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Hendry, D.G.; Harper, D.J.: Coordinating information-seeking on interactive displays : a study in retrieval modelling and image indexing (1995)
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- Abstract
- Effective information seeking in an electronic library, offering a large multi use information space of materials and services, requires searchers to coordinate their reading, information seeking, and writing activities. Most interactive displays, however, do not help people monitor their problem solving. Describes a desplay, called SketchTrieve, which stresses the 'ease of expression' above all other design options and gives prominence to information seeking material, rather than 'retrieval controls'
- Source
- Electronic library and visual information research: Proceedings of the Second ELVIRA Conference (ELVIRA 2), Electronic Library and Visual Information Research, De Montfort University, Milton Keynes, May 1995. Ed. by M. Collier u, K. Arnold
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Hendry, D.G.; Harper, D.J.: ¬An informal information-seeking environment (1997)
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- Abstract
- Designs an information-seeking environment, where search techniques are represented with a data-flow notation and where the search has control of layout; thus, to seek information, is to manage space. Search plans can be represented on the display, and perceptual cues about search progress are captured while searching. With elements of search activity visible, opportunistic problem-solving should be well supported. The interface is designed to be extensible so a wide range of search techniques can be represented and emphasizes search material, such as queries, results, and notes, rather than system controls
- Footnote
- Contribution to a special topic issue on current research in human-computer interaction
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 48(1997) no.11, S.1036-1048
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Muresan, G.; Harper, D.J.: Topic modeling for mediated access to very large document collections (2004)
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- Abstract
- Clear and precise queries are a necessity when searching very large document collections, especially when query-based retrieval is the only means of exploration. We propose system-mediated information access as a solution for users' well-documented inability to formulate good queries. Our approach is based an two main assumptions: first, an the ability of document clustering to reveal the topical, semantic structure of a problem domain represented by a specialized "source collection," and, second, an the capacity of statistical language models to convey content. Taking the role of the human mediator or intermediary searcher, a mediation system interacts with the user and supports her exploration of a relatively small source collection, chosen to be representative for the problem domain. Based an the user's selection of relevant "exemplary" documents and clusters from this source collection, the system builds a language model of her information need. This model is subsequently used to derive "mediated queries," which are expected to convey precisely and comprehensively the user's information need, and can be submitted by the user to search any large and heterogeneous "target collections." We present results of experiments that simulated various mediation strategies and compared the effect an mediation effectiveness of a variety of parameters, such as the similarity measure, the weighting scheme, and the clustering method. They provide both upperbounds of performance that can potentially be reached by real end users and a comparison between the effectiveness of these strategies. The experimental evidence suggests that information retrieval mediated through a clustered specialized collection has potential to improve effectiveness significantly.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 55(2004) no.10, S.892-910
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Croft, W.B.; Harper, D.J.: Using probabilistic models of document retrieval without relevance information (1979)
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- Abstract
- Based on a probablistic model, proposes strategies for the initial search and an intermediate search. Retrieval experiences with the Cranfield collection of 1,400 documents show that this initial search strategy is better than conventional search strategies both in terms of retrieval effectiveness and in terms of the number of queries that retrieve relevant documents. The intermediate search is a useful substitute for a relevance feedback search. A cluster search would be an effective alternative strategy.
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Kelly, D.; Harper, D.J.; Landau, B.: Questionnaire mode effects in interactive information retrieval experiments (2008)
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- Abstract
- The questionnaire is an important technique for gathering data from subjects during interactive information retrieval (IR) experiments. Research in survey methodology, public opinion polling and psychology has demonstrated a number of response biases and behaviors that subjects exhibit when responding to questionnaires. Furthermore, research in human-computer interaction has demonstrated that subjects tend to inflate their ratings of systems when completing usability questionnaires. In this study we investigate the relationship between questionnaire mode and subjects' responses to a usability questionnaire comprised of closed and open questions administered during an interactive IR experiment. Three questionnaire modes (pen-and-paper, electronic and interview) were explored with 51 subjects who used one of two information retrieval systems. Results showed that subjects' quantitative evaluations of systems were significantly lower in the interview mode than in the electronic mode. With respect to open questions, subjects in the interview mode used significantly more words than subjects in the pen-and-paper or electronic modes to communicate their responses, and communicated a significantly higher number of response units, even though the total number of unique response units was roughly the same across condition. Finally, results showed that subjects in the pen-and-paper mode were the most efficient in communicating their responses to open questions. These results suggest that researchers should use the interview mode to elicit responses to closed questions from subjects and either pen-and-paper or electronic modes to elicit responses to open questions.
- Footnote
- Beitrag eines Themenbereichs: Evaluation of Interactive Information Retrieval Systems
- Source
- Information processing and management. 44(2008) no.1, S.122-141
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Jose, J.M.; Harper, D.J.: ¬An integrated approach to image retrieval (1995)
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- Abstract
- Presents an integrated approach to image retrieval that makes use of both image and text features. Uses objects in the image and their locations as image features which are derived semi-automatically. Defines a similarity measure which combines the result of image and text query matching, and which considers the relative importance of each to the user. Moreover, the image matching considers the spatial similarity between a query object and an image object. Uses standard techniques for text indexing and matching. Provides a multimodal query interface by which users can retrieve pictures based on image or text or both. ELCAIR, an extensible class library for information retrieval, provides the basis for the resultant picture indexing and retrieval system
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