-
Ingwersen, P.: Information and information science in context (1992)
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-
Ingwersen, P.: Information science as a cognitive science (1994)
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- Source
- Informations- und Wissensverarbeitung in den Sozialwissenschaften: Beiträge zur Umsetzung neuer Informationstechnologien. Hrsg.: H. Best u.a
-
Larsen, B.; Ingwersen, P.; Lund, B.: Data fusion according to the principle of polyrepresentation (2009)
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- Abstract
- We report data fusion experiments carried out on the four best-performing retrieval models from TREC 5. Three were conceptually/algorithmically very different from one another; one was algorithmically similar to one of the former. The objective of the test was to observe the performance of the 11 logical data fusion combinations compared to the performance of the four individual models and their intermediate fusions when following the principle of polyrepresentation. This principle is based on cognitive IR perspective (Ingwersen & Järvelin, 2005) and implies that each retrieval model is regarded as a representation of a unique interpretation of information retrieval (IR). It predicts that only fusions of very different, but equally good, IR models may outperform each constituent as well as their intermediate fusions. Two kinds of experiments were carried out. One tested restricted fusions, which entails that only the inner disjoint overlap documents between fused models are ranked. The second set of experiments was based on traditional data fusion methods. The experiments involved the 30 TREC 5 topics that contain more than 44 relevant documents. In all tests, the Borda and CombSUM scoring methods were used. Performance was measured by precision and recall, with document cutoff values (DCVs) at 100 and 15 documents, respectively. Results show that restricted fusions made of two, three, or four cognitively/algorithmically very different retrieval models perform significantly better than do the individual models at DCV100. At DCV15, however, the results of polyrepresentative fusion were less predictable. The traditional fusion method based on polyrepresentation principles demonstrates a clear picture of performance at both DCV levels and verifies the polyrepresentation predictions for data fusion in IR. Data fusion improves retrieval performance over their constituent IR models only if the models all are quite conceptually/algorithmically dissimilar and equally and well performing, in that order of importance.
- Date
- 22. 3.2009 18:48:28
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.4, S.646-654
-
Ingwersen, P.: ¬The human approach to information science and management : the framework and prospects underlying the new Danish MSc programme (1994)
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- Abstract
- This paper analyzes the conceptual background of the two-year MSC programme in Information Science and Management offered by the Royal School of Librarianship, Denmark, on top of the traditional course in Librarianship. The present state of library and information science (LIS) education is briefly analysed. Within this context, the programme structure and contents are outlined. The conception of information science which forms the background and framework for the programme structure is analysed and discussed. This conception of LIS emphasises a more profound human-driven approach to the domains of the discipline, and views information, technology, people, and the management aspects involved from a global perspective. The anticipated epistemological consequences of the human dimension are challenged. The major experiences gained from developing the Master's programme are analysed and the current syllabus described
- Source
- Journal of information science. 20(1994) no.3, S.197-208
-
Björneborn, L.; Ingwersen, P.: Toward a basic framework for Webometrics (2004)
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- Abstract
- In this article, we define webometrics within the framework of informetric studies and bibliometrics, as belonging to library and information science, and as associated with cybermetrics as a generic subfield. We develop a consistent and detailed link typology and terminology and make explicit the distinction among different Web node levels when using the proposed conceptual framework. As a consequence, we propose a novel diagram notation to fully appreciate and investigate link structures between Web nodes in webometric analyses. We warn against taking the analogy between citation analyses and link analyses too far.
