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Abstract

The authors propose a system for organizing situational knowledge, or knowledge of appropriate conduct, in workplaces that rely on web-based interaction. The conceptual framework that underlies the system is based on five propositions. First, recurrent and routine practice in organizations is articulated in, and co-evolves with distinct documentary forms, or genres. Second, the presence of sets of documentary genres in a group or other form of organization is indicative of activities that characterize such organization. Third, such indexicality may be observed at different levels of organization (the project, the unit, the firm), and clusters of genres at different levels of aggregation may provide profiles of activities at those different levels. Fourth, a notation (such as XML) which captures the 'shape' of documents may be used to model flexible documentary 'compounds' that capture situational knowledge, or knowledge of appropriate activity in an organization. Fifth, such encodings may be used compare organizations and sort them on the basis of their genre and activity profiles; visualization may accelerate the sorting process. An activity classifying system that integrates these proposals might improve organizational experience in a number of evaluative contexts (like benchmarking, team formation, or merger)

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Abstract

The Household Information Systems (HIS) project in Queen Margaret College was funded to explore the use of new media in a group of Edinburgh households (Davenport & Higgins, 1995). One of the motivations of the HIS 'programme' was to find a suitable theoretical and/or exploratory framework, which takes account of multiple aspects of behaviour surrounding technologies, and thus avoids assumptions about their role in information-seeking or other isolated activities. A focus on single activities would occlude knowledge of other motivations: bonding, killing time, defining boundaries. In Phase One, `information management' rather than `information seeking' was used as a conceptual framework, embracing work on the `life cycle' of ICTs as illustrated by Kopytoffs `biography of things' approach (1986), Johnson's cultural circuit (1986), research on households as micro-organisations by McCrone and his colleagues (1994), and work by Silverstone and others on ICTs in the home as tools for internal and external adaptation (Silverstone, 1994, Silverstone et al 1994). The `management' framework has been productive - Phase One allowed us to identify patterns of ICT acquisition and deployment in the home, and, more interestingly, structures of appropriation which reflect rules, roles and responsibilities in individual households. These constitute what may be called a `reproduction lattice' (adapting terminology used by Kling (1987) in his analysis of the `web of computing' in organisations), a structure which captures the political and cultural economy of a household. Phase One's findings are consistent with those of other researchers working in the area of domestic consumption of ICTs but a major limitation of the work is the homogeneous nature of the respondents. Among our Edinburgh 'household managers', internal culture was a more compelling explanation for use than technical functionality.

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Date

31. 7.2001 20:22:57

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Date

29. 9.2001 14:03:06