing situational knowledge, or knowledge of appropriate conduct, in workplaces that rely on web-based interaction. The conceptual framework that underlies the system is based on five propositions. First, recurrent and routine practice in organizations is articulated in, and co-evolves with distinct documentary forms, or genres. Second, the presence of sets of documentary genres in a group or other form of organization is indicative of activities that characterize such organization. Third, such indexicality may be observed at different levels of organization (the project, the unit, the firm), and clusters of genres at different levels of aggregation may provide profiles of activities at those different levels. Fourth, a notation (such as XML) which captures the 'shape' of documents may be used to model flexible documentary 'compounds' that capture situational knowledge, or knowledge of appropriate activity in an organization. Fifth, such encodings may be used compare organizations and sort them on the basis of their genre and activity profiles; visualization may accelerate the sorting process. An activity classifying system that integrates these proposals might improve organizational experience in a number of evaluative contexts (like benchmarking, team formation, or merger)

Source

Dynamism and stability in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the 6th International ISKO-Conference, 10-13 July 2000, Toronto, Canada. Ed.: C. Beghtol et al

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Abstract

The authors describe a study of the social dynamics of new media in Scottish households. The evolving project drew on dialogues with multiple household members elicited in group conversations. This approach to interviews captured different and conflicting points of view, a feature shared with certain social approaches to systems design. Analysis of the interview transcripts revealed that there are recurrent narratives and behavioral genres across households (and across sample groups), and that these reflect tactics, stratagems, and plans by means of which respondents navigate social space. The authors' approach contrasts with prevailing "needs and uses" models in information science, in offering a methodological framework based on group narrative and genre analysis that contributes to a theory of social informatics in the household

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 51(2000) no.10, S.900-912

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Abstract

Multiple authorship is a topic of growing concern in a number of scientific domains. When, as is increasingly common, scholarly articles and clinical reports have scores or even hundreds of authors-what Cronin (in press) has termed "hyperauthorship" -the precise nature of each individual's contribution is often masked. A notation that describes collaborators' contributions and allows those contributions to be tracked in, and across, texts (and over time) offers a solution. Such a notation should be useful, easy to use, and acceptable to communities of scientists. Drawing on earlier work, we present a proposal for an XML-like "contribution" mark-up, and discuss the potential benefits and possible drawbacks

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.9, S.770-773

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Abstract

Communities of practice have been identified as sites where knowledge is created in organisations. The author reviews studies of situated learning and situated action and suggests that these two activities may characterise the learning process in communities of practice where they are supported by a distinctive 'social' infrastructure. She analyses recent fieldwork in three online communities (a digital library reference service, a virtual enterprise and an online shopping group) to discover to what extent they may be described as communities of practice, and to establish how they support participants' learning.

Source

Journal of documentation. 57(2001) no.1, S.61-75