- Footnote
- Beitrag in einem Themenheft über Webometrics
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 55(2004) no.14, S.1216-1227
-
Jepsen, E.T.; Seiden, P.; Ingwersen, P.; Björneborn, L.; Borlund, P.: Characteristics of scientific Web publications : preliminary data gathering and analysis (2004)
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- Abstract
- Because of the increasing presence of scientific publications an the Web, combined with the existing difficulties in easily verifying and retrieving these publications, research an techniques and methods for retrieval of scientific Web publications is called for. In this article, we report an the initial steps taken toward the construction of a test collection of scientific Web publications within the subject domain of plant biology. The steps reported are those of data gathering and data analysis aiming at identifying characteristics of scientific Web publications. The data used in this article were generated based an specifically selected domain topics that are searched for in three publicly accessible search engines (Google, AlITheWeb, and AItaVista). A sample of the retrieved hits was analyzed with regard to how various publication attributes correlated with the scientific quality of the content and whether this information could be employed to harvest, filter, and rank Web publications. The attributes analyzed were inlinks, outlinks, bibliographic references, file format, language, search engine overlap, structural position (according to site structure), and the occurrence of various types of metadata. As could be expected, the ranked output differs between the three search engines. Apparently, this is caused by differences in ranking algorithms rather than the databases themselves. In fact, because scientific Web content in this subject domain receives few inlinks, both AItaVista and AlITheWeb retrieved a higher degree of accessible scientific content than Google. Because of the search engine cutoffs of accessible URLs, the feasibility of using search engine output for Web content analysis is also discussed.
- Footnote
- Beitrag in einem Themenheft über Webometrics
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 55(2004) no.14, S.1239-1249
-
Ingwersen, P.; Wormell, I.: Modern indexing and retrieval techniques matching different types of information needs (1989)
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- Source
- International forum on information and documentation. 14(1989), S.17-22
-
Ingwersen, P.: Information and information science (1995)
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- Source
- Encyclopedia of library and information science. Vol.56, [=Suppl.19]
-
Ingwersen, P.: Europe and information science (1997)
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- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 48(1997) no.12, S.1139-1141
-
Ingwersen, P.: Search procedures in the library : analysed from the cognitive point of view (1982)
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- Abstract
- Reports experimental results concerning user interaction with document organisation, user-librarian negotiation and the librarian's search process in public libraries. The focus of the investigations is on the cognitive aspects of information retrieval. Discusses the cognitive viewpoint on which the research is based, outlining applicable findings and theories within the fields of cognitive science and cognitive psychology. It is shown how the user's knowledge structure cope with the structures of the system. User needs seem often to be presented as a label which may create ambiguity problems. Functions of open and closed questions are investigated and certain behaviouristic factors discussed. Librarians prefer search activity before consideration of the presented problem. Without a user present the librarian's information retrieval process is determined by 3 search attitudes involving motives and expectations as to search routines and possibilities. Conceptual knowledge, previous search and working domain play important roles. The attitudes have consequences for the objectives concerning use of routines and for the use of search concepts
-
Ingwersen, P.: Psychological aspects of information retrieval (1984)
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- Source
- Social science information studies. 4(1984), S.83-95
-
Ingwersen, P.; Johansen, T.; Timmermann, P.: User-librarian negotiations and search procedures : a progress report (1980)
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- Source
- Theory and application of information research. Proc. of the 2nd Int. Research Forum on Information Science, 3.-6.8.1977, Copenhagen. Ed.: O. Harbo u. L. Kajberg
-
Ingwersen, P.: ¬The cognitive viewpoint in IR (1993)
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- Footnote
- Vgl. auch die Leserbriefe von B. Frohmann in J. doc. 50(1994) no.3, S.239-240 u. D. Ellis in J. doc. 50(1994) no.3, S.241-242
-
Ingwersen, P.; Wormell, I.: Ranganathan in the perspective of advanced information retrieval (1992)
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- Abstract
- Examnines Ranganathan's approach to knowledge organisation and its relevance to intellectual accessibility in libraries. Discusses the current and future developments of his methodology and theories in knowledge-based systems. Topics covered include: semi-automatic classification and structure of thesauri; user-intermediary interactions in information retrieval (IR); semantic value-theory and uncertainty principles in IR; and case grammar
-
Ingwersen, P.; Wormell, I.: Means to improve subject access and representation in modern information retrieval (1988)
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-
Skov, M.; Larsen, B.; Ingwersen, P.: Inter and intra-document contexts applied in polyrepresentation for best match IR (2008)
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- Abstract
- The principle of polyrepresentation offers a theoretical framework for handling multiple contexts in information retrieval (IR). This paper presents an empirical laboratory study of polyrepresentation in restricted mode of the information space with focus on inter and intra-document features. The Cystic Fibrosis test collection indexed in the best match system InQuery constitutes the experimental setting. Overlaps between five functionally and/or cognitively different document representations are identified. Supporting the principle of polyrepresentation, results show that in general overlaps generated by three or four representations of different nature have higher precision than those generated from two representations or the single fields. This result pertains to both structured and unstructured query mode in best match retrieval, however, with the latter query mode demonstrating higher performance. The retrieval overlaps containing search keys from the bibliographic references provide the best retrieval performance and minor MeSH terms the worst. It is concluded that a highly structured query language is necessary when implementing the principle of polyrepresentation in a best match IR system because the principle is inherently Boolean. Finally a re-ranking test shows promising results when search results are re-ranked according to precision obtained in the overlaps whilst re-ranking by citations seems less useful when integrated into polyrepresentative applications.
-
Ingwersen, P.: Cognitive analysis and the role of the intermediary in information retrieval (1986)
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Ingwersen, P.: ¬The cognitive perspective in information retrieval (1994)
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- Abstract
- Outlines the principles underlying the theory of polyrepresentation applied to the user's cognitive space and the information space of information retrieval systems, set in a cognitive framework. Uses polyrepresentation to represent the current user's information needs, problem states, and domain work tasks or interests in a structure of causality, as well as to embody semantic full text entities by means of the principle of 'intentional redundancy'
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Ingwersen, P.: Cognitive perspectives of information retrieval interaction : elements of a cognitive IR theory (1996)
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- Abstract
- The objective of this paper is to amalgamate theories of text retrieval from various research traditions into a cognitive theory for information retrieval interaction. Set in a cognitive framework, the paper outlines the concept of polyrepresentation applied to both the user's cognitive space and the information space of IR systems. The concept seeks to represent the current user's information need, problem state, and domain work task or interest in a structure of causality. Further, it implies that we should apply different methods of representation and a variety of IR techniques of different cognitive and functional origin simultaneously to each semantic full-text entity in the information space. The cognitive differences imply that by applying cognitive overlaps of information objects, originating from different interprestations of such objects through time and by type, the degree of uncertainty inherent in IR is decreased. ... The lack of consistency among authors, indexers, evaluators or users is of an identical cognitive nature. It is unavoidable, and indeed favourable to IR. In particular, for full-text retrieval, alternative semantic entities, including Salton 'et al.'s' 'passage retrieval', are proposed to replace the traditional document record as the basic retrieval entity. These empirically observed phenomena of inconsistency and of semantic entities and values associated with data interpretation support strongly a cognitive approach to IR and the logical use of olypresentation, cognitive overlaps, and both data fusion and data diffusion
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Ingwersen, P.: ¬The cognitive framework for information retrieval : a paradigmatic perspective (1996)
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- Abstract
- The paper presents the principles underlying the cognitive framework for Information Retrieval (IR). It introduces the concept of polyrepresentation applied simultaneously to the user's cognitive space and the information space of IR systems. The concept seeks to represent the current user's information need, problem state, and domain work task or interest in a structure of causality. Further, it suggests to apply different methods of representation and a variety of IR techniques of 'different cognitive and functional origin' simultaneously to each information object in the information space. The cognitive differences between such representations imply that by applying 'cognitive retrieval overlaps' of information objects, originating from different interpretations of such objects over time and by type, the degree of uncertainty inherent in IR is decreased and the intellectual access possibilities are increased. One consequence of the framework is its capability to elucidate the seemingly dubious assumptions underlying the predominant algorithmic retrieval models, such as, the vector space and probabilistic models